基于Kubespray的生产级Kubernetes部署

源码地址：https://github.com/wiselyman/k8s-installation

1. 前置条件

​ 安装EXSI（VMware vSphere Hypervisor，本例地址为:192.168.1.50）：http://dl1.technet24.ir/Downlads/Software/VMware/vCenter/67u3/VMware-VMvisor-Installer-6.7.0.update03-14320388.x86_64.iso

​ 安装VCenter（VMware vCenter Server Appliance,本例地址为:192.168.1.51）：http://dl1.technet24.ir/Downloads/Software/VMware/vCenter/67u3/VMware-VCSA-all-6.7.0-14367737.iso

使用U盘将VMware-VMvisor-Installer-6.7.0.update03-14320388.x86_64.iso刻盘安装EXSI系统到一台物理机，然后打开VMware-VCSA-all-6.7.0-14367737.iso。在vcsa-ui-installer目录下按照不同的系统使用对应的界面安装VCenter。

当然如果你有直接的机器或者虚拟机也是可以的，我们只需要忽略和VMware相关的步骤即可，这次规划9台虚拟机（物理机），分别为3台master(ip：192.168.1.54-56)，6台node(ip：192.168.1.57-62)。

2. 准备CentOS系统模板

• Vsphere client下创建虚拟机目录，名称为k8s

  

• VCenter下创建CentOS虚拟机：虚拟机名称为centos7

• 安装CentOS 7.6虚拟机

• 安装VMware Tools

  yum install -y open-vm-tools

• 安装govc：https://github.com/vmware/govmomi/releases

  yum install wget
  wget https://github.com/vmware/govmomi/releases/download/prerelease-v0.21.0-58-g8d28646/govc_linux_amd64.gz
  gzip -d govc_linux_amd64.gz
  chmod +x govc_linux_amd64
  mv govc_linux_amd64 /usr/local/bin/govc

• 配置govc

  vi .bash_profile 
  
  export GOVC_URL='192.168.1.51'
  export GOVC_USERNAME='[e-mail]'
  export GOVC_PASSWORD='Wyf.38476'
  export GOVC_INSECURE=1
  
  source .bash_profile 

• 激活虚拟机UUID，后面为虚拟机名称

  govc vm.change -e="disk.enableUUID=1" -vm='centos7'

• 安装perl和nettools，ansible定制虚拟机ip需使用

  yum install perl net-tools

• 关闭防火墙

   systemctl stop firewalld && systemctl disable firewalld
  

• 时间同步

  yum -y install ntp  && ntpdate ntp1.aliyun.com && systemctl start ntpd && systemctl enable ntpd
  

• 操作机免密登陆虚拟机

  产生公钥与私钥对：

  ssh-keygen
  

  将本机的公钥复制到远程机器的authorized_keys文件中：

  ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.5*

• 将虚拟机制成模板

  

3. 准备虚拟机

• 安装ansible

  pip3 install PyVmomi
  pip3 install ansible

• 编写ansible playbook：vm.yml

  - hosts: 127.0.0.1
    connection: local
    become: root
    gather_facts: false
    serial: 1
    tasks:
      - name:  Create Master Nodes
        vmware_guest:
          hostname: "{{ vcenter_hostname }}"
          username: "{{ vcenter_username }}"
          password: "{{ vcenter_password }}"
          validate_certs: no
          datacenter: "{{ datacenter }}"
          state: present
          folder: "{{ folder }}"
          template: "{{ template }}"
          name: "{{ item.key }}"
          cluster: "{{ cluster }}"
          disk:
            - size_gb: 30
              type: thin
              datastore: datastore1
          hardware:
            memory_mb: 2048
            num_cpus: 2
            scsi: paravirtual
          networks:
            - name: VM Network
              ip: "{{ item.value }}"
              netmask: 255.255.255.0
              gateway: 192.168.1.1
          wait_for_ip_address: True
          customization:
            dns_servers:
              - 202.102.192.68
              - 114.114.114.114
        with_dict: "{{ masters }}"
        delegate_to: localhost
  
