Extract into Module

有些代碼我們可以把它們提取出來,這可以方便我們重用這部分代碼.如下面這段:
原文參考:http://rails-bestpractices.com/posts/17-extract-into-module

重構前:

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  validates_presence_of :cellphone
  before_save :parse_cellphone

  def parse_cellphone
    # do something
  end
end

重構后:

module HasCellphone
  def self.included(base)
    base.validates_presence_of :cellphone
    base.before_save :parse_cellphone
  end

  def parse_cellphone
    # do something
  end
end

class User < ActiveRecord::Base
  include HasCellphone
end