httpclient关于https的使用

用了大半天时间才了解如何使用httpclient来进行https访问，现记录，已备后忘。 

httpclient完全支持ssl连接方式。通常，如果不需要进行客户端认证和服务器端认证的ssl连接，httpclient的处理方式是和 http方式完全一样。 

现在这里是讲的是需要客户端认证数字证书时的httpclient处理方式（因为需要客户端认证时，连接会被主动关闭）。 

1。使用ie访问你要连结的url地址，这时你会看到弹出一个询问是否继续和服务器建立连接的对话框（安全警报）。选择“查看证书”->“详 细信息”->“复制文件到”导出数字证书（例： server.cer或server.crt）。 

2。使用导出的数字证书来创建你的keystore 

keytool -import -alias "my server cert" -file server.cer -keystore my.truststore 

keytool -genkey -v -alias "my client key" -validity 365 -keystore my.keystore 

3。在引入AuthSSLProtocolSocketFactory.java，AuthSSLX509TrustManager.java和 AuthSSLInitializationError后在你的代码里按下面的例子里来进行ssl连接 

 

Protocol authhttps = new Protocol("https",   
    new AuthSSLProtocolSocketFactory( 
        new URL("file:my.keystore"), "mypassword", 
        new URL("file:my.truststore"), "mypassword"), 8443); 
HttpClient client = new HttpClient(); 
client.getHostConfiguration().setHost("sh.12530", 8443, authhttps); 

/*只能使用相对路径*/ 
GetMethod httpget = new GetMethod("/"); 
client.executeMethod(httpget); 

 

 

 

附录： 

 

AuthSSLInitializationError.java 

public class AuthSSLInitializationError extends Error { 
    /**
     * 构招一个AuthSSLInitializationError实例
     */
    public AuthSSLInitializationError() {
        super();
    } 

    /**
     * 用指定信息构造一个AuthSSLInitializationError实例
     * @param message
     */
    public AuthSSLInitializationError(String message) {
        super(message);
    }
}

 

AuthSSLX509TrustManager.java

import java.security.cert.X509Certificate; 

import com.sun.net.ssl.X509TrustManager;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; 
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; 

public class AuthSSLX509TrustManager implements X509TrustManager
{
    private X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager = null; 

    /** Log object for this class. */
    private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(AuthSSLX509TrustManager.class); 

    /**
     * Constructor for AuthSSLX509TrustManager.
     */
    public AuthSSLX509TrustManager(final X509TrustManager defaultTrustManager) {
        super();
        if (defaultTrustManager == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Trust manager may not be null");
        }
        this.defaultTrustManager = defaultTrustManager;
    } 

    /**
     * @see com.sun.net.ssl.X509TrustManager#isClientTrusted(X509Certificate[])
     */
    public boolean isClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] certificates) {
        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled() && certificates != null) {
            for (int c = 0; c < certificates.length; c++) {
                X509Certificate cert = certificates[c];
                LOG.info(" Client certificate " + (c + 1) + ":");
                LOG.info("  Subject DN: " + cert.getSubjectDN());
                LOG.info("  Signature Algorithm: " + cert.getSigAlgName());
                LOG.info("  Valid from: " + cert.getNotBefore() );
                LOG.info("  Valid until: " + cert.getNotAfter());
                LOG.info("  Issuer: " + cert.getIssuerDN());
            }
        }
        return this.defaultTrustManager.isClientTrusted(certificates);
    } 

    /**
     * @see com.sun.net.ssl.X509TrustManager#isServerTrusted(X509Certificate[])
     */
    public boolean isServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] certificates) {
        if (LOG.isInfoEnabled() && certificates != null) {
            for (int c = 0; c < certificates.length; c++) {
                X509Certificate cert = certificates[c];
                LOG.info(" Server certificate " + (c + 1) + ":");
                LOG.info("  Subject DN: " + cert.getSubjectDN());
                LOG.info("  Signature Algorithm: " + cert.getSigAlgName());
                LOG.info("  Valid from: " + cert.getNotBefore() );
                LOG.info("  Valid until: " + cert.getNotAfter());
                LOG.info("  Issuer: " + cert.getIssuerDN());
            }
        }
        return this.defaultTrustManager.isServerTrusted(certificates);
    } 

    /**
     * @see com.sun.net.ssl.X509TrustManager#getAcceptedIssuers()
     */
    public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
        return this.defaultTrustManager.getAcceptedIssuers();
    }
} 

 

