hibernate注释

注解映射必须满足两大条件：Hibernate3.2以上版本和JSEE 5。

@Entity 类注释，所有要持久化的类都要有

Java代码

@Entity  

public class Org implements java.io.Serializable {   

}

@Entitypublic class Org implements java.io.Serializable {}

@Id 主键

Java代码

@Id  

     @GeneratedValue  

     private String orgId;   

     private String orgName;

@Id @GeneratedValue private String orgId; private String orgName;

@Column(name="...") 该属性对应表中的字段是什么，没有name表示一样

@Table 对象与表映射

@UniqueConstraint 唯一约束

@Version 方法和字段级，乐观锁用法，返回数字和timestamp，数字为首选

@Transient 暂态属性，表示不需要处理

@Basic 最基本的注释。有两个属性：fetch是否延迟加载，optional是否允许null

@Enumerated 枚举类型

@Temporal 日期转换。默认转换Timestamp

@Lob 通常与@Basic同时使用，提高访问速度。

@Embeddable 类级，表可嵌入的

@Embedded 方法字段级，表被嵌入的对象和@Embeddable一起使用

@AttributeOverrides 属性重写

@AttributeOverride 属性重写的内容和@AttributeOverrides一起嵌套使用

@SecondaryTables 多个表格映射

@SecondaryTable 定义辅助表格映射和@SecondaryTables一起嵌套使用

@GeneratedValue 标识符生成策略，默认Auto

表与表关系映射

@OneToOne：一对一映射。它包含五个属性：

targetEntity:关联的目标类

Cascade:持久化时的级联操作，默认没有

fetch:获取对象的方式，默认EAGER

Optional:目标对象是否允许为null，默认允许

mappedBy:定义双向关联中的从属类。

单向：

@JoinColumn:定义外键(主表会多一字段，做外键)

@OneToMany：一对多映射；@ManyToOne：多对一映射

单向一对多：

@OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)

@JoinColumn(name="book_oid")/**book：表；oid：book表的主键；无name会按此规则自动生成*/

单向多对一：

@ManyToOne(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)

@JoinColumn(name="author_oid")

关联表格一对多：

@OneToMany(cascade=CascadeType.ALL)

@JoinTable(joinColumn={@JoinColumn(name="BOOK_OBJECT_OID")},inverseJoinColumns={@JoinColumn(name="AUTHER_OBJECT_OID")})

双向一对多或多对一：

不需要多一张表，只是使用mappedBy:使用在One一方，值为One方类名表示Many的从属类。

Java代码

@Entity  

public class Org implements java.io.Serializable {   

  

  

    // Fields       

    @Id  

    @GeneratedValue  

     private String orgId;   

     private String orgName;   

     @OneToMany(mappedBy = "org")   

     private List<Department> departments;   

  

    // Constructors   

...   

    // Property accessors   

...   

}

@Entitypublic class Org implements java.io.Serializable { // Fields @Id @GeneratedValue private String orgId; private String orgName; @OneToMany(mappedBy = "org") private List<Department> departments; // Constructors... // Property accessors...}

Java代码

@Entity  

public class Department implements java.io.Serializable {   

  

  

    // Fields       

    @Id  

    @GeneratedValue  

     private String id;   

     private String name;   

     @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.EAGER)   

     @JoinColumn(name="org_orgId")   

     private Org org;   

     @OneToMany(mappedBy = "department")   

     private List<Employee> employees;   

  

    // Constructors   

  

    public List<Employee> getEmployees() {   

        return employees;   

    }   

  

    public void setEmployees(List<Employee> employees) {   

        this.employees = employees;   

    }   

  

    public Org getOrg() {   

        return org;   

    }   

  

    public void setOrg(Org org) {   

        this.org = org;   

    }   

  

    /** default constructor */  

             .   

             .   

             .   

       

}

@Entitypublic class Department implements java.io.Serializable { // Fields @Id @GeneratedValue private String id; private String name; @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.EAGER) @JoinColumn(name="org_orgId") private Org org; @OneToMany(mappedBy = "department") private List<Employee> employees; // Constructors public List<Employee> getEmployees() { return employees; } public void setEmployees(List<Employee> employees) { this.employees = employees; } public Org getOrg() { return org; } public void setOrg(Org org) { this.org = org; } /** default constructor */ . . . }

Java代码

@Entity  

public class Employee implements java.io.Serializable {   

  

  

    // Fields       

    @Id  

    @GeneratedValue  

     private String employeeId;   

     private String employeeName;   

     private String passWord;   

     private Integer age;   

     private Integer sex;   

     @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.EAGER)   

     @JoinColumn(name="department_id")   

     private Department department;   

  

        

    public Department getDepartment() {   

        return department;   

    }   

  

    public void setDepartment(Department department) {   

        this.department = department;   

    }   

  

    /** default constructor */  

    ...   

    // Property accessors   

    ...   

