MySQL Join详解

还是先 Create table 吧 

  create table emp(
  id int not null primary key,
  name varchar(10)
  ); 

  create table emp_dept(
  dept_id varchar(4) not null,
  emp_id int not null,
  emp_name varchar(10),
  primary key (dept_id,emp_id)); 

  insert into emp() values
  (1,"Dennis-1"),
  (2,"Dennis-2"),
  (3,"Dennis-3"),
  (4,"Dennis-4"),
  (5,"Dennis-5"),
  (6,"Dennis-6"),
  (7,"Dennis-7"),
  (8,"Dennis-8"),
  (9,"Dennis-9"),
  (10,"Dennis-10"); 

  insert into emp_dept() values
  ("R&D",1,"Dennis-1"),
  ("DEv",2,"Dennis-2"),
  ("R&D",3,"Dennis-3"),
  ("Test",4,"Dennis-4"),
  ("Test",5,"Dennis-5");
  >> left join
  -------------
  select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
  from emp a left join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id); 

  # 挑出左边的 table emp 中的所有资料,即使 emp_dept 中没有的资料也挑出来,没有的就用 NULL   来显示,
  # 也即显示资料是以左边的 table emp 中的资料为基础 

  mysql> select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
  -> from emp a left join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id);
  +----+-----------+---------+
  | id | name      | dept_id |
  +----+-----------+---------+
  |  1 | Dennis-1  | R&D     |
  |  2 | Dennis-2  | DEv     |
  |  3 | Dennis-3  | R&D     |
  |  4 | Dennis-4  | Test    |
  |  5 | Dennis-5  | Test    |
  |  6 | Dennis-6  | NULL    |
  |  7 | Dennis-7  | NULL    |
  |  8 | Dennis-8  | NULL    |
  |  9 | Dennis-9  | NULL    |
  | 10 | Dennis-10 | NULL    |
  +----+-----------+---------+
  # 挑出 table emp 中有而 table emp_dept 中没有的人员资料
  select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
  from emp a left join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id)
  where b.dept_id IS NULL; 

  mysql> select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
  -> from emp a left join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id)
  -> where b.dept_id IS NULL;
  +----+-----------+---------+
  | id | name      | dept_id |
  +----+-----------+---------+
  |  6 | Dennis-6  | NULL    |
  |  7 | Dennis-7  | NULL    |
  |  8 | Dennis-8  | NULL    |
  |  9 | Dennis-9  | NULL    |
  | 10 | Dennis-10 | NULL    |
  +----+-----------+---------+ 

  # 把 table emp_dept 放在左边的情形(当然以 emp_dept 中的数据为基础来显示资料,emp 中比emp_dept 中多的资料也就不会显示出来了): 

  select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
  from emp_dept b left join emp a on (a.id=b.emp_id);
  mysql> select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
  -> from emp_dept b left join emp a on (a.id=b.emp_id);
  +------+----------+---------+
  | id   | name     | dept_id |
  +------+----------+---------+
  |    2 | Dennis-2 | DEv     |
  |    1 | Dennis-1 | R&D     |
  |    3 | Dennis-3 | R&D     |
  |    4 | Dennis-4 | Test    |
  |    5 | Dennis-5 | Test    |
  +------+----------+---------+ 

  >> right join
  ---------------
  select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
  from emp a right join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id);
  # 挑资料时以右边 table emp_dept 中的资料为基础来显示资料 

  mysql> select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
  -> from emp a right join emp_dept b on (a.id=b.emp_id); 

  +------+----------+---------+
  | id   | name     | dept_id |
  +------+----------+---------+
  |    2 | Dennis-2 | DEv     |
  |    1 | Dennis-1 | R&D     |
  |    3 | Dennis-3 | R&D     |
  |    4 | Dennis-4 | Test    |
  |    5 | Dennis-5 | Test    |
  +------+----------+---------+
  5 rows in set (0.00 sec) 

  # 我们再把 table 的位置交换一下,再用 right join 试试 

  select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
  from emp_dept b right join emp a on (a.id=b.emp_id); 

  mysql> select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
  -> from emp_dept b right join emp a on (a.id=b.emp_id);
  +----+-----------+---------+
  | id | name      | dept_id |
  +----+-----------+---------+
  |  1 | Dennis-1  | R&D     |
  |  2 | Dennis-2  | DEv     |
  |  3 | Dennis-3  | R&D     |
  |  4 | Dennis-4  | Test    |
  |  5 | Dennis-5  | Test    |
  |  6 | Dennis-6  | NULL    |
  |  7 | Dennis-7  | NULL    |
  |  8 | Dennis-8  | NULL    |
  |  9 | Dennis-9  | NULL    |
  | 10 | Dennis-10 | NULL    |
  +----+-----------+---------+ 

  # 是不是和 left join 一样了? 

  >> direct join
  --------------
  # 如果用right join 同不用 Join 直接挑资料是相同的,它等介於以下的指令 

  select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
  from emp a ,emp_dept b 
  where a.id=b.emp_id; 

  mysql> select a.id,a.name,b.dept_id
  -> from emp a ,emp_dept b
  -> where a.id=b.emp_id;
  +----+----------+---------+
  | id | name     | dept_id |
  +----+----------+---------+
  |  2 | Dennis-2 | DEv     |
  |  1 | Dennis-1 | R&D     |
  |  3 | Dennis-3 | R&D     |
  |  4 | Dennis-4 | Test    |
  |  5 | Dennis-5 | Test    |
  +----+----------+---------+ 

  怎样,弄明白了吗? 

  Enjoy it!