Django snippet: Views and URLconfs

以下代碼節錄自 Django Book - Chapter 3 & 8

default in django:

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

# Uncomment the next two lines to enable the admin:
# from django.contrib import admin
# admin.autodiscover()

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # Example:
    # (r'^mysite/', include('mysite.foo.urls')),

    # Uncomment the admin/doc line below and add 'django.contrib.admindocs'
    # to INSTALLED_APPS to enable admin documentation:
    # (r'^admin/doc/', include('django.contrib.admindocs.urls')),

    # Uncomment the next line to enable the admin:
    # (r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
)

use imported function:

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite.views import hello, current_datetime

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    ('^hello/$', hello),
    ('^time/$', current_datetime),
)

use views.py:

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^hello/$', views.hello),
    (r'^time/$', views.current_datetime),
    (r'^time/plus/(d{1,2})/$', views.hours_ahead),
)

use by string:

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^hello/$', 'mysite.views.hello'),
    (r'^time/$', 'mysite.views.current_datetime'),
    (r'^time/plus/(d{1,2})/$', 'mysite.views.hours_ahead'),
)

urlpatterns = patterns('mysite.views',
    (r'^hello/$', 'hello'),
    (r'^time/$', 'current_datetime'),
    (r'^time/plus/(d{1,2})/$', 'hours_ahead'),
)

mutiple:

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('mysite.views',
    (r'^hello/$', 'hello'),
    (r'^time/$', 'current_datetime'),
    (r'^time/plus/(\d{1,2})/$', 'hours_ahead'),
)

urlpatterns += patterns('weblog.views',
    (r'^tag/(\w+)/$', 'tag'),
)

special-casing URLs:

from django.conf import settings
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^$', views.homepage),
    (r'^(\d{4})/([a-z]{3})/$', views.archive_month),
)

if settings.DEBUG:
    urlpatterns += patterns('',
        (r'^debuginfo/$', views.debug),
    )

use named group:

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^articles/(?P<year>\d{4})/$', views.year_archive),
    (r'^articles/(?P<year>\d{4})/(?P<month>\d{2})/$', views.month_archive),
)

#the same request would result in this function call:
views.month_archive(request, year='2006', month='03')

Passing Extra Options to View Functions(1):

# urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^(foo)/$', views.foobar_view),
    (r'^(bar)/$', views.foobar_view),
)

# views.py

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from mysite.models import MyModel

def foobar_view(request, url):
    m_list = MyModel.objects.filter(is_new=True)
    if url == 'foo':
        template_name = 'template1.html'
    elif url == 'bar':
        template_name = 'template2.html'
    return render_to_response(template_name, {'m_list': m_list})

Passing Extra Options to View Functions(2):

# urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^foo/$', views.foobar_view, {'template_name': 'template1.html'}),
    (r'^bar/$', views.foobar_view, {'template_name': 'template2.html'}),
)

# views.py

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response
from mysite.models import MyModel

def foobar_view(request, template_name):
    m_list = MyModel.objects.filter(is_new=True)
    return render_to_response(template_name, {'m_list': m_list})

Faking Captured URLconf Values:

#/mydata/jan/01/
#/mydata/jan/02/
#/mydata/jan/03/
## ...
#/mydata/dec/30/
#/mydata/dec/31/

# URLconf
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^mydata/(?P<month>\w{3})/(?P<day>\d\d)/$', views.my_view),
)

# view function
def my_view(request, month, day):
    # ....

Making a View Generic:

# urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import models, views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^events/$', views.object_list, {'model': models.Event}),
    (r'^blog/entries/$', views.object_list, {'model': models.BlogEntry}),
)

# views.py

from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

def object_list(request, model):
    obj_list = model.objects.all()
    template_name = 'mysite/%s_list.html' % model.__name__.lower()
    return render_to_response(template_name, {'object_list': obj_list})

View Configuration Options:

def my_view(request, template_name):
    var = do_something()
    return render_to_response(template_name, {'var': var})

# default value
def my_view(request, template_name='mysite/my_view.html'):
    var = do_something()
    return render_to_response(template_name, {'var': var})

Using Default View Arguments

# urls.py

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^blog/$', views.page),
    (r'^blog/page(?P<num>\d+)/$', views.page),
)

# views.py

def page(request, num='1'):
    # Output the appropriate page of blog entries, according to num.
    # ...

