MIME类型（content-type）一览

MIME类型就是设定某种扩展名的文件用一种应用程序来打开的方式类型，当该扩展名文件被访问的时候，浏览器会自动使用指定应用程序来打开。多用于指定一些客户端自定义的文件名，以及一些媒体文件打开方式。

 

　　MIME的英文全称是"Multipurpose Internet Email Extension" 多功能Internet 邮件扩充服务，它是一种多用途网际邮件扩充协议，在1992年最早应用于电子邮件系统，但后来也应用到浏览器。服务器会将它们发送的多媒体数据的类型告诉浏览器，而通知手段就是说明该多媒体数据的MIME类型，从而让浏览器知道接收到的信息哪些是MP3文件，哪些是Shockwave文件等等。服务器将 MIME标志符放入传送的数据中来告诉浏览器使用哪种插件读取相关文件。

 

　　MIME能够支持非ASCII字符、二进制格式附件等多种格式的邮件消息。这个标准被定义在; RFC 2045，; RFC 2046，; RFC 2047，; RFC 2048，; RFC 2049等RFC中。 由RFC 822转变而来的RFC 2822，规定电子邮件标准并不允许在邮件消息中使用7位ASCII字符集以外的字符。正因如此，一些非英语字符消息和二进制文件，图像，声音等非文字消息都不能在电子邮件中传输。MIME规定了用于表示各种各样的数据类型的符号化方法。

 

　　浏览器接收到文件后，会进入插件系统进行查找，查找出哪种插件可以识别读取接收到的文件。如果浏览器不清楚调用哪种插件系统，它可能会告诉用户缺少某插件，或者直接选择某现有插件来试图读取接收到的文件，后者可能会导致系统的崩溃。传输的信息中缺少MIME标识可能导致的情况很难估计，因为某些计算机系统可能不会出现什么故障，但某些计算机可能就会因此而崩溃。

 

下表是常见的MIME type：

 

 

