DWR 入門與應用（三）

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DWR Servlet JavaScript Ajax XML

來寫個AJAX版的聊天室吧！先看看直接使用AJAX要如何做到，首先需要一個簡單的聊天室Servlet…

package onlyfun.caterpillar;
 
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
 
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;
 
 public class ChatRoomServlet extends javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet implements javax.servlet.Servlet {
     private static LinkedList<Message> messages = new LinkedList<Message>();
     
     public ChatRoomServlet() {
    super(); 
  }
    
    private List<Message> addMessage(String text) {
        if (text != null && text.trim().length() > 0) {
            messages.addFirst(new Message(text));
            while (messages.size() > 10) {
                messages.removeLast();
            }
        }
 
        return messages;
    }
 
    private List<Message> getMessages() {
        return messages;
    }
    
  protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        List<Message> list = null;
        
        if("send".equals(request.getParameter("task"))) {
             list = addMessage(request.getParameter("msg"));
        }
        else if("query".equals(request.getParameter("task"))){
             list = getMessages();
        }
 
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        response.setContentType("text/xml");
        response.setHeader("Cache-Control", "no-cache");
 
        out.println("<response>");
        for(int i = 0; i < list.size(); i++) {
            String msg = list.get(i).getText();
            out.println("<message>" + msg + "</message>");
        }
        out.println("</response>");
  }             
}

Message物件如下…

package onlyfun.caterpillar;
 
public class Message {
    private long id = System.currentTimeMillis();
    private String text;
    
    public Message(String newtext) {
        text = newtext;
        if (text.length() > 256) {
            text = text.substring(0, 256);
        }
        text = text.replace('<', '[');
        text = text.replace('&', '_');
    }
 
    public long getId() {
        return id;
    }
 
    public String getText() {
        return text;
    }
}

Servlet接受訊息新增與查詢，判斷的方式是檢查請求參數task是send或query。

Servlet會以XML傳回目前List當中的訊息，客戶端可以查詢或插入新訊息時，取得目前List中的訊息，接著在web.xml中設定一下…

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app id="WebApp_ID" version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/j2ee/web-app_2_4.xsd">
  <servlet>
    <description>
    </description>
    <display-name>
    ChatRoomServlet</display-name>
    <servlet-name>ChatRoomServlet</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>
    onlyfun.caterpillar.ChatRoomServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>
 
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>ChatRoomServlet</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/ChatRoomServlet</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>
  <session-config>
    <session-timeout>
            30
        </session-timeout>
  </session-config>  
</web-app>

在網頁中，使用者可以在輸入訊息後按下按鈕送出資訊，並在XML回應取得時，將訊息以一列一列的表格方式顯示出來，另外還設定了週期性的輪詢，即使不輸入新訊息，也可以週期性的取得新的聊天訊息…

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=BIG5">
<title>Chat Room</title>
 
<script type="text/javascript">
var xmlHttp;
 
function createXMLHttpRequest() {
    if (window.ActiveXObject) {
        xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    } 
    else if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
    }
}
 
function sendMessage() {
  var msg = document.getElementById("text").value;
  
  if(msg == "") {
    refreshMessage();
    return;
  }
  
  var param = "task=send&msg=" + msg;
  ajaxRequest(param);
  document.getElementById("text").value = "";
}
 
function queryMessage() {
  var param = "task=query";
  ajaxRequest(param);
}
 
function ajaxRequest(param) {
  var url = "ChatRoomServlet?timestamp" + new Date().getTime();
    createXMLHttpRequest();
  xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = refreshMessage;
    xmlHttp.open("POST", url, true);
  xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type",
           "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;");
    xmlHttp.send(param);
}
  
function refreshMessage() {
  if(xmlHttp.readyState == 4) {
        if(xmlHttp.status == 200) {
          var messages = xmlHttp.responseXML.getElementsByTagName("message");
  