AuthSSLProtocolSocketFactory .java

import java.io.IOException;
import java.net.InetAddress;
import java.net.Socket;
import java.net.URL;
import java.net.UnknownHostException;
import java.security.GeneralSecurityException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
import java.security.cert.Certificate;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;
import java.security.cert.X509Certificate;
import java.util.Enumeration; 

import org.apache.commons.httpclient.ConnectTimeoutException;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.params.HttpConnectionParams;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.ControllerThreadSocketFactory;
import org.apache.commons.httpclient.protocol.SecureProtocolSocketFactory;
import org.apache.commons.logging.Log; 
import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory; 

import com.sun.net.ssl.KeyManager;
import com.sun.net.ssl.KeyManagerFactory;
import com.sun.net.ssl.SSLContext;
import com.sun.net.ssl.TrustManager;
import com.sun.net.ssl.TrustManagerFactory;
import com.sun.net.ssl.X509TrustManager; 

public class AuthSSLProtocolSocketFactory implements SecureProtocolSocketFactory { 

    /** Log object for this class. */
    private static final Log LOG = LogFactory.getLog(AuthSSLProtocolSocketFactory.class); 

    private URL keystoreUrl = null;
    private String keystorePassword = null;
    private URL truststoreUrl = null;
    private String truststorePassword = null;
    private SSLContext sslcontext = null; 

    /**
     * Constructor for AuthSSLProtocolSocketFactory. Either a keystore or truststore file
     * must be given. Otherwise SSL context initialization error will result.
     * 
     * @param keystoreUrl URL of the keystore file. May be <tt>null</tt> if HTTPS client
     *        authentication is not to be used.
     * @param keystorePassword Password to unlock the keystore. IMPORTANT: this implementation
     *        assumes that the same password is used to protect the key and the keystore itself.
     * @param truststoreUrl URL of the truststore file. May be <tt>null</tt> if HTTPS server
     *        authentication is not to be used.
     * @param truststorePassword Password to unlock the truststore.
     */
    public AuthSSLProtocolSocketFactory(
        final URL keystoreUrl, final String keystorePassword, 
        final URL truststoreUrl, final String truststorePassword)
    {
        super();
        this.keystoreUrl = keystoreUrl;
        this.keystorePassword = keystorePassword;
        this.truststoreUrl = truststoreUrl;
        this.truststorePassword = truststorePassword;
    } 

    private static KeyStore createKeyStore(final URL url, final String password) 
        throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, CertificateException, IOException
    {
        if (url == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Keystore url may not be null");
        }
        LOG.debug("Initializing key store");
        KeyStore keystore  = KeyStore.getInstance("jks");
        keystore.load(url.openStream(), password != null ? password.toCharArray(): null);
        return keystore;
    }
    
    private static KeyManager[] createKeyManagers(final KeyStore keystore, final String password)
        throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException, UnrecoverableKeyException 
    {
        if (keystore == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Keystore may not be null");
        }
        LOG.debug("Initializing key manager");
        KeyManagerFactory kmfactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance(
            KeyManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
        kmfactory.init(keystore, password != null ? password.toCharArray(): null);
        return kmfactory.getKeyManagers(); 
    } 

    private static TrustManager[] createTrustManagers(final KeyStore keystore)
        throws KeyStoreException, NoSuchAlgorithmException
    { 
        if (keystore == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Keystore may not be null");
        }
        LOG.debug("Initializing trust manager");
        TrustManagerFactory tmfactory = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance(
            TrustManagerFactory.getDefaultAlgorithm());
        tmfactory.init(keystore);
        TrustManager[] trustmanagers = tmfactory.getTrustManagers();
        for (int i = 0; i < trustmanagers.length; i++) {
            if (trustmanagers[i] instanceof X509TrustManager) {
                trustmanagers[i] = new AuthSSLX509TrustManager(
                    (X509TrustManager)trustmanagers[i]); 
            }
        }
        return trustmanagers; 
    } 

