`

9 Object And Class

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这章内容我前后看了三次,感觉现在还没有完全吃透。而且让我感觉到Javascript的难度不次于C++,当然,这最主要的原因是:

 Javascript和C++/Java不一样,它不是基于Class的OO语言,而是基于Prototype的OO。这个要求我们转变思维对待它,不过说来容易,做起来太难。(我蛮期待Javascript能够引入Class的概念,注意是这样的理念,不是这个关键字)。

为什么要这样呢,因为实际上现在Class的OO是主流,几乎所有围绕OO的设计编码方法都是围绕这个展开的(我知道很多人可能要跳出来说什么语言不是决定,关键是思想),我也很清楚Javascript可以模拟很多Class的OO,但是我还是强烈的希望直接支持它。

 

1.  定义一个Class

function MyClass(v) {
   this.value = v;
}

这么三行语句,简单说它就是定义了一个函数,其它什么都不是。这个函数的名字是MyClass,参数是v。函数体是:

this.value = v; 就是这么多,多一点都没有。可是当这些东西和下面这个new放在一起的时候,奇迹发生了。

var mc = new MyClass(10);

 

奇迹是什么呢?

 

[1] 你可以访问到mc.value,并且结果会返回10;

[2] 你如果用 mc instanceof MyClass会返回true

[3] mc.constructor == MyClass也会返回true。

 

2. 定义方法,类方法(静态方法),类属性(静态属性)

所有的方法,或者说对象的方法,都是定义在prototype里的。而类方法和类属性都是直接定义成函数的属性的,如下:

MyClass.prototype.toString = function() {
    return "[MyClass:" + this.value + "]";
}
MyClass.count = 0;
MyClass.max = function(a,b) {
    if (a.value > b.value) {
        return a;
    } else {
        return b;
    }
}     

 

 

3. 继承

继承的几个关键性质:

[1] 如果C继承自P,那么var c = new C(); c instanceof P应该是true;

[2] 如果C继承自P,那么如果C没有定义函数foo,但是P里面定义了,那么C应该默认有这个函数

[3] Override的功能。

<html>
  <head>
    <title>
    </title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script language="javascript">
      function Person(aName, aAge, aSex) {
        this.name = aName;
        this.age = aAge;
        this.sex = aSex;
      }
      Person.prototype.toString = function() {
        return "[Person " + this.name + " " + this.age
        + " " + this.sex +"]";
      }

      function Employee(aName, aAge, aSex, aID) {
        this.superclass(aName, aAge, aSex);
        this.id = aID;
      }
      Employee.prototype = new Person();
      delete Employee.prototype.name;
      delete Employee.prototype.age;
      delete Employee.prototype.sex;
      Employee.prototype.superclass = Person;
      Employee.prototype.toString = function() {
        return "[Employee " + this.id + " " + this.superclass.prototype.toString.call(this);
      }

      var p = new Person("AnkyHe", 28, "Male");
      document.write(p + "<br>");
      var e = new Employee("AnkyHe", 28, "Male", "90891234");
      document.write(e + "<br>");
      document.write("e instance of Person " + (e instanceof Person) + "<br>");
    </script>
  </body>
</html>

第22行代码就是为了实现要求[1][2](Employee.prototype = new Person(); )本质上就是为了使得Employee.prototype成为一个Person,然后所有定义在Person.prototype的方法(成员方法)都可以通过Employee.prototype访问到,也就是说成为Employee的成员方法。Override toString的时候,注意直接调用父类的方法。要用到apply或者call这种方法^_^

 

4. Mixni

这不是第一次听说这个概念了,最早是在Ruby里面。不过Ruby对Minxi的支持要强大一些,这个里面还要自己去定义一个borrow这样的函数。

<html>
  <head>
    <title>
    </title>
  </head>
  <body>
    <script language="javascript">
      function borrow(from, to) {
        for (var name in from.prototype) {
          if (typeof from.prototype[name] != "function") {
            continue;
          } 
          to.prototype[name] = from.prototype[name];
        }
      }
      function MixinToString() {}
      MixinToString.prototype.toString = function() {
        var rst = []
        for (var name in this) {
          if (!this.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
            continue;
          }
          var value = this[name];
          var s = name + ":";
          switch(typeof value) {
            case "function": s += "function"; break;
            case "object": 
              {
                if (value instanceof Array) {
                  s += "array";
                } else {
                  s += value.toString();
                }
                break;
              }
           default: s += value.toString();
                    break;
         }
         rst.push(s);
      }
      return "{" + rst.join(", ") + "}";
    }
    function Book(aTitle, aAuthor, aPrice) {
      this.title = aTitle;
      this.author = aAuthor;
      this.price = aPrice;
    }
    borrow(MixinToString, Book);
    var book = new Book("Begin iPhone", "AnkyHe", 10);
    document.write(book + "<br>");
    </script>
  </body>
</html> 

 

 

 

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