          var table_body = document.getElementById("dynamicUpdateArea");
      var length = table_body.childNodes.length;
      for (var i = 0; i < length; i++) {
        table_body.removeChild(table_body.childNodes[0]);
      }
      
      var length = messages.length;
          for(var i = length - 1; i >= 0 ; i--) {
              var message = messages[i].firstChild.data;
              var row = createRow(message);
        
              table_body.appendChild(row);                        
          }
      setTimeout("queryMessage()", 2000);
        }
  }
}
 
function createRow(message) {
    var row = document.createElement("tr");
    var cell = document.createElement("td");
    var cell_data = document.createTextNode(message);
    cell.appendChild(cell_data);
    row.appendChild(cell);
    return row;
}
 
</script>
 
</head>
<body>
 
<p>
  Your Message:
  <input id="text"/>
  <input type="button" value="Send"
      onclick="sendMessage()"/>
</p>
 
<p>Messages:</p>
    <table align="left">
        <tbody id="dynamicUpdateArea"></tbody>
    </table>
 
</body>
</html>

簡單抓個畫面…

直接用AJAX，後端用JSP/Servlet，您要對請求參數做些判斷，看看是新增訊息或查詢，並要自行輸出XML，有的沒的…

改成DWR的話，就很簡單了，寫個簡單的Java物件…

package onlyfun.caterpillar;
 
import java.util.LinkedList;
import java.util.List;
 
public class Chat {
  private static LinkedList<Message> messages = new LinkedList<Message>();
 
  public List addMessage(String text) {
    if (text != null && text.trim().length() > 0) {
      messages.addFirst(new Message(text));
      while (messages.size() > 10) {
        messages.removeLast();
      }
    }
 
    return messages;
  }
 
  public List getMessages() {
    return messages;
  }
}

接著…在dwr.xml中開放一下…

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE dwr PUBLIC "-//GetAhead Limited//DTD Direct Web Remoting 1.0//EN" "http://www.getahead.ltd.uk/dwr/dwr10.dtd">
 
<dwr>
  <allow>
 
    <create creator="new" javascript="Chat">
      <param name="class" value="onlyfun.caterpillar.Chat"/>
    </create>
    
    <convert converter="bean" match="onlyfun.caterpillar.Message"/>      
  </allow>
</dwr>

使用者取得訊息時，是直接傳回List物件，而List中裝的是Message物件，Message物件是自訂物件，conterver設定為 bean，表示DWR會自動將Message的getter名稱轉換為傳回客戶端的JavaScript物件中的屬性，例如Message中有 getText()，則在客戶端可以用message.text這樣的方式來存取。

接著是簡單的客戶端網頁…

<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN">
<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=BIG5">
<title>Insert title here</title>
 
<script src="dwr/interface/Chat.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="dwr/engine.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
<script src="dwr/util.js" type="text/javascript"></script>
 
<script type="text/javascript">
function sendMessage() {
    var text = DWRUtil.getValue("text");
    DWRUtil.setValue("text", "");
    Chat.addMessage(text, gotMessages);
}
 
function gotMessages(messages) {
    var chatlog = "";
    for (var data in messages) {
        chatlog = "<div>" + messages[data].text +
            "</div>" + chatlog;
    }
    DWRUtil.setValue("chatlog", chatlog);
  setTimeout("queryMessage()", 2000);
}
 
function queryMessage() {
  Chat.getMessages(gotMessages);
}
</script>
 
</head>
<body>
 
<p>
  Your Message:
  <input id="text"/>
  <input type="button" value="Send"
      onclick="sendMessage()"/>
</p>
 
<p>Messages:</p>
<div id="chatlog"></div>
 
</body>
</html>

當List物件傳回時，它成為gotMessages(messages)中的messages物件，而messages物件中包括 Message物件轉換後對應的JavaScript物件，由於我們已經設定了Converter，所以可以用messages[data].text來取得傳回的訊息…

簡單抓個畫面…