Hadoop中DBInputFormat和DBOutputFormat使用

一、背景

为了方便MapReduce直接访问关系型数据库（Mysql,Oracle），Hadoop提供了DBInputFormat和DBOutputFormat两个类。通过

DBInputFormat类把数据库表数据读入到HDFS，根据DBOutputFormat类把MapReduce产生的结果集导入到数据库表中。

二、技术细节

1、DBInputFormat（Mysql为例），先创建表:
CREATE TABLE studentinfo (
id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
name VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL);
2、由于0.20版本对DBInputFormat和DBOutputFormat支持不是很好，该例用了0.19版本来说明这两个类的用法。
3、DBInputFormat用法如下：
public class DBInput {
// DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `hadoop`.`studentinfo`;
// CREATE TABLE studentinfo (
// id INTEGER NOT NULL PRIMARY KEY,
// name VARCHAR(32) NOT NULL);

public static class StudentinfoRecord implements Writable, DBWritable {
int id;
String name;
public StudentinfoRecord() {

}
public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
this.id = in.readInt();
this.name = Text.readString(in);
}
public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeInt(this.id);
Text.writeString(out, this.name);
}
public void readFields(ResultSet result) throws SQLException {
this.id = result.getInt(1);
this.name = result.getString(2);
}
public void write(PreparedStatement stmt) throws SQLException {
stmt.setInt(1, this.id);
stmt.setString(2, this.name);
}
public String toString() {
return new String(this.id + " " + this.name);
}
}
public class DBInputMapper extends MapReduceBase implements
Mapper<LongWritable, StudentinfoRecord, LongWritable, Text> {
public void map(LongWritable key, StudentinfoRecord value,
OutputCollector<LongWritable, Text> collector, Reporter reporter)
throws IOException {
collector.collect(new LongWritable(value.id), new Text(value
.toString()));
}
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
JobConf conf = new JobConf(DBInput.class);
DistributedCache.addFileToClassPath(new Path(
"/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.0-bin.jar"), conf);

conf.setMapperClass(DBInputMapper.class);
conf.setReducerClass(IdentityReducer.class);

conf.setMapOutputKeyClass(LongWritable.class);
conf.setMapOutputValueClass(Text.class);
conf.setOutputKeyClass(LongWritable.class);
conf.setOutputValueClass(Text.class);

conf.setInputFormat(DBInputFormat.class);
FileOutputFormat.setOutputPath(conf, new Path("/hua01"));
DBConfiguration.configureDB(conf, "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver",
"jdbc:mysql://192.168.3.244:3306/hadoop", "hua", "hadoop");
String[] fields = { "id", "name" };
DBInputFormat.setInput(conf, StudentinfoRecord.class, "studentinfo",
null, "id", fields);

JobClient.runJob(conf);
}
}

a)StudnetinfoRecord类的变量为表字段，实现Writable和DBWritable两个接口。

实现Writable的方法：
public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
this.id = in.readInt();
this.name = Text.readString(in);
}
public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeInt(this.id);
Text.writeString(out, this.name);
}

实现DBWritable的方法：
public void readFields(ResultSet result) throws SQLException {
this.id = result.getInt(1);
this.name = result.getString(2);
}
public void write(PreparedStatement stmt) throws SQLException {
stmt.setInt(1, this.id);
stmt.setString(2, this.name);
}

b)读入Mapper的value类型是StudnetinfoRecord。

c)配置如何连入数据库，读出表studentinfo数据。
DBConfiguration.configureDB(conf, "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver",
"jdbc:mysql://192.168.3.244:3306/hadoop", "hua", "hadoop");
String[] fields = { "id", "name" };
DBInputFormat.setInput(conf, StudentinfoRecord.class, "studentinfo", null, "id", fields);

4、DBOutputFormat用法如下：

public class DBOutput {

public static class StudentinfoRecord implements Writable, DBWritable {
int id;
String name;
public StudentinfoRecord() {

}
public void readFields(DataInput in) throws IOException {
this.id = in.readInt();
this.name = Text.readString(in);
}
public void write(DataOutput out) throws IOException {
out.writeInt(this.id);
Text.writeString(out, this.name);
}
public void readFields(ResultSet result) throws SQLException {
this.id = result.getInt(1);
this.name = result.getString(2);
}
public void write(PreparedStatement stmt) throws SQLException {
stmt.setInt(1, this.id);
stmt.setString(2, this.name);
}
public String toString() {
return new String(this.id + " " + this.name);
}
}

public static class MyReducer extends MapReduceBase implements
Reducer<LongWritable, Text, StudentinfoRecord, Text> {
public void reduce(LongWritable key, Iterator<Text> values,
OutputCollector<StudentinfoRecord, Text> output, Reporter reporter)
throws IOException {
String[] splits = values.next().toString().split("\t");
StudentinfoRecord r = new StudentinfoRecord();
r.id = Integer.parseInt(splits[0]);
r.name = splits[1];
output.collect(r, new Text(r.name));
}
}

public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
JobConf conf = new JobConf(DBOutput.class);
conf.setInputFormat(TextInputFormat.class);
conf.setOutputFormat(DBOutputFormat.class);

FileInputFormat.setInputPaths(conf, new Path("/hua/hua.bcp"));
DBConfiguration.configureDB(conf, "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver",
"jdbc:mysql://192.168.3.244:3306/hadoop", "hua", "hadoop");
DBOutputFormat.setOutput(conf, "studentinfo", "id", "name");

conf.setMapperClass(org.apache.hadoop.mapred.lib.IdentityMapper.class);
conf.setReducerClass(MyReducer.class);

JobClient.runJob(conf);
}

}

a)StudnetinfoRecord类的变量为表字段，实现Writable和DBWritable两个接口，同.DBInputFormat的StudnetinfoRecord类。

b)输出Reducer的key/value类型是StudnetinfoRecord。

c)配置如何连入数据库，输出结果到表studentinfo。
DBConfiguration.configureDB(conf, "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver",
"jdbc:mysql://192.168.3.244:3306/hadoop", "hua", "hadoop");
DBOutputFormat.setOutput(conf, "studentinfo", "id", "name");
三、总结

运行MapReduce时候报错：java.io.IOException: com.mysql.jdbc.Driver，一般是由于程序找不到mysql驱动包。解决方法是让每个

tasktracker运行MapReduce程序时都可以找到该驱动包。

添加包有两种方式：

1.在每个节点下的${HADOOP_HOME}/lib下添加该包。重启集群，一般是比较原始的方法。

2.a)把包传到集群上： hadoop fs -put mysql-connector-java-5.1.0- bin.jar /lib

b)在mr程序提交job前，添加语句：istributedCache.addFileToClassPath(new Path("/lib/mysql- connector-java- 5.1.0-bin.jar"), conf);

3、虽然API用的是0.19的，但是使用0.20的API一样可用，只是会提示方法已过时而已。