Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic “泰坦尼克“号的沉没

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

　　◆Southampton n. 南安普敦（英国港市）

　　◆colossal adj. 庞大的

　　◆watertight adj. 不漏水的

　　◆compartment n. （轮船的）密封舱

　　◆flood v. 充满水

　　◆float v. 漂浮， 飘浮

　　◆tragic adj. 悲惨的

　　◆liner n. 班船

　　◆voyage n. 航行

　　◆iceberg n. 冰山

　　◆lookout n. 瞭望员

　　◆collision n. 碰撞

　　◆narrowly adv. 刚刚，勉强地

　　◆miss v. 避开

　　◆slight adj. 轻微的

　　◆tremble v. 震颤

　　◆faint adj. 微弱的

　　◆horror n. 恐惧

　　◆abandon v. 抛弃

　　◆plunge v. 投入，跳入

　　◆lifeboat n. 救生船

　　

　　★Southampton n. 南安普敦（英国港市）

　　★colossal adj. 庞大的

　　big, large, huge, great, vast, immense, enormous, giant, gigantic, tremendous, titanic

　　colossal: large in size

　　A ship Titanic was colossal.

　　a colossal monument; a colossal statue

　　big:大的，重要的

　　You give me a big surprise.

　　He is a big person.

　　The box is big.

　　large:体积大，数量大

　　an empty large box

　　a large number of people

　　great: 伟大

　　vast:辽阔，广阔 vast desert

　　immense: immeasurable 不可测量的

　　 an immense stadium, immense iceberg

　　enormous 重点突出数量、程度、体积；强调程度时，语意强于big

　　Eg: He made a big success. / He made an enoumous success.

　　giant: 巨大的，高大的

　　a giant person 巨人 ； gigantic

　　tremendous: big, fast, powerful

　　The plane is traveling at tremendous speed.

　　titanic 用于修饰人和物，体积大、力量大

　　The ship is titanic.

　　huge:强调体积大 a huge stone 数量巨大 a huge sum of money

　　

　　★watertight adj. 不漏水的

　　a watertight ship

　　watertight 引申为无懈可击的，毫无破绽的

　　watertight arguments 无懈可击的论点

　　watertight excuse 毫无破绽的借口

　　waterproof 防水的；waterproof watch 防水手表

　　waterproof coat 防水雨衣

　　

　　★compartment n. （轮船的）密封舱

　　★flood v. 充满水

　　vt. & n.

　　vt. be filled with water; the ship is flooded.

　　 The room was flooded with moonlight.

　　

　　Our classroom was flooded with sunshine.

　　n. 洪水， in flood 河水泛滥； 引申表示连续不断的

　　During the rains, the river is in flood.

　　in a flood of words 滔滔不绝的

　　She blamed her husband in a flood of words on seeing him.

　　

　　★float v. 漂浮， 飘浮

　　drift

　　

　　★tragic adj. 悲惨的

　　unfoutunate; a tragic accident

　　miserable 苦难的 bitter 痛苦的

　　tragedy n. 悲剧， 惨剧 in tragedy 以悲剧形式

　　The holiday ended in tragedy.

　　comedy 喜剧 comic 喜剧的，滑稽的 comical 古怪的，可笑的

　　

　　★liner n. 班船

　　★voyage n. 航行

　　voyage 海上航行

　　flight 飞行

　　journey 长途行程

　　navigation 航海，航海术

　　The voyage is more than the old lady can bear.

　　

　　★iceberg n. 冰山

　　★lookout n. 瞭望员

　　★collision n. 碰撞

　　collide vi 碰撞，抚触

　　The plane collided with the mountain

　　crash v. 坠毁

　　It is said that there is an airplane that crashed in the mountains.

　　conflict vi. 和某事（某人）相抵触

　　My idea conflicts with yours.

　　clash vi. 相冲突

　　Eg: His wedding clashed with my examination, so I couldn’t go.

