maven自定义archetype

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在开发过程中我们经常会创建一系列结构类似的新项目，这些项目结构和基础配置基本或完全一致，maven就提供了archetype类型来规定新建项目的结构及基础配置，利用archetype就可以快速简单的搭建新项目。

一、创建Maven项目的一般步骤

一般情况下创建一个maven项目会遵循以下步骤：

1.选择项目类型，类型为maven项目

2.选择是否跳过使用archetype模板类型创建，这里选择否

3.进入archetype选择界面，这里会列出所有可以使用的archetype类型，选择其中一种，其中maven-archetype-quickstart和maven-archetype-webapp就是我们经常用到的。

在这里列出了所有本机默认或已配置的archetype类型，也可以点击右侧的Configure...按钮可以进入archetype配置界面，或者直接从Preferences也可进入，界面如下：

4.完成创建

二、自己定义archetype

一般情况下我们使用内置的archetype类型就基本够用了，但是每一个公司或团体都有自己的规范与架构，这时就需要一套符合本地需求的archetype类型配置，所以我们就需要自定义一套archetype。

创建archetype必须已存在项目为基础，这个项目可以是专门新创建的模板项目，也可以是已发布的存在项目，我们这里已一个新创建的模板项目为例。

1.首先创建模板项目，将以此项目作为模板创建archetype

2.创建完成后的项目结构如下所示：

项目创建好之后把你要想作为模板的内容都添加和配置好，无论是java、xml、properties、html等等均可。

3.开始创建archetype配置文件，在父项目（archetype-parent）上右键-->Run As-->Maven build

填入构建参数：archetype:create-from-project，运行即可。

构建完成后会显示如下类似信息：

......省略
[INFO] Copying 2 resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-archetype-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ archetype-parent-archetype ---
[INFO] Building archetype jar: D:\workspace_2\archetype-parent\target\generated-sources\archetype\target\archetype-parent-archetype-1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3.519 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-06-22T18:17:01+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Archetype project created in D:\workspace_2\archetype-parent\target\generated-sources\archetype
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Reactor Summary:
[INFO] 
[INFO] archetype-parent 1.0-SNAPSHOT ...................... SUCCESS [ 10.438 s]
[INFO] archetype-web ...................................... SKIPPED
[INFO] archetype-biz 1.0-SNAPSHOT ......................... SKIPPED
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 11.304 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-06-22T18:17:01+08:00
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

三生成archetype

1.构建成功后会在target目录下生成相关配置文件，如下所示：

2.其中archetype的pom.xml与archetype-metadata.xml这两个文件是需要我们根据实际情况进行修改的。

pom.xml文件原始内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.archetype.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>archetype-parent-archetype</artifactId>
	<version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version>
	<packaging>maven-archetype</packaging>
	<name>archetype-parent-archetype</name>
	<build>
		<extensions>
			<extension>
				<groupId>org.apache.maven.archetype</groupId>
				<artifactId>archetype-packaging</artifactId>
				<version>2.4</version>
			</extension>
		</extensions>
		<pluginManagement>
			<plugins>
				<plugin>
					<artifactId>maven-archetype-plugin</artifactId>
					<version>2.4</version>
				</plugin>
			</plugins>
		</pluginManagement>
	</build>
</project>

pom文件中groupId、artifactId、version与name这4个属性需要我们进行修改，其中因为我们的项目版本声明的是1.0-SNAPSHOT，所以这里也继承为1.0-SNAPSHOT，需要修改为1.0或其他，否则在生成archetype之后不能直接显示，需要勾选相关选项才行。其他3个属性根据自己的需求修改为合理的即可。

修改完成后如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
	<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
	<groupId>com.archetype.example</groupId>
	<artifactId>example-archetype-web</artifactId>
	<version>1.0</version>
	<packaging>maven-archetype</packaging>
	<name>example-archetype-web</name>
	...省略
</project>

archetype-metadata.xml文件原始内容：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<archetype-descriptor
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/archetype-descriptor-1.0.0.xsd"
	name="archetype-parent"
	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
	<fileSets>
		<fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
			<directory>.settings</directory>
			<includes>
				<include>**/*.prefs</include>
			</includes>
		</fileSet>
		<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
			<directory></directory>
			<includes>
				<include>.project</include>
			</includes>
		</fileSet>
	</fileSets>
	<modules>
		<module id="archetype-web" dir="archetype-web" name="archetype-web">
			<fileSets>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory>src/main/java</directory>
					<includes>
						<include>**/*.java</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory>src/main/webapp</directory>
					<includes>
						<include>**/*.xml</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory>.settings</directory>
					<includes>
						<include>**/*.xml</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
				<fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory>.settings</directory>
					<includes>
						<include>**/*.container</include>
						<include>**/*.component</include>
						<include>**/*.name</include>
						<include>**/*.jsdtscope</include>
						<include>**/*.prefs</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory></directory>
					<includes>
						<include>.classpath</include>
						<include>.project</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
			</fileSets>
		</module>
		<module id="archetype-biz" dir="archetype-biz" name="archetype-biz">
			<fileSets>
				<fileSet encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory>.settings</directory>
					<includes>
						<include>**/*.prefs</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory></directory>
					<includes>
						<include>.classpath</include>
						<include>.project</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
			</fileSets>
		</module>
	</modules>
</archetype-descriptor>