    private SSLContext createSSLContext() {
        try {
            KeyManager[] keymanagers = null;
            TrustManager[] trustmanagers = null;
            if (this.keystoreUrl != null) {
                KeyStore keystore = createKeyStore(this.keystoreUrl, this.keystorePassword);
                if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    Enumeration aliases = keystore.aliases();
                    while (aliases.hasMoreElements()) {
                        String alias = (String)aliases.nextElement();                        
                        Certificate[] certs = keystore.getCertificateChain(alias);
                        if (certs != null) {
                            LOG.debug("Certificate chain '" + alias + "':");
                            for (int c = 0; c < certs.length; c++) {
                                if (certs[c] instanceof X509Certificate) {
                                    X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate)certs[c];
                                    LOG.debug(" Certificate " + (c + 1) + ":");
                                    LOG.debug("  Subject DN: " + cert.getSubjectDN());
                                    LOG.debug("  Signature Algorithm: " + cert.getSigAlgName());
                                    LOG.debug("  Valid from: " + cert.getNotBefore() );
                                    LOG.debug("  Valid until: " + cert.getNotAfter());
                                    LOG.debug("  Issuer: " + cert.getIssuerDN());
                                }
                            }
                        }
                    }
                }
                keymanagers = createKeyManagers(keystore, this.keystorePassword);
            }
            if (this.truststoreUrl != null) {
                KeyStore keystore = createKeyStore(this.truststoreUrl, this.truststorePassword);
                if (LOG.isDebugEnabled()) {
                    Enumeration aliases = keystore.aliases();
                    while (aliases.hasMoreElements()) {
                        String alias = (String)aliases.nextElement();
                        LOG.debug("Trusted certificate '" + alias + "':");
                        Certificate trustedcert = keystore.getCertificate(alias);
                        if (trustedcert != null && trustedcert instanceof X509Certificate) {
                            X509Certificate cert = (X509Certificate)trustedcert;
                            LOG.debug("  Subject DN: " + cert.getSubjectDN());
                            LOG.debug("  Signature Algorithm: " + cert.getSigAlgName());
                            LOG.debug("  Valid from: " + cert.getNotBefore() );
                            LOG.debug("  Valid until: " + cert.getNotAfter());
                            LOG.debug("  Issuer: " + cert.getIssuerDN());
                        }
                    }
                }
                trustmanagers = createTrustManagers(keystore);
            }
            SSLContext sslcontext = SSLContext.getInstance("SSL");
            sslcontext.init(keymanagers, trustmanagers, null);
            return sslcontext;
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException e) {
            LOG.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            throw new AuthSSLInitializationError("Unsupported algorithm exception: " + e.getMessage());
        } catch (KeyStoreException e) {
            LOG.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            throw new AuthSSLInitializationError("Keystore exception: " + e.getMessage());
        } catch (GeneralSecurityException e) {
            LOG.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            throw new AuthSSLInitializationError("Key management exception: " + e.getMessage());
        } catch (IOException e) {
            LOG.error(e.getMessage(), e);
            throw new AuthSSLInitializationError("I/O error reading keystore/truststore file: " + e.getMessage());
        }
    } 

    private SSLContext getSSLContext() {
        if (this.sslcontext == null) {
            this.sslcontext = createSSLContext();
        }
        return this.sslcontext;
    } 

    /**
     * Attempts to get a new socket connection to the given host within the given time limit.
     * <p>
     * To circumvent the limitations of older JREs that do not support connect timeout a 
     * controller thread is executed. The controller thread attempts to create a new socket 
     * within the given limit of time. If socket constructor does not return until the 
     * timeout expires, the controller terminates and throws an {@link ConnectTimeoutException}
     * </p>
     *  
     * @param host the host name/IP
     * @param port the port on the host
     * @param clientHost the local host name/IP to bind the socket to
     * @param clientPort the port on the local machine
     * @param params {@link HttpConnectionParams Http connection parameters}
     * 
     * @return Socket a new socket
     * 
     * @throws IOException if an I/O error occurs while creating the socket
     * @throws UnknownHostException if the IP address of the host cannot be
     * determined
     */
    public Socket createSocket(
        final String host,
        final int port,
        final InetAddress localAddress,
        final int localPort,
        final HttpConnectionParams params
    ) throws IOException, UnknownHostException, ConnectTimeoutException {
        if (params == null) {
            throw new IllegalArgumentException("Parameters may not be null");
        }
        int timeout = params.getConnectionTimeout();
        if (timeout == 0) {
            return createSocket(host, port, localAddress, localPort);
        } else {
            // To be eventually deprecated when migrated to Java 1.4 or above
            return ControllerThreadSocketFactory.createSocket(
                    this, host, port, localAddress, localPort, timeout);
        }
    } 

    /**
     * @see SecureProtocolSocketFactory#createSocket(java.lang.String,int,java.net.InetAddress,int)
     */
    public Socket createSocket(
        String host,
        int port,
        InetAddress clientHost,
        int clientPort)
        throws IOException, UnknownHostException
   {
       return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(
            host,
            port,
            clientHost,
            clientPort
        );
    } 

    /**
     * @see SecureProtocolSocketFactory#createSocket(java.lang.String,int)
     */
    public Socket createSocket(String host, int port)
        throws IOException, UnknownHostException
    {
        return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(
            host,
            port
        );
    } 

    /**
     * @see SecureProtocolSocketFactory#createSocket(java.net.Socket,java.lang.String,int,boolean)
     */
    public Socket createSocket(
        Socket socket,
        String host,
        int port,
        boolean autoClose)
        throws IOException, UnknownHostException
    {
        return getSSLContext().getSocketFactory().createSocket(
            socket,
            host,
            port,
            autoClose
        );
    }
}