Description of Data Content	Typical Filename Extensions	MIME type/subtype
Text and Text-Related Types
HTML text data (RFC 1866)	html htm	text/html
Plain text: documents; program listings	txt c c++ pl cc h	text/plain
Richtext (obsolete - replaced by text/enriched)		text/richtext
Structure enhanced text	(etx?)	text/x-setext
Enriched text markup (RFC 1896)		text/enriched
Tab-separated values (tabular)	(tsv?)	text/tab-separated-values
SGML documents (RFC 1874)		text/sgml
Speech synthesis data (MVP Solutions)	talk	text/x-speech
Document Stylesheet Types
Cascading Stylesheets	css	text/css
DSSSL-online stylesheets		application/dsssl (proposed)
Image Types
GIF	gif	image/gif
X-Windows bitmap (b/w)	xbm	image/x-xbitmap
X-Windows pixelmap (8-bit color)	xpm	image/x-xpixmap
Portable Network Graphics	png	image/x-png
Image Exchange Format (RFC 1314)	ief	image/ief
JPEG	jpeg jpg jpe	image/jpeg
TIFF	tiff tif	image/tiff
RGB	rgb	image/rgb
		image/x-rgb
Group III Fax (RFC 1494)	g3f	image/g3fax
X Windowdump format	xwd	image/x-xwindowdump
Macintosh PICT format	pict	image/x-pict
PPM (UNIX PPM package)	ppm	image/x-portable-pixmap
PGM (UNIX PPM package)	pgm	image/x-portable-graymap
PBM (UNIX PPM package)	pbm	image/x-portable-bitmap
PNM (UNIX PPM package)	pnm	image/x-portable-anymap
Microsoft Windows bitmap	bmp	image/x-ms-bmp
CMU raster	ras	image/x-cmu-raster
Kodak Photo-CD	pcd	image/x-photo-cd
Computer Graphics Metafile	cgm	image/cgm
North Am. Presentation Layer Protocol		image/naplps
CALS Type 1 or 2	mil cal	image/x-cals
Fractal Image Format (Iterated Systems)	fif	image/fif
QuickSilver active image (Micrografx)	dsf	image/x-mgx-dsf
CMX vector image (Corel)	cmx	image/x-cmx
Wavelet-compressed (Summus)	wi	image/wavelet
AutoCad Drawing (SoftSource)	dwg	image/vnd.dwg
		image/x-dwg
AutoCad DXF file (SoftSource)	dxf	image/vnd.dxf
		image/x-dxf
Simple Vector Format (SoftSource)	svf	image/vnd.svf
		also vector/x-svf
Audio/Voice/Music Related Types
"basic"audio - 8-bit u-law PCM	au snd	audio/basic
Macintosh audio format (AIpple)	aif aiff aifc	audio/x-aiff
Microsoft audio	wav	audio/x-wav
MPEG audio	mpa abs mpega	audio/x-mpeg
MPEG-2 audio	mp2a mpa2	audio/x-mpeg-2
compressed speech (Echo Speech Corp.)	es	audio/echospeech
Toolvox speech audio (Voxware)	vox	audio/voxware
RapidTransit compressed audio (Fast Man)	lcc	application/fastman
Realaudio (Progressive Networks)	ra ram	application/x-pn-realaudio
NIFF music notation data format		application/vnd.music-niff
MIDI music data	mmid	x-music/x-midi
Koan music data (SSeyo)	skp	application/vnd.koan
		application/x-koan
Speech synthesis data (MVP Solutions)	talk	text/x-speech
Video Types
MPEG video	mpeg mpg mpe	video/mpeg
MPEG-2 video	mpv2 mp2v	video/mpeg-2
Macintosh Quicktime	qt mov	video/quicktime
Microsoft video	avi	video/x-msvideo
SGI Movie format	movie	video/x-sgi-movie
VDOlive streaming video (VDOnet)	vdo	video/vdo
Vivo streaming video (Vivo software)	viv	video/vnd.vivo
		video/vivo
Special HTTP/Web Application Types
Proxy autoconfiguration (Netscape browsers)	pac	application/x-ns-proxy-autoconfig
See Chapter 6		application/x-www-form-urlencoded
See Chapter 9		application/x-www-local-exec
See Chapter 9 (Netscape extension)		multipart/x-mixed-replace
See Chapter 9 and Appendix B		multipart/form-data
Netscape Cooltalk chat data (Netscape)	ice	x-conference/x-cooltalk
Interactive chat (Ichat)		application/x-chat
Application Types
Text-Related
PostScript	ai eps ps	application/postscript
Microsoft Rich Text Format	rtf	application/rtf
Adobe Acrobat PDF	pdf	application/pdf
		application/x-pdf
Maker Interchange Format (FrameMaker)	mif	application/vnd.mif
		application/x-mif
Troff document	t tr roff	application/x-troff
Troff document with MAN macros	man	application/x-troff-man
Troff document with ME macros	me	application/x-troff-me
Troff document with MS macros	ms	application/x-troff-ms
LaTeX document	latex	application/x-latex
Tex/LateX document	tex	application/x-tex
GNU TexInfo document	texinfo texi	application/x-texinfo
TeX dvi format	dvi	application/x-dvi
MacWrite document	??	application/macwriteii
MS word document	??	application/msword
WordPerfect 5.1 document	??	application/wordperfect5.1
SGML application (RFC 1874)		application/sgml
Office Document Architecture	oda	application/oda
Envoy Document	evy	application/envoy
Wang Info. Tranfer Format (Wang)		application/wita
DEC Document Transfer Format (DEC)		application/dec-dx
IBM Document Content Architecture (IBM)		application/dca-rft
CommonGround Digital Paper (No Hands Software)		application/commonground
FrameMaker Documents (Frame)	doc fm frm frame	application/vnd.framemaker
		application/x-framemaker
Remote printing at arbitrary printers (RFC 1486)		application/remote-printing
Archive/Compressed Archives
Gnu tar format	gtar	application/x-gtar
4.3BSD tar format	tar	application/x-tar
POSIX tar format	ustar	application/x-ustar
Old CPIO format	bcpio	application/x-bcpio
POSIX CPIO format	cpio	application/x-cpio
UNIX sh shell archive	shar	application/x-shar
DOS/PC - Pkzipped archive	zip	application/zip
Macintosh Binhexed archive	hqx	application/mac-binhex40
Macintosh Stuffit Archive	sit sea	application/x-stuffit
Fractal Image Format	fif	application/fractals
Binary, UUencoded	bin uu	application/octet-stream
PC executable	exe	application/octet-stream
WAIS "sources"	src wsrc	application/x-wais-source
NCSA HDF data format	hdf	application/hdf
Downloadable Program/Scripts
Javascript program	js ls mocha	text/javascript