而archetype-metadata.xml文件需要修改的内容就较多了，其中<fileSet>标签的作用就是过滤和包含哪些文件的作用，这里我们直接修改为“全部”即可，如下：

<fileSets>
	<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
		<directory>src/main/java</directory>
		<includes>
			<include>**/*.**</include>
		</includes>
	</fileSet>
	<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
		<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
		<includes>
			<include>**/**</include>
		</includes>
	</fileSet>
	<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
		<directory>src/test/java</directory>
		<includes>
			<include>**/*.**</include>
		</includes>
	</fileSet>
	<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
		<directory>src/test/resources</directory>
		<includes>
			<include>**/*.**</include>
		</includes>
	</fileSet>
	<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
		<directory></directory>
		<includes>
			<include>.**</include>
		</includes>
	</fileSet>
</fileSets>

修改完成后的archetype-metadata.xml文件内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<archetype-descriptor
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/archetype-descriptor-1.0.0.xsd"
	name="archetype-parent"
	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-descriptor/1.0.0"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
	<fileSets>
		<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
			<directory>src/main/java</directory>
			<includes>
				<include>**/*.**</include>
			</includes>
		</fileSet>
		<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
			<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
			<includes>
				<include>**/**</include>
			</includes>
		</fileSet>
		<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
			<directory>src/test/java</directory>
			<includes>
				<include>**/*.**</include>
			</includes>
		</fileSet>
		<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
			<directory>src/test/resources</directory>
			<includes>
				<include>**/*.**</include>
			</includes>
		</fileSet>
		<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
			<directory></directory>
			<includes>
				<include>.**</include>
			</includes>
		</fileSet>
	</fileSets>
	<modules>
		<module id="archetype-web" dir="archetype-web" name="archetype-web">
			<fileSets>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory>src/main/java</directory>
					<includes>
						<include>**/*.**</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
					<includes>
						<include>**/**</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory>src/test/java</directory>
					<includes>
						<include>**/*.**</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory>src/test/resources</directory>
					<includes>
						<include>**/*.**</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory></directory>
					<includes>
						<include>.**</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
			</fileSets>
		</module>
		<module id="archetype-biz" dir="archetype-biz" name="archetype-biz">
			<fileSets>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory>src/main/java</directory>
					<includes>
						<include>**/*.**</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory>src/main/resources</directory>
					<includes>
						<include>**/**</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory>src/test/java</directory>
					<includes>
						<include>**/*.**</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory>src/test/resources</directory>
					<includes>
						<include>**/*.**</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
				<fileSet filtered="true" encoding="UTF-8">
					<directory></directory>
					<includes>
						<include>.**</include>
					</includes>
				</fileSet>
			</fileSets>
		</module>
	</modules>
</archetype-descriptor>

3.安装archetype

pom与archetype-metadata.xml两个文件修改完成后，进入到target\generated-sources\archetype目录下执行构建命令：

mvn install

构建完成后显示类似信息：

...省略
[INFO] Installing D:\workspace_2\archetype-parent\target\generated-sources\archetype\pom.xml to C:\Users\Administrator\.
m2\repository\com\archetype\example\example-archetype-web\1.0\example-archetype-web-1.0.pom
[INFO]
[INFO] --- maven-archetype-plugin:2.4:update-local-catalog (default-update-local-catalog) @ example-archetype-web ---
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 31.300 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2018-06-25T11:44:43+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 16M/114M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

构建成功后我们的仓库目录下的archetype-catalog.xml文件会将此archetype添加，出现以下内容说明添加成功。内容如下：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<archetype-catalog
	xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-catalog/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/archetype-catalog-1.0.0.xsd"
	xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-archetype-plugin/archetype-catalog/1.0.0"
	xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance">
	<archetypes>
		<archetype>
			<groupId>com.archetype.example</groupId>
			<artifactId>example-archetype-web</artifactId>
			<version>1.0</version>
			<description>example-archetype-web</description>
		</archetype>
	</archetypes>
</archetype-catalog>

archetype-catalog.xml所在位置为：maven仓库位置\archetype-catalog.xml（我这里为：C:\Users\Administrator\.m2\archetype-catalog.xml）。

构建成功之后我们就可以在创建Maven项目的时候选择这个模板来创建新项目了，如下所示：