　　

　　★narrowly adv. 刚刚，勉强地

　　★miss v. 避开

　　★slight adj. 轻微的

　　★tremble v. 震颤

　　tremble v. 有规律的、小幅度的抖动

　　Look, your hands are trembling, what’s wrong with you?

　　shiver v. 强调由于寒冷、惧怕而一连串地抖动

　　I found he’s shivering in a cold.

　　shudder vi. 强调全身的颤栗

　　The boy is shuddering, why? Because he was frightened.

　　

　　★faint adj. 微弱的

　　faint: weak

　　faint sound / weak sound; weak voice / faint voice

　　faint: unconscious 失去知觉

　　He has been faint for a long time.

　　slight 轻微的，微不足道的

　　a slight headache; a slight book

　　

　　★horror n. 恐惧

　　★abandon v. 抛弃

　　abandon 因为某事而被迫放弃自己喜爱的事物

　　He abandoned his research because of the war.

　　desert 背弃，遗弃

　　desert the army; desert the duty; desert his family

　　

　　★plunge v. 投入，跳入

　　plunge: jump or rush suddenly and wildly

　　He got so angry that he plunge into the water.

　　When the ship Titanic sank in the ocean, a large number of people plunged into…

　　jump:侧重强调快速地跳

　　The boy is jumping up and down.

　　leap: 跳跃 He leapt out of the sleeping bad.

　　dive 跳水、潜水

　　

　　★lifeboat n. 救生船

　　

　　【Text】

　　§ Lesson 10 The loss of the Titanic “泰坦尼克“号的沉没

　　What would have happened if only two of the sixteen water-tight compartments had been flooded?

　　

　　The great ship, Titanic, sailed for New York from Southampton on April 10th, 1912. She was carrying 1316 passengers and a crew of 89l. Even by modern standards, the 46,000 ton Titanic was a colossal ship. At that time, however, she was not only the largest ship that had ever been built, but was regarded as unsinkable, for she had sixteen watertight compartments. Even if two of these were flooded, she would still be able to float. The tragic sinking of this great liner will always be remembered, for she went down on her first voyage with heavy loss of life.

　　Four days after setting out, while the Titanic was sailing across the icy waters of the North Atlantic, a huge iceberg was suddenly spotted by a look-out. After the alarm had been given, the great ship turned sharply to avoid a direct collision. The Titanic turned just in time, narrowly missing the immense wall of ice which rose over 100 feet out of the water beside her. Suddenly, there was a slight trembling sound from below, and the captain went down to see what had happened. The noise had been so faint that no one thought that the ship had been damaged. Below, the captain realized to his horror that the Titanic was sinking rapidly, for five of her sixteen watertight compartments had already been flooded! The order to abandon ship was given and hundreds of people plunged into the icy water. As there were not enough life-boats for everybody, 1500 lives were lost.

　　

　　参考译文

　　 巨轮“泰坦尼克”号1912年4月10日从南安普敦起锚驶向纽约。船上载有1,316名乘客与891名船员。却使用现代标准来衡量，45,000 吨的“泰坦尼克”号与算得上一艘巨轮了。当时，这艘轮船不仅是造船史上建造的最大的一艘船，而且也被认为是不会沉没的。因为船由16个密封舱组成，即使有两个舱进水，仍可漂浮的水面上。然而，这艘巨轮首航就下沉，造成大批人员死亡。人们将永远记着这艘巨轮的沉没惨剧。

　　 “泰坦尼克”起航后的第4天，它正行驶在北大西洋冰冷的海面上。突然，了望员发现一座冰山。警报响过不久，巨轮急转弯，以避免与冰山正面相撞。“泰坦尼克”这个弯拐得及时，紧贴着高出海面100英尺的巨大的冰墙擦过去。突然，从船舱下部传来一声微颤音，船长走下船舱去查看究竟。由于这个声音非常轻，没人会想到船身已遭损坏。在下面，船长惊恐的地发现“泰坦尼克”号正在急速下沉，16个密封舱已有5个进水。于是，他发出弃船的命令，几百人跳进了冰冷刺骨的海水里。由于没有足够的救生艇运载所有乘客，结果，1,500 人丧生。

　　【课文讲解】

　　The loss of the Titanic

　　The great ship, Titanic, sailed for …背景介绍

　　sail for 航海去往某处

　　set out (off) for 出发去往某处

　　leave for, head for, make for

　　

　　Eg: He will set out for the Atlantic.

