Lesson 8 A famous monastery 著名的修道院

【New words and expressions】 生词和短语

　　◆monastery n. 寺院，修道院

　　◆St. Bernard 圣伯纳德

　　◆pass n. 关隘

　　◆watchdog n. 看门狗

　　◆rashly adj. 莽撞地，冒失地

　　◆enclosure n. 围场，圈地

　　◆monk n. 和尚，僧侣

　　◆privacy n. 清静，隐居

　　◆skier n. 滑雪者

　　◆Easter n. 复活节

　　

　　★monastery n. 寺院，修道院

　　abbot:修道院院长

　　convent nun:修女

　　abbess:女修道院院长

　　

　　★St. Bernard 圣伯纳德

　　★pass n. 关隘

　　★watchdog n. 看门狗

　　★rashly adj. 莽撞地，冒失地

　　boldly adv.

　　

　　★enclosure n. 围场，圈地

　　

　　★monk n. 和尚，僧侣

　　★privacy n. 清静，隐居

　　

　　★skier n. 滑雪者

　　★Easter n. 复活节

　　at Easter, at Christmas, at Thanksgiving

　　

　　【Text】

　　§ Lesson 8 A famous monastery 著名的修道院

　　What are the St. Bernard dogs used for?

　　The Great St Bernard Pass connects Switzerland to Italy. At 247o metres, it is the highest mountain pass in Europe. The famous monastery of St Bernard, which was founded in the eleventh century, lies about a mile away. For hundreds of years, St Bernard dogs have saved the lives of travellers crossing the dangerous Pass. These friendly dogs, which were first brought from Asia, were used as watch-dogs even in Roman times. Now that a tunnel has been built through the mountains, the Pass is less dangerous, but each year, the dogs are still sent out into the snow whenever a traveller is in difficulty. Despite the new tunnel, there are still a few people who rashly attempt to cross the Pass on foot

　　

　　During the summer months, the monastery is very busy,for it is visited by thousands of people who cross the Pass in cars, As there are so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in a special enclosure. In winter, however, life at the monastery is quite different. The temperature drops to –30○　and very few people attempt to cross the Pass. The monks Prefer winter to summer for they have more privacy. The dogs have greater freedom, too,for they are allowed to wander outside their enclosure. The only regular visitors to the

　　monastery in winter are parties of skiers who go there at Christmas and Easter. These young people, who love the peace of the mountains, always receive a warm welcome at St. Bernard‘s monastery.

　　

　　参考译文

　　 圣伯纳德大山口连接着瑞士与意大利，海拔2,473O米，是欧洲最高的山口。11世纪建造的著名的圣伯纳德修道院位于离山口1英里远的地方。几百年来，圣伯纳德修道院驯养狗拯救了许多翻越这道山口的旅游者的生命。那些最先从亚洲引进的狗，待人友好，早在罗马时代就给人当看门狗了。如今由于山里开挖了隧道，翻越山口已不那么危险了。但每年还要派狗到雪山地里去帮助那些遇到困难的旅游者，尽管修通了隧道，但仍有一些人想冒险徒步跨越圣伯纳德山口。

　　 夏天的几个月里，修道院十分忙碌，因为有成千上万的人驾车通过山口，顺道来修道院参观。由于来人太多，狗被关在专门的围栏里。然而到了冬天，修道院里的生活则是另一番景象。气温下降到零下30度，试图跨越山口的人寥寥无几。修道士们喜欢冬天，而不太喜欢夏天。因为在冬天，他们可以更多地过无人打扰的生活。狗也比较自由，被放出围栏，四处遛达。冬天常来修道院参观的只有一批批滑雪者。他们在圣诞节或复活节到那儿去。这些热爱高山清静环境的年轻人每年都受到圣伯纳德道院的热烈欢迎。

　　

　　【课文讲解】

　　connects / Join Switzerland to Italy / link Switzerland with Italy

　　connect … with:把…与某事联系在一起

　　I can’t connect the picture with my friend Mary.

　　Are you connected with the government?

　　be connected with 与…有联系

　　at 2,473 metres:介词短语修饰全句用于句首表示原因、条件或状态

　　At the age of 25, he is able.

　　At one point 65 metres, he is a little short.

　　

　　限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句最大的区别

　　非限制性定语从句是对主句或主句中所出现的某个名词的补充说明和解释，去掉对主句影响不大

　　限制性定语从句是主句当中不可缺少的一部分

　　Mr Smith was a famous person in American history.

　　Mr Smith, who died on July 17th at 84, was a famous person in American history.

　　There were very few passengers, who escaped without serious injury.

　　There were very few passengers who escaped without serious injury.

　　

　　The taxi drivers, who knew about the traffic jam, took another road.

　　The taxi drivers who knew about the traffic jam took another road, and others who didn’t know about the traffic jam still took this heavy road.

　　who引导的非限制性定语从句主要指人做主语

　　指代事物在非限制性定语从句当中只能使用which

　　 He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the sum I needed.

　　指代时间when, 地点where

　　He was left on the desert island, where he stayed for as long as therr weeks.

　　found建立 set up establish

　　

　　live----lives

　　which指代friend dogs

　　The panda, which was brought from China, was used as a symbol of friendship.

