JAVA2核心技术卷II -- 第3章. 网络

1. 基本Socket链接

    Socket s = new Socketserver, port);

    try {

        InputStream inStream = s.getInputStream();

        Scanner in = new Scanner(inStream);

        while (in.hasNextLine()) {

            String line = in.nextLine();

        }

    } finally {

        s.close();

    } 

2. 服务器编写

    ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(port);

    Socket incoming = s.accept();

    try {

        InputStream inStream = incoming.getInputStream();

        OutputStream outStream = incoming.getOutputStream();

        Scanner in = new Scanner(inStream);

        PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(outStream, true /* autoFlush */);

        out.println("Hello! Enter BYE to exit.");

        boolean done = false;

        while (!done && in.hasNextLine()) {

            String line = in.nextLine();

            out.println("Echo: " + line);

            if (line.trim().equals("BYE")) {

                done = true;

            }

        }

    } finally {

        incoming.close();

    }

3. 提供多线程访问的服务器

    ServerSocket s = new ServerSocket(port);

    while(true) {

        Socket incoming = s.accept();

        Runnable r = new ThreadedEchoHandler(incoming);

        Thread t = new Thread(r);

        t.start();

    }

    class ThreadedEchoHandler implements Runnable {

        public ThreadedEchoHandler(Socket i) {

            incoming = i;

        }

        public void run() {like up}

    }

4. 发送Mail

    Socket s = new Socket(mailServerName, port);

    InputStream inStream = s.getInputStream();

    OutputStream outStream = s.getOutputStream();

    in = new Scanner(inStream);         

    out = new PrintWriter(outStream, true /* autoFlush */);

    String hostName = InetAddress.getLocalHost().getHostName();

    receive();

    send("HELO " + hostName);

    receive();

    send("MAIL FROM: <" + from.getText() + ">");

    receive();

    send("RCPT TO: <" + to.getText() + ">");

    receive();

    send("DATA");

    receive();

    send(message.getText());

    send(".");

    receive();

    s.close();

    public void send(String s) throws IOException {  

        comm.append(s);

        comm.append("\n");

        out.print(s.replaceAll("\n", "\r\n"));

        out.print("\r\n");

        out.flush();

    }

    public void receive() throws IOException {

        if (in.hasNextLine()) {

            String line = in.nextLine();

            comm.append(line);

            comm.append("\n");

        }

    }

5. 通过URL连接获取服务器信息

    URL url = new URL(urlName);    //新建URL对象

    URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();    //打开URL连接

    connection.setRequestProperty("Authorization", "Basic " + encoding);    //设置用户名和密码访问属性

    connection.connect();    //开始连接

    Map<String, List<String>> headers = connection.getHeaderFields();    //返回header的所有键值对

    for (Map.Entry<String, List<String>> entry : headers.entrySet()) {

        String key = entry.getKey();    //得到键

        for (String value : entry.getValue())

            System.out.println(key + ": " + value);    //得到值

    }

    System.out.println("getContentType: " + connection.getContentType());    //获取内容类型，比如text/plain

    System.out.println("getContentLength: " + connection.getContentLength());    //返回内容长度

    System.out.println("getContentEncoding: " + connection.getContentEncoding());    //获取内容编码，比如gzip

    System.out.println("getDate: " + connection.getDate());    //获取创建时间

    System.out.println("getExpiration: " + connection.getExpiration());    //获取过期时间

    System.out.println("getLastModifed: " + connection.getLastModified());    //获取最后修改时间

    Scanner in = new Scanner(connection.getInputStream());

    for (int n = 1; in.hasNextLine() && n <= 10; n++)    //打印前10行内容

        System.out.println(in.nextLine());

6. 提交表单到服务器

    GET方式: 将参数附在URL结尾，空格由+来代替，但是参数长度有限制

    POST方式: 通过表单进行数据提交

    注意: URLEncoder具有encode(String s, String encoding)和decode(String s, String encoding)方法

    URL url = new URL(urlString);

    URLConnection connection = url.openConnection();

    connection.setDoOutput(true);    //建立一个用于输出的连接

    PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(connection.getOutputStream());    //使用该流向服务器发信息

    boolean first = true;

    for (Map.Entry<String, String> pair : nameValuePairs.entrySet()) {  

        if (first) first = false; 

        else out.print('&'); 

        String name = pair.getKey();

        String value = pair.getValue();

        out.print(name);

        out.print('=');

        out.print(URLEncoder.encode(value, "UTF-8"));

    }    //向输出流加入参数

    out.close();

    //得到返回信息    

    Scanner in;

    StringBuilder response = new StringBuilder();

    try {

        in = new Scanner(connection.getInputStream());

    } catch (IOException e) {

        if (!(connection instanceof HttpURLConnection)) throw e;

        InputStream err = ((HttpURLConnection)connection).getErrorStream();

        if (err == null) throw e;

        in = new Scanner(err);

    }

    while (in.hasNextLine()) {

        response.append(in.nextLine());

        response.append("\n");

    }

    in.close();

    return response.toString();

7. 套接字超时

    SocketChannel channel = SocketChannel.open(new InetSocketAddress("localhost", 8189));    //超时或者中断，会有InterrputedException抛出

8. 半关闭

    当一个请求给服务器发送信息，服务器必须知道该请求什么时候结束，所以需要关闭一个套接字的输出流，来表示数据已经发送结束

    Socket socket = new Socket(host, port);

    Scanner in = new Scanner(socket.getInputStream());

    PrintWriter writer = new PrintWriter(socket.getOutputStream());

    writer.print(...);

    writer.flush();

    socket.shutdownOutput();    //关闭输出流

    while (in.hasNextLine() != null) {String line = in.nextLine();}    //读返回数据

    socket.close();    //关闭整个socket

9. 通过主机名得到IP地址

    InetAddress[] address = InetAddress.getAllByName(host);    //有时主机名对应的地址不止一个，所以用数组来获取

    for (InetAddress a : address)    print address

    InetAddress address = InetAddress.getLocalHost();    //得到本机地址，而不是127.0.0.1，而是对外的IP地址