Guardianship is indispensable fo...

Resuscitation of critically ill patients cannot be done without various medical monitoring instruments and equipment, which play a very important role in improving the level of treatment. The monitor is an electro-mechanical system that selectively monitors important physiological and biochemical indicators of the human body on a regular or x-series monitor, with storage, display, analysis and control functions, and can prompt and warn of parameters that are outside the set range. It can monitor important vital parameters of seriously injured people in earthquakes in real time, continuously and for a long time, which has a very important clinical value. The routine monitoring parameters of the monitor include ECG, respiration, heart rate, non-invasive blood pressure, invasive blood pressure, oxygen saturation, body temperature, end-expiratory CO2, etc. With the increasing clinical demand and the development of measurement technology, new monitoring technologies have emerged to meet different needs.

The monitor is composed of a physical teaching module with various information sensors and a built-in computer network system can be constructed. Various physiological signals are converted into electrical signals by the sensors, processed by pre-amplification and sent to the computer software for display, storage and management of the analysis results. According to its physical knowledge structure development can be broadly divided into the following three kinds.

Single-parameter monitors, such as blood pressure monitors, blood oxygen saturation monitors, ECG monitors, etc.

The multifunctional multi-parameter combination monitor can monitor ECG, respiration, temperature, blood pressure, blood oxygen and other parameters simultaneously.

The plug-in combination monitor consists of a detachable physiological parameter module and a monitor main unit. Users can purchase different plug-in modules to form the monitor according to their needs to meet their special requirements. Display technology includes: digital tube, mainly used for single parameter display; crt display; lcd display; el display; true color tft display. At present, multifunctional monitors mainly use plasma displays, display mode is generally vga mode, resolution of 640 × 480 pixels.

Multi-parameter monitor details.

ECG monitors the electrochemical activity of myocardial excitable cells, which causes electrical excitation of the heart muscle, which in turn causes mechanical contraction of the heart. This excitatory process of the heart produces a closed action current that flows in the volumetric conductors of the body and spreads to various parts of the body, thus causing changes in the potential difference between different surface areas of the body. ECG is a real-time recording of the changes in the body surface potential difference.

Non-invasive blood pressure (NIBP) monitoring The monitors are generally divided into manual and automatic measurements when measuring controlled blood pressure, which can be set at the same time according to the needs of the company. The principle of the vibration method of measuring the patient's blood pressure is to use the cuff to inflate to a certain social pressure without compressing the arterial system vessels and blocking the arterial blood flow, then as the cuff pressure decreases, the arterial vessels will develop: completely blocked - gradually open - fully released. During the whole process, the pulsation of the arterial vascular wall generates gas oscillations in the gas environment inside the cuff, and these oscillations have a problematic correspondence with the systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressures. Therefore, in this paper, the systolic, mean and diastolic pressures at the measured site can be directly obtained by measuring, recording and analyzing the pressure level oscillations in the cuff during the deflation process.

The value of arterial oxygen saturation (spo2) monitoring used to express the ratio of oxyhemoglobin in the blood is called oxygen saturation. The defined formula is: HbO2/(HbO2+Hb). To use, the oxygen saturation probe is clamped to the finger. The measurement is based on the different light absorption properties of hemoglobin and oxyhemoglobin in blood, using two different wavelengths of red light (660 nm) and infrared light (940 nm) passing through the tissue, which are then converted to electrical signals by a photoelectric receiver. The upper wall has two parallel light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that emit red light at 660 nm and infrared light at 940 nm. The lower wall has a photodetector that converts the red and infrared light transmitted through the finger artery into electrical signals. The weaker the photoelectric signal it detects, the more of the light signal is absorbed by the tissue, bone and blood as it penetrates the probe. The absorption coefficients of skin, muscle, skin, fat, venous blood, pigment and bone are constant, so they affect only the DC component of the photoelectric signal. However, the concentration of HbO2 and Hb in the blood varies periodically with the pulsing action of the blood, so their absorption of light also changes, causing the signal intensity of the photodetector output to change compared to the concentration of HbO2 and Hb in the blood, resulting in the SPO2 value. The pulsation pattern of the photodetector signal is consistent with the pulsation pattern of the heart, so that repeated cycles of the signal can be detected and the pulse rate can be determined.