Spring事务配置的五种方式

前段时间对Spring的事务配置做了比较深入的研究，在此之间对Spring的事务配置虽说也配置过，但是一直没有一个清楚的认识。通过这次的学习发觉Spring的事务配置只要把思路理清，还是比较好掌握的。

    总结如下：

    Spring配置文件中关于事务配置总是由三个组成部分，分别是DataSource、TransactionManager和代理机制这三部分，无论哪种配置方式，一般变化的只是代理机制这部分。

    DataSource、TransactionManager这两部分只是会根据数据访问方式有所变化，比如使用Hibernate进行数据访问时，DataSource实际为SessionFactory，TransactionManager的实现为HibernateTransactionManager。

    具体如下图：(见附件)

根据代理机制的不同，总结了五种Spring事务的配置方式，配置文件如下：

    第一种方式：每个Bean都有一个代理

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" > 

     < bean  id ="sessionFactory"    
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >    
         < property  name ="configLocation"   value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />    
         < property  name ="configurationClass"   value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   /> 
     </ bean >    

     <!--   定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）  -->    
     < bean  id ="transactionManager" 
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > 
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   /> 
     </ bean > 
     
     <!--   配置DAO  --> 
     < bean  id ="userDaoTarget"   class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" > 
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   /> 
     </ bean > 
     
     < bean  id ="userDao"    
        class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean" >    
            <!--   配置事务管理器  -->    
            < property  name ="transactionManager"   ref ="transactionManager"   />       
         < property  name ="target"   ref ="userDaoTarget"   />    
          < property  name ="proxyInterfaces"   value ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.GeneratorDao"   /> 
         <!--   配置事务属性  -->    
         < property  name ="transactionAttributes" >    
             < props >    
                 < prop  key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop > 
             </ props >    
         </ property >    
     </ bean >    
</ beans > 

    第二种方式：所有Bean共享一个代理基类 

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" > 

     < bean  id ="sessionFactory"    
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >    
         < property  name ="configLocation"   value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />    
         < property  name ="configurationClass"   value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   /> 
     </ bean >    

     <!--   定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）  -->    
     < bean  id ="transactionManager" 
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > 
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   /> 
     </ bean > 
     
     < bean  id ="transactionBase"    
            class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionProxyFactoryBean"    
            lazy-init ="true"   abstract ="true" >    
         <!--   配置事务管理器  -->    
         < property  name ="transactionManager"   ref ="transactionManager"   />    
         <!--   配置事务属性  -->    
         < property  name ="transactionAttributes" >    
             < props >    
                 < prop  key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >    
             </ props >    
         </ property >    
     </ bean >      
    
     <!--   配置DAO  --> 
     < bean  id ="userDaoTarget"   class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" > 
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   /> 
     </ bean > 
     
     < bean  id ="userDao"   parent ="transactionBase"   >    
         < property  name ="target"   ref ="userDaoTarget"   />     
     </ bean > 
</ beans > 

 

第三种方式：使用拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd" > 

     < bean  id ="sessionFactory"    
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >    
         < property  name ="configLocation"   value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />    
         < property  name ="configurationClass"   value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   /> 
     </ bean >    

     <!--   定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）  -->    
     < bean  id ="transactionManager" 
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > 
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   /> 
     </ bean >  
    
     < bean  id ="transactionInterceptor"    
        class ="org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor" >    
         < property  name ="transactionManager"   ref ="transactionManager"   />    
         <!--   配置事务属性  -->    
         < property  name ="transactionAttributes" >    
             < props >    
                 < prop  key ="*" > PROPAGATION_REQUIRED </ prop >    
             </ props >    
         </ property >    
     </ bean > 
       
     < bean  class ="org.springframework.aop.framework.autoproxy.BeanNameAutoProxyCreator" >    
         < property  name ="beanNames" >    
             < list >    
                 < value > *Dao </ value > 
             </ list >    
         </ property >    
         < property  name ="interceptorNames" >    
             < list >    
                 < value > transactionInterceptor </ value >    
             </ list >    
         </ property >    
     </ bean >    
   
     <!--   配置DAO  --> 
     < bean  id ="userDao"   class ="com.bluesky.spring.dao.UserDaoImpl" > 
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   /> 
     </ bean > 
</ beans > 

 

第四种方式：使用tx标签配置的拦截器

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
    xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" > 

     < context:annotation-config  /> 
     < context:component-scan  base-package ="com.bluesky"   /> 

     < bean  id ="sessionFactory"    
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >    
         < property  name ="configLocation"   value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />    
         < property  name ="configurationClass"   value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   /> 
     </ bean >    

     <!--   定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）  -->    
     < bean  id ="transactionManager" 
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > 
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   /> 
     </ bean > 

     < tx:advice  id ="txAdvice"   transaction-manager ="transactionManager" > 
         < tx:attributes > 
             < tx:method  name ="*"   propagation ="REQUIRED"   /> 
         </ tx:attributes > 
     </ tx:advice > 
     
     < aop:config > 
         < aop:pointcut  id ="interceptorPointCuts" 
            expression ="execution(* com.bluesky.spring.dao.*.*(..))"   /> 
         < aop:advisor  advice-ref ="txAdvice" 
            pointcut-ref ="interceptorPointCuts"   />          
     </ aop:config >        
</ beans > 

 

第五种方式：全注解

<? xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?> 
< beans  xmlns ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" 
    xmlns:xsi ="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
    xmlns:context ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context" 
    xmlns:aop ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop" 
    xmlns:tx ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx" 
    xsi:schemaLocation ="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans  
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop-2.5.xsd
           http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx-2.5.xsd" > 

     < context:annotation-config  /> 
     < context:component-scan  base-package ="com.bluesky"   /> 

     < tx:annotation-driven  transaction-manager ="transactionManager" /> 

     < bean  id ="sessionFactory"    
            class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.LocalSessionFactoryBean" >    
         < property  name ="configLocation"   value ="classpath:hibernate.cfg.xml"   />    
         < property  name ="configurationClass"   value ="org.hibernate.cfg.AnnotationConfiguration"   /> 
     </ bean >    

     <!--   定义事务管理器（声明式的事务）  -->    
     < bean  id ="transactionManager" 
        class ="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.HibernateTransactionManager" > 
         < property  name ="sessionFactory"   ref ="sessionFactory"   /> 
     </ bean > 
     
</ beans > 

 

此时在DAO上需加上@Transactional注解，如下：

package   com.bluesky.spring.dao;

import   java.util.List;

import   org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import   org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import   org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.support.HibernateDaoSupport;
import   org.springframework.stereotype.Component;

import   com.bluesky.spring.domain.User;

@Transactional
@Component( " userDao " )
public   class   UserDaoImpl  extends   HibernateDaoSupport  implements   UserDao {

     public   List < User >   listUsers() {
         return   this .getSession().createQuery( " from User " ).list();
    }
     
      
}