[总结]RHEL5｜6相关

Console/X Window Switch

# /etc/inittab
# Console:  id:3:initdefault:
# X Window: id:5:initdefault:
# Default runlevel. The runlevels used by RHS are:
#   0 - halt (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
#   1 - Single user mode
#   2 - Multiuser, without NFS (The same as 3, if you do not have networking)
#   3 - Full multiuser mode
#   4 - unused
#   5 - X11
#   6 - reboot (Do NOT set initdefault to this)
#
id:3:initdefault:

Check / List Running Services
service command - list running services

service --status-all
service --status-all | grep ntpd
service --status-all | less

Print the status of any service

To print the status of apache (httpd) service:

service httpd status

List all known services (configured via SysV)

chkconfig --list

List service and their open ports

netstat -tulpn

Turn on / off service

ntsysv
chkconfig service off
chkconfig service on
chkconfig httpd off
chkconfig ntpd on

Other

/sbin/service [name] start
starts the background service
/sbin/service [name] stop
stops the background service
/sbin/service [name] restart
restarts the background service
/sbin/service [name] status
displays the background service status
/sbin/chkconfig ––list
displays all the available services
/sbin/chkconfig ––level 345 [name] on
automatically runs the background service on the next startup
/sbin/chkconfig ––level 345 [name] off
removes the background service from the startup list
/sbin/chkconfig [name] on
enables the on-demand service
/sbin/chkconfig [name] off
disables the on-demand service

系统时间与硬件时间同步

vi /etc/crontab
#*/3 * * * * root ntpdate time.windows.com
* */1 * * * root /sbin/hwclock -s --localtime

Linux Find
find 命令的基本结构：

find   start_directory  test  options   criteria_to_match
action_to_perform_on_results

在以下命令中，find 将开始在目录中查找文件：

find . -name  "*.java"
find /home/bluher -name \*.java
find /usr /home  /tmp -name "*.jar"
find /usr /home  /tmp -name "*.jar" 2>/dev/null
find downloads  -iname "*.gif"

Ethernet Interfaces

/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0

Static IP

DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
NETWORK=10.0.1.0
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
IPADDR=10.0.1.27
USERCTL=no

DHCP

DEVICE=eth0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
ONBOOT=yes

将YUM指定为光盘
1. 将光盘mount起来：

#mount -o loop rhel-5-server-dvd.iso /media/rhel

#mount -t iso9660 /dev/cdrom /media/cdrom

或者启动系统默认挂载光盘

#vim /etc/fstab
/dev/cdrom     /mdeia/rhel        iso9660   defaults    0 0

2. 创建repo文件

#vim /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-local.repo

[Cluster]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Cluster
baseurl=file:///media/rhel/Cluster
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[ClusterStorage]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - ClusterStorage
baseurl=file:///media/rhel/ClusterStorage
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[Server]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Server
baseurl=file:///media/rhel/Server
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[VT]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - VT
baseurl=file:///media/rhel/VT
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

2.1 RHEL6的YUM配置

[root@rhel6 ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/rhel-source.repo 
[rhel-source]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever - $basearch - Source
#baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/enterprise/$releasever/en/os/SRPMS/
baseurl=file:///media/cdrom/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
#gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release
gpgkey=file:///media/cdrom/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

[rhel-source-beta]
name=Red Hat Enterprise Linux $releasever Beta - $basearch - Source
baseurl=ftp://ftp.redhat.com/pub/redhat/linux/beta/$releasever/en/os/SRPMS/
enabled=0
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-beta,file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-redhat-release

3.

#mkdir -p /var/rhel/{Cluster,ClusterStorage,Server,VT}

4.
生成rpm依赖关系及组信息，在RHEL 5中每个目录下的repodata目录下都有一个repomd.xml，
该文件中就记录了rpm包的依赖关系，还有一个comps-rhel5-*.xml文件，这个文件主要记录分组情况，建立yum仓库时，需要先重建该文件。当然，如果你系统还没有createrepo 命令，你需要安装createrepo 软件包:

# cd /media/rhel/Server
# rpm -ivh createrepo-0.4.11-3.el5.noarch.rpm

#createrepo -o /var/rhel/Cluster -g /media/rhel/Cluster/repodata/comps-rhel5-cluster.xml /media/rhel/Cluster
#createrepo -o /var/rhel/ClusterStorage -g /media/rhel/ClusterStorage/repodata/comps-rhel5-cluster-st.xml /media/rhel/ClusterStorage
#createrepo -o /var/rhel/Server -g /media/rhel/Server/repodata/comps-rhel5-server-core.xml /media/rhel/Server
#createrepo -o /var/rhel/VT -g /media/rhel/VT/repodata/comps-rhel5-vt.xml /media/rhel/VT

5.

#mount --bind /var/rhel/Cluster/repodata /media/rhel/Cluster/repodata
#mount --bind /var/rhel/ClusterStorage/repodata /media/rhel/ClusterStorage/repodata
#mount --bind /var/rhel/Server/repodata /media/rhel/Server/repodata
#mount --bind /var/rhel/VT/repodata /media/rhel/VT/repodata

6. 清除yum缓存

#yum clean all

7. yum的使用技巧：

# yum install [-y ]package

-y：不提示用户确认直接安装

# yum localinstall rpmfile

install与localinstall的区别：install直接通过yum服务器端安装指定包及所有依赖关系，而localinstall是本地已有rpm文件，只要到yum服务器上安装依赖关系。

# yum grouplist

显示所有yum服务器定义的组

# yum groupinstall packagegroup

一次性安装yum服务器上定义的一组包

# yum remove package
# yum groupremove packagegroup
# yum search searcherm

查找yum服务器上所有符合searcherm关键字的内容

# yum list [all]

列出yum服务器所有可用的包

# yum info package
# yum groupinfo grouppackgroup
# yum whatprovides filename

8.关闭服务器的高级电源管理
服务器的高级电源管理可能会造成网络异常，如防火墙模块被卸载等问题：
kernel: Removing netfilter NETLINK layer.

service acpid stop
chkconfig acpid off