		application/x-javascript
VBScript program		text/vbscript
UNIX bourne shell program	sh	application/x-sh
UNIX c-shell program	csh	application/x-csh
Perl program	pl	application/x-perl
Tcl (Tool Control Language) program	tcl	application/x-tcl
Atomicmail program scripts (obsolete)		application/atomicmail
Slate documents - executable enclosures (BBN)		application/slate
Undefined binary data (often executable progs)		application/octet-stream
RISC OS Executable programs (ANT Limited)		application/riscos
Animation/Multimedia
Andrew Toolkit inset		application/andrew-inset
FutureSplash vector animation (FutureWave)	spl	application/futuresplash
mBED multimedia data (mBED)	mbd	application/mbedlet
Macromedia Shockwave (Macromedia)		application/x-director
Sizzler real-time video/animation		application/x-sprite
PowerMedia multimedia (RadMedia)	rad	application/x-rad-powermedia
Presentation
PowerPoint presentation (Microsoft)	ppz	application/mspowerpoint
PointPlus presentation data (Net Scene)	css	application/x-pointplus
ASAP WordPower (Software Publishing Corp.)	asp	application/x-asap
Astound Web Player multimedia data (GoldDisk)	asn	application/astound
Special Embedded Object
OLE script e.g. Visual Basic (Ncompass)	axs	application/x-olescript
OLE Object (Microsoft/NCompass)	ods	application/x-oleobject
OpenScape OLE/OCX objects (Business@Web)	opp	x-form/x-openscape
Visual Basic objects (Amara)	wba	application/x-webbasic
Specialized data entry forms (Alpha Software)	frm	application/x-alpha-form
client-server objects (Wayfarer Communications)	wfx	x-script/x-wfxclient
General Applications
Undefined binary data (often executable progs)		application/octet-stream
CALS (U.S. D.O.D data format - RFC 1895)		application/cals-1840
Pointcast news data (Pointcast)	pcn	application/x-pcn
Excel spreadsheet (Microsoft)		application/vnd.ms-excel
		application/x-msexcel
		application/ms-excel
PowerPoint (Microsoft)	ppt	application/vnd.ms-powerpoint
		application/ms-powerpoint
Microsoft Project (Microsoft)		application/vnd.ms-project
Works data (Microsoft)		application/vnd.ms-works
MAPI data (Microsoft)		application/vnd.ms-tnef
Artgallery data (Microsoft)		application/vnd.artgalry
SourceView document (Dataware Electronics)	svd	application/vnd.svd
Truedoc (Bitstream)		application/vnd.truedoc
Net Install - software install (20/20 Software)	ins	application/x-net-install
Carbon Copy - remote control/access (Microcom)	ccv	application/ccv
Spreadsheets (Visual Components)	vts	workbook/formulaone
Cybercash digital money (Cybercash)		application/cybercash
Format for sending generic Macintosh files		application/applefile
Active message -- connect to active mail app.		application/activemessage
X.400 mail message body part (RFC 1494)		application/x400-bp
USENET news message id (RFC 1036)		application/news-message-id
USENET news message (RFC 1036)		application/news-transmission
Multipart Types (mostly email)
Messages with multiple parts		multipart/mixed
Messages with multiple, alternative parts		multipart/alternative
Message with multiple, related parts		multipart/related
Multiple parts are digests		multipart/digest
For reporting of email status (admin.)		multipart/report
Order of parts does not matter		multipart/parallel
Macintosh file data		multipart/appledouble
Aggregate messages; descriptor as header		multipart/header-set
Container for voice-mail		multipart/voice-message
HTML FORM data (see Ch. 9 and App. B)		multipart/form-data
Infinite multiparts - See Chapter 9 (Netscape)		multipart/x-mixed-replace
Message Types (mostly email)
MIME message		message/rfc822
Partial message		message/partial
Message containing external references		message/external-body
Message containing USENET news		message/news
HTTP message		message/http
2D/3D Data/Virtual Reality Types
VRML data file	wrl vrml	x-world/x-vrml (changing to model/vrml)
WIRL - VRML data (VREAM)	vrw	x-world/x-vream
Play3D 3d scene data (Play3D)	p3d	application/x-p3d
Viscape Interactive 3d world data (Superscape)	svr	x-world/x-svr
WebActive 3d data (Plastic Thought)	wvr	x-world/x-wvr
QuickDraw3D scene data (Apple)	3dmf	x-world/x-3dmf
Scientific/Math/CAD Types
Chemical types -- to communicate information about chemical models		chemical/* (several subtypes)
Mathematica notebook	ma	application/mathematica
Computational meshes for numerical simulations	msh	x-model/x-mesh(evolving to model/mesh)
Vis5D 5-dimensional data	v5d	application/vis5d
IGES models -- CAD/CAM (CGM) data	igs	application/iges(evolving to model/iges?)
Autocad WHIP vector drawings	dwf	drawing/x-dwf
Largely Platform-Specific Types
Silicon Graphics Specific Types
Showcase Presentations	showcase slides sc sho show	application/x-showcase
Insight Manual pages	ins insight	application/x-insight
Iris Annotator data	ano	application/x-annotator
Directory Viewer	dir	application/x-dirview
Software License	lic	application/x-enterlicense
Fax manager file	faxmgr	application/x-fax-manager
Fax job data file	faxmgrjob	application/x-fax-manager-job
IconBook data	icnbk	application/x-iconbook
?	wb	application/x-inpview
Installable software in 'inst' format	inst	application/x-install
Mail folder	mail	application/x-mailfolder
?	pp ppages	application/x-ppages
Data for printer (via lpr)	sgi-lpr	application/x-sgi-lpr
Software in 'tardist' format	tardist	application/x-tardist
Software in compressed 'tardist' format	ztardist	application/x-ztardist
WingZ spreadsheet	wkz	application/x-wingz
Open Inventor 3-D scenes	iv	graphics/x-inventor