}

@Entitypublic class Employee implements java.io.Serializable { // Fields @Id @GeneratedValue private String employeeId; private String employeeName; private String passWord; private Integer age; private Integer sex; @ManyToOne(fetch=FetchType.EAGER) @JoinColumn(name="department_id") private Department department; public Department getDepartment() { return department; } public void setDepartment(Department department) { this.department = department; } /** default constructor */ ... // Property accessors ...}

双向多对多：@ManyToMany.单向多对多这里不在赘述（没有太多实际意义）

这个比较简单，看下代码就明白了：

Java代码

@Entity  

public class Book implements java.io.Serializable {   

    @Id  

    private int id;   

    private String name;   

    private float money;   

    @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL)   

    private List<Author> authors;   

       

  

    public List<Author> getAuthors() {   

        return authors;   

    }   

    public void setAuthors(List<Author> authors) {   

        this.authors = authors;   

    }   

       

         ...   

}

@Entitypublic class Book implements java.io.Serializable { @Id private int id; private String name; private float money; @ManyToMany(cascade = CascadeType.ALL) private List<Author> authors; public List<Author> getAuthors() { return authors; } public void setAuthors(List<Author> authors) { this.authors = authors; } ...}

Java代码

@Entity  

public class Author implements java.io.Serializable {   

    @Id  

    private int id;   

    private String name;   

    private int age;   

    @ManyToMany(mappedBy="authors")   

    private List<Book> books;   

       

  

    public List<Book> getBooks() {   

        return books;   

    }   

  

    public void setBooks(List<Book> books) {   

        this.books = books;   

    }   

  

         ...   

}

@Entitypublic class Author implements java.io.Serializable { @Id private int id; private String name; private int age; @ManyToMany(mappedBy="authors") private List<Book> books; public List<Book> getBooks() { return books; } public void setBooks(List<Book> books) { this.books = books; } ...}

需要注意的是：注释最好加在属性上，不要加在get方法上，那样做有时候就会出错。比如:@ManyToMany的时候就会报错！



注意import javax.xx.Entity ，而不是org.hibernate.xx.Entity。 

Descn属性不存在于数据库中，用@Transient 注明 

------------------------------------------ 

1,需要: Hibernate库文件,Hibernate Annotations库,ejb3-persstence.jar(Java 持久化API) 

sessionFactory=new AnnotationConfiguration().buildSessionFactory(); 

------------------------------------------ 

2,<bean id="sessionFactory" class="org.springframework.orm.hibernate3.annotation.AnnotationSessionFactoryBean"> 

     <property name="annotatedClasses"> 

      <list> 

        <value>com.onjava.modelplanes.domain.PlaneType</value> 

      </list> 

     </property> 

</bean> 

------------------------------------------ 

1,@Entity 

@Table(name = "teacher_info") 

@IdClass(UUIDHexGenerator.class)  

public class UserMember implements java.io.Serializable 

2,@entity通过getters/setters方法访问，或直接访问他的成员变量。 

@Entity(access = AccessType.PROPERTY) 

@Entity(access = AccessType.FIELD) 

------------------------------------------ 

映射标识符 

1,@Id 

@GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO) 

private String id; 

2,@Id(generate=GeneratorType.SEQUENCE, generator='SEQ_STORE') 

3,@Id(generate=GeneratorType.IDENTITY) 

------------------------------------------ 

映射属性 

1,@Transient 

2,@Column(name="PLANE_ID", length=80, nullable=true) 

3,@Basic(fetch = FetchType.LAZY) 

4,@Serialized 凡标识@Serialized的属性将被序列化 

public Country getCountry() { ... } 

5,@Lob标识了存储对象可能是个CLOB或者BLOB。 

@Lob(type=LobType.CLOB) 

public String getFullText(){return fullText;} 

@Lob(type = LobType.BLOB) 

public byte[] getFullCode() {return fullCode;} 

@Version 定义乐观锁机制使用 

------------------------------------------ 

关联关系: 

一、一对一: 

1,@OneToOne(mappedBy = "address")     

public User getUser() {     

      return user;     

}    

1、两边都定义了@OneToOne，但都没有定义mappedBy,则user和address表都会生成到对方的外键，双方都是这个关系的拥有者。  

2、两边都定义了@OneToOne，如果user定义了mappedBy，则在address表生成到user的外键，address是这个关系的拥有者；如果address定义 

了mappedBy，则在user表生成到address的外键，user是这个关系的拥有者。 

 

二、一对多,多对一: 

2,@ManyToOne( cascade = {CascadeType.PERSIST, CascadeType.MERGE} ) 

3,@OneToMany(mappedBy="planeType",cascade=CascadeType.ALL, fetch=FetchType.EAGER) 

@OrderBy("name") 

public List<ModelPlane> getModelPlanes() { 

    return modelPlanes; 

} 

其中定义mappedBy的是@OneToMany,也就是说One这一方是关系的拥有者。Many一方的表中生成到关联类的外键。  

 

三、@ManyToMany   

private Set authors = new HashSet<Author>();     

@ManyToMany    

public Set<Author> getAuthors(){     

return authors;     

}      

    

private Set books = new HashSet<Book>();      

@ManyToMany(mappedBy="authors")     

public Set<Book> getBooks(){     

return books;     