Special-Casing Views

#URLpattern
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # ...
    ('^([^/]+)/([^/]+)/add/$', views.add_stage),
    # ...
)

# views.py
def add_stage(request, app_label, model_name):
    if app_label == 'auth' and model_name == 'user':
        # do special-case code
    else:
        # do normal code

# more elegant solution:
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # ...
    ('^auth/user/add/$', views.user_add_stage),
    ('^([^/]+)/([^/]+)/add/$', views.add_stage),
    # ...
)

Capturing Text in URLs:

# urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^articles/(\d{4})/(\d{2})/(\d{2})/$', views.day_archive),
)

# views.py
import datetime

def day_archive(request, year, month, day):
    date = datetime.date(int(year), int(month), int(day))

Higher-Level Abstractions of View Functions

# views.py
from django.http import Http404, HttpResponseRedirect
from django.shortcuts import render_to_response

# old solution:
def method_splitter(request, GET=None, POST=None):
    if request.method == 'GET' and GET is not None:
        return GET(request)
    elif request.method == 'POST' and POST is not None:
        return POST(request)
    raise Http404

# better solution:
# using pop() with a default value of None to avoid KeyError if one or the other isn’t defined.
def method_splitter(request, *args, **kwargs):
    get_view = kwargs.pop('GET', None)
    post_view = kwargs.pop('POST', None)
    if request.method == 'GET' and get_view is not None:
        return get_view(request, *args, **kwargs)
    elif request.method == 'POST' and post_view is not None:
        return post_view(request, *args, **kwargs)
    raise Http404

def some_page_get(request):
    assert request.method == 'GET'
    do_something_for_get()
    return render_to_response('page.html')

def some_page_post(request):
    assert request.method == 'POST'
    do_something_for_post()
    return HttpResponseRedirect('/someurl/')

# urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite import views

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    # ...
    (r'^somepage/$', views.method_splitter, {'GET': views.some_page_get, 'POST': views.some_page_post}),
    # ...
)

Python function parameter

def foo(*args, **kwargs):
    print "Positional arguments are:"
    print args
    print "Keyword arguments are:"
    print kwargs

foo(1, 2, 3)
#Positional arguments are:
#(1, 2, 3)
#Keyword arguments are:
#{}

foo(1, 2, name='Adrian', framework='Django')
#Positional arguments are:
#(1, 2)
#Keyword arguments are:
#{'framework': 'Django', 'name': 'Adrian'}

Wrapping View Functions:

# urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
from mysite.views import requires_login, my_view1, my_view2, my_view3

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^view1/$', requires_login(my_view1)),
    (r'^view2/$', requires_login(my_view2)),
    (r'^view3/$', requires_login(my_view3)),
)

# views.py
def requires_login(view):
    def new_view(request, *args, **kwargs):
        if not request.user.is_authenticated():
            return HttpResponseRedirect('/accounts/login/')
        return view(request, *args, **kwargs)
    return new_view

Including Other URLconfs

from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^weblog/', include('mysite.blog.urls')),
    (r'^photos/', include('mysite.photos.urls')),
    (r'^about/$', 'mysite.views.about'),
)

引用

There’s an important gotcha here: the regular expressions in this example that point to an include() do not have a $ (end-of-string match character) but do include a trailing slash. Whenever Django encounters include(), it chops off whatever part of the URL matched up to that point and sends the remaining string to the included URLconf for further processing.

How Captured Parameters Work with include():

# root urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^(?P<username>\w+)/blog/', include('foo.urls.blog')),
)

# foo/urls/blog.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *

urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^$', 'foo.views.blog_index'),
    (r'^archive/$', 'foo.views.blog_archive'),
)

How Extra URLconf Options Work with include()

###example 1:
# urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^blog/', include('inner'), {'blogid': 3}),
)

# inner.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^archive/$', 'mysite.views.archive'),
    (r'^about/$', 'mysite.views.about'),
    (r'^rss/$', 'mysite.views.rss'),
)

### example 2:
# urls.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^blog/', include('inner')),
)

# inner.py
from django.conf.urls.defaults import *
urlpatterns = patterns('',
    (r'^archive/$', 'mysite.views.archive', {'blogid': 3}),
    (r'^about/$', 'mysite.views.about', {'blogid': 3}),
    (r'^rss/$', 'mysite.views.rss', {'blogid': 3}),
)