　　The plane is making for the airport.

　　We are heading for Canada.

　　

　　She eas carrying…

　　carry 表示载有； a crew of 一组人员

　　

　　Even by… by : according to 表示依据

　　modern standards 现代的标准

　　by regulation 依据规则 ; by ruies 依据条例

　　by our estimate 根据我们的估计

　　by one’s looks / by one’s appearance 根据某人的长相

　　according to 依据 （事实、课文等客观存在的现实）

　　according to the fact 依据事实

　　according to the text 依据这篇课文

　　

　　在我看来： in my opinion

　　

　　according to / in accordance with

　　in accordance with 更加正式

　　in accordance with law 依据法律

　　in accordance with rules

　　

　　at that time 在当时

　　

　　not only… but (also )… 不仅…而且

　　be regarded as: be considered to be, be thought of as 把…看作为

　　口语中： regard sb. / sth. as + (n. / pron. / adj. / doing / done)

　　Eg: I regarded his idea as totally unacceptable.

　　We can’t regard the matter as settled.

　　

　　for 表示原因

　　be able to 强调有能力

　　

　　be remembered 被永远记住

　　go down: sink

　　on her first voyage 处女航， 首航

　　with heavy loss of life 损失惨重，造成大批人员的死亡

　　

　　four days after setting out… : four days after setting off…

　　…spotted…: suddenly discovered by a look out

　　icy waters 水域，海域

　　

　　the alarm had been given 发出警

　　to avoid…不定式表目的

　　

　　just in time 很及时

　　missing 现在分词做状语，表示对主句的补充说明

　　narrowly 勉强地

　　

　　which 指代the immense wall of ice

　　from below 从下方 from above 从上方

　　

　　… so faint that no one thought that…

　　so… that…

　　

　　to one’s horror 使某人感到惊讶

　　

　　five of her sixteen watertight compartments had been filled with water.

　　

　　The order was given 命令被下达

　　to abandon ship 弃船，不定式做定语

　　As (because ) there were not enough lifeboats… 1,500 lives died.

　　

　　the order was given. 命令被下达

　　to abandon ship 弃船 不定式做做定语

　　

　　ability 能力

　　the ability to do sth.

　　order sb. to do sth.

　　be capable of doing sth. 强调有做某事的能力

　　capability of doing sth. 做某事的能力

　　

　　【Special difficulties】

　　Word Building 构词法

　　动词后加-er, 如果是以不发音的-e结尾的，只加-r, 表示行为的主动者，做某事的人。

　　work----worker teach----teacher murder----murderer

　　write----writer read----reader

　　动词后加-ist, 表示某种主义者、信仰者；从事某种事业、研究的人

　　copy----copyist type----typist novel ---- novelist

　　drug---- druggist tobacco----- tobacconist

　　形容词后加-ness, 抽象名词，表示一种性质、情况、状态

　　kind----kindness bitter----bitterness happy----happiness

　　willing----willngness

　　某些动词后加-ion, 构成名词

　　suggent----suggestion …

　　以-te结尾的动词，把不发音的-e去掉，再加-ion

　　translate----translation complete---- completion

　　graduate---- graduation

　　某些以-aim /-ain 结尾的动词，把-i 去掉，再加-ation

　　explain----explanation exclaim----exclamation

　　以-ity 结尾，放在形容词之后，构成抽象名词，表示性质、状态

　　以-able / -ible 对尾的形容词变成名词，充成 –ability / -ibility

　　able----ability probable----probability possible----possibility mobile----mobility