}     

@ManyToMany会生成中间表，具体表名和字段可以通过@AssociationTable来定义，默认的就可以了，同样关系的非拥有者，需要定义mappedBy属性。 

------------------------------------------ 

命名查询 

你也可以通过注解,利用@NameQueries和@NameQuery注解,如下: 

@NamedQueries( 

{  

@NamedQuery(name="planeType.findAll",query="select p from PlaneType p" ), 

@NamedQuery(name="planeType.delete",query="delete from PlaneType where id=:id" ) 

} 

) 

------------------------------------------ 

内嵌对象（组件） 

@Embedded({ 

   @AttributeOverride(name='iso2', column = @Column(name='bornIso2') ), 

   @AttributeOverride(name='name', column = @Column(name='bornCountryName') ) 

         }) 

    Country bornIn; 

    ... 

} 

 

@Embeddable(access = AccessType.FIELD) 

public class Address implements Serializable { 

    String city; 

    Country nationality; 

} 

 

 

@Embeddable 

public class Country implements Serializable { 

    private String iso2; 

    private String name; 

 

    public String getIso2() { return iso2; } 

    public void setIso2(String iso2) { this.iso2 = iso2; } 

 

    @Column(name='countryName') 

    public String getName() { return name; } 

    public void setName(String name) { this.name = name; } 

    ... 

} 

------------------------------------------ 

自定义的主键生成策略 

@javax.persistence.GeneratedIdTable( 

   name='GEN_TABLE', 

table = @Table(name='GENERATOR_TABLE'), 

    pkColumnName = 'key', 

      valueColumnName = 'hi' 

) 

 

@javax.persistence.TableGenerator( 

    name='EMP_GEN', 

    tableName='GEN_TABLE', 

    pkColumnValue='EMP', 

    allocationSize=20 

) 

@javax.persistence.SequenceGenerator( 

    name='SEQ_GEN', 

    sequenceName='my_sequence' 

) 

package org.hibernate.test.metadata; 



school和userMember是一对多关系

import javax.persistence.CascadeType;  

import javax.persistence.Column;  

import javax.persistence.Entity;  

import javax.persistence.FetchType;  

import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;  

import javax.persistence.Id;  

import javax.persistence.OneToMany;  

import javax.persistence.Table;  

import javax.persistence.Temporal;  

import javax.persistence.TemporalType;  

  

import org.hibernate.annotations.Formula;  

import org.hibernate.annotations.GenericGenerator;  

  

@Entity  

@Table(name = "school_info")  

public class SchoolInfo implements java.io.Serializable {  

  

    @Id  

    @GeneratedValue(generator = "system-uuid")  

    @GenericGenerator(name = "system-uuid", strategy = "uuid")  

    private String id;//hibernate的uuid机制,生成32为字符串  

  

    @Column(name = "actcodeId", updatable = false, nullable = true, length = 36)  

    private String actcodeId;  

  

    @Formula("select COUNT(*) from school_info")  

    private int count;  

  

    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)//不用set,hibernate会自动把当前时间写入  

    @Column(updatable = false, length = 20)  

    private Date createTime;  

  

    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)  

    private Date updateTime;// 刚开始我默认insertable=false,但会读取出错提示如下:  

    // Value '0000-00-00' can not be represented as java.sql.Timestamp  

  

    // mappedBy="school"就相当于inverse=true,(mappedBy指定的是不需要维护关系的一端)  

    // 应该注意的是mappedBy值对应@ManyToOne标注的属性,我刚开始写成"schoolId",让我郁闷了好一会

    @OneToMany(mappedBy = "school", cascade = CascadeType.ALL, fetch = FetchType.EAGER, targetEntity = UserMember.class)  

    // 用范性的话,就不用targetEntity了  

    private List users = new ArrayList();  

      

}  

@GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.AUTO)我们常用的自增长机制,我这里采用的是hibernate的uuid生成机制.

需要注意的是import javax.xx.Entity ，而不是org.hibernate.xx.Entity。

郁闷的是我上面用到@Formula,生成的sql竟然是'select COUNT(*) from school_info as formula0_ from school_info schoolinfo0_,当然不能执行了,寻求正解中~!!!!!!!!!

UserMember.java(前面引入的包已经贴过了,下面就不贴了)



@Entity  

@Table(name = "teacher_info")//实体类和数据库表名不一致时,才用这个  

public class UserMember implements java.io.Serializable {  

  

    @Id  

    @GeneratedValue(generator = "system-uuid")  

    @GenericGenerator(name = "system-uuid", strategy = "uuid")  

    private String id;  

  

    @Column(updatable = false, nullable = false, length = 20)  

    private String logonName;  

      

    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)  

    @Column(updatable = false, length = 20)  

    private Date createTime;  

  

    @Temporal(TemporalType.TIMESTAMP)  

    private Date updateTime;  

  

    @ManyToOne(cascade = { CascadeType.MERGE })  

    @JoinColumn(name = "schoolId")  

    private SchoolInfo school;  

    //注意该类就不用声明schoolId属性了,如果不用@JoinColumn指明关联的字段,hibernate默认会是school_id.