　　

　　Now that：既然

　　用做时间连接词时，后面通常跟完成式

　　Now that you have left university, you have to find a job.

　　用做原因连接词时，后面时态不限。

　　Now that you won‘t help me, I must do the job myself.

　　Now that you are grown-up, you must stop the children behave.

　　

　　whenever, whoever, whatever wherever, whichever , however

　　no matter when / who / what / where / which / how

　　You can telephone me whenever you like.

　　Whichever day you come, we’ll be pleased to see you.

　　

　　Whenever you go, I’ll follow you.

　　However busy you are, you nust spare some time to study English.

　　

　　Despite介词——in spite of

　　rashly 莽撞的 attempt to do sth. -----try to do sth.

　　there + be

　　zThere are still a few students studying English in the classroom.

　　

　　in cars ---by car

　　about 到处，周围

　　Don’t litter waste paper about.

　　look about, go about, run about, wander about

　　

　　keep： 使某人或某物处于某种状态，经常和介词短语、形容词、分词（现在分词和过去分词）搭配连用，表示一种状态

　　keep him out, keep him in

　　Do keep the cat in the room.

　　表示逻辑的主谓关系——现在分词 I’m sorry to keep you wating.

　　表示逻辑的动宾关系——过去分词 The lamb was kept tight to a tree.

　　

　　quite the opposite 恰恰相反

　　

　　prefer sth. to sth.

　　I prefer reading to doing nothing.

　　

　　The regular visitors to Beijing

　　

　　Mike, who loves chess very much, entered for the game.

　　

　　Special difficulties

　　

　　Exercise P44

　　Supply the missing words in the following sentences:

　　1 Now that he’s grown up, he does _____ ever he pleases.

　　2 _____ ever I telephone, the line’s engaged.

　　3 _____ ever told you that, didn’t know what he was talking about.

　　

　　Key: 1. what 2. when 3. who

　　

　　【Multiple choice questions】多项选择题

　　Comprehension

　　1 St. Bernard dogs are nest known for _____ .

　　a. being a great summer tourist attraction

　　b. having saved people’s lives before the new tunnel was built

　　c. being able to search people out who have been trapped in the smow

　　d. the freedom they have to wander about in the winter

　　be best known for = be famous for: 众所周知

　　1． C

　　

　　2 What is the main advantage of the new tunnel?

　　a. It prevents people from endangering their lives by climbing the Pass.

　　b. It brings thousands of tourists to the monstery each summer.

　　c. It provides a fast and safe communication across the Swiss-Italian border.

　　d. It brings the St. Bernard monks into greater contact with the world.

　　the main advantage 最大的好处

　　2． C

　　

　　3 In what way does life at the St. Bernard monastery differ in winter?

　　a. The great number of visitors must come to the monastery on skis.

　　b. The dogs are free to save the lives of people lost in the snow.

　　c. The monks are more welcoming to their visitors.

　　d. The monks con pursue their occupation relatively undisturbed.

　　occupation:事业， undisturbed: 不受打扰的

　　3． D

　　

　　Structure

　　4 The highest mountain pass in Europe is _____ ...(ll.1-2)

　　a. of 2,473 metres b. at 2,473 metres high c. high 2,473 metres d. 2,473 metres high

　　4． D

　　名词作表语，at，介词短语作状语

　　

　　5 --a few people who are _____ to cross the Pass on foot. (ll.9-10)

　　a. rash enough b. so rash c. too rash d. very rash

　　形容词或副词和enough to do 搭配

　　b 选项错在so rash as to, You are so kind as to help me.

　　

　　6 _____ so many people about, the dogs have to be kept in an enclosure. (l.12)

　　a. With b. Being c. Because d. Having

　　with的复合结构形式

　　A large car, with its headlights on and its bom blaring, roared down the arcade.

　　With so many people around me, I feel happy.

　　6. A

　　

　　7 The monks let _____ outside their enclosure. (l.15)

　　a. them to wander b. to them wandering c. them wander d. them wandering

　　让某人做某事：let sb. do

　　7. C

　　

　　8 Parties of skiers _____ the monastery in winter. (ll.15-16)

　　a. visit to b. are visiting at c. visit d. are visiting

　　泛泛的概念采取一般现在时

　　8． C

　　

　　Vocabulary

　　9 The great St. Bernard Pass lies _____ Switzerland and Italy. (l.1)

　　a. within b. between c. about d. along

　　强调两者之间

　　9． B

　　

　　10 The dogs are sent out into the snow _____ a traveller is in difficulty. (ll.8-9)

　　a. if ever b. in case c. all the time d. while

　　whenever = if ever 无论什么时候，只要情况是如此

　　Whenever / if ever you pour oil on water, it floats.

　　in case 主要是讨论预防措施

　　You should insure your house in case there is a fire.

　　10. A

　　

　　11 Thousands of people _____ over the Pass. (ll.11-12)

　　a. trip b. voyage c. conduct d. drive

　　drive

　　11. D

　　

　　12 They are allowed to _____ outside their enclosure. (l.15)

　　a. graze b. drift c. roam d. wonder

　　原文：wander: 闲逛， roam

　　graze:吃草，drift:漂流 = float, wonder:想知道，感到奇怪