  
      - name:  Create Workder Nodes
        vmware_guest:
          hostname: "{{ vcenter_hostname }}"
          username: "{{ vcenter_username }}"
          password: "{{ vcenter_password }}"
          validate_certs: no
          datacenter: "{{ datacenter }}"
          state: present
          folder: "{{ folder }}"
          template: "{{ template }}"
          name: "{{ item.key }}"
          cluster: "{{ cluster }}"
          disk:
            - size_gb: 50
              type: thin
              datastore: datastore1
          hardware:
            memory_mb: 8192
            num_cpus: 4
            scsi: paravirtual
          networks:
            - name: VM Network
              ip: "{{ item.value }}"
              netmask: 255.255.255.0
              gateway: 192.168.1.1
          wait_for_ip_address: True
          customization:
            dns_servers:
              - 202.102.192.68
              - 114.114.114.114
        with_dict: "{{ workers }}"
        delegate_to: localhost
  

  变量信息：group_vars/all.yml：

    vcenter_hostname: 192.168.1.51
    vcenter_username: [e-mail]
    vcenter_password: Wyf.38476
    datacenter: Datacenter
    folder: /k8s
    template: centos7
    vm_name: master1
    cluster:
    masters: {"master1":"192.168.1.54", "matser2":"192.168.1.55","master3":"192.168.1.56"}
    workers: {"node1":"192.168.1.57","node2":"192.168.1.58","node3":"192.168.1.59","node4":"192.168.1.60","node5":"192.168.1.61","node6":"192.168.1.62"}

创建虚拟机：

ansible-playbook vm.yml    

4. 使用kubespray安装

• 下载kubespray最新发布版：https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/releases，当前最新版为[v2.11.0](https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/kubespray/releases/tag/v2.11.0)

• 安装ansible依赖

  sudo pip3 install -r requirements.txt

• 复制inventory

  cp -rfp inventory/sample inventory/mycluster

• 使用inventory builder更新inventory文件

  declare -a IPS=(192.168.1.54 192.168.1.55 1192.168.1.56 192.168.1.57 192.168.1.58 192.168.1.59 192.168.1.60 192.168.1.61 192.168.1.62)
  
  CONFIG_FILE=inventory/mycluster/hosts.yml python3 contrib/inventory_builder/inventory.py ${IPS[@]}

  对生成inventory/mycluster/hosts.yml进行修改，主要调整每个虚拟机在集群中承担的角色，修改后的内容如下：

  all:
    hosts:
      master1:
        ansible_host: 192.168.1.54
        ip: 192.168.1.54
        access_ip: 192.168.1.54
        ansible_user: root
      master2:
        ansible_host: 192.168.1.55
        ip: 192.168.1.55
        access_ip: 192.168.1.55
        ansible_user: root
      master3:
        ansible_host: 192.168.1.56
        ip: 192.168.1.56
        access_ip: 192.168.1.56
        ansible_user: root
      node1:
        ansible_host: 192.168.1.57
        ip: 192.168.1.57
        access_ip: 192.168.1.57
        ansible_user: root
      node2:
        ansible_host: 192.168.1.58
        ip: 192.168.1.58
        access_ip: 192.168.1.58
        ansible_user: root
      node3:
        ansible_host: 192.168.1.59
        ip: 192.168.1.59
        access_ip: 192.168.1.59
        ansible_user: root
      node4:
        ansible_host: 192.168.1.60
        ip: 192.168.1.60
        access_ip: 192.168.1.60
        ansible_user: root
      node5:
        ansible_host: 192.168.1.61
        ip: 192.168.1.61
        access_ip: 192.168.1.61
        ansible_user: root
      node6:
        ansible_host: 192.168.1.62
        ip: 192.168.1.62
        access_ip: 192.168.1.62
        ansible_user: root
    children:
      kube-master:
        hosts:
          master1:
          master2:
          master3:
      kube-node:
        hosts:
          node1:
          node2:
          node3:
          node4:
          node5:
          node6:
      etcd:
        hosts:
          master1:
          master2:
          master3:
      k8s-cluster:
        children:
          kube-master:
          kube-node:
      calico-rr:
        hosts: {}
  

• 设置vsphere做为cloud provider，修改inventory/mycluster/group_vars/all/all.yml,添加下面内容：

  cloud_provider: vsphere
  vsphere_vcenter_ip: "192.168.1.51"
  vsphere_vcenter_port: 443
  vsphere_insecure: 1
  vsphere_user: "[e-mail]"
  vsphere_password: "Wyf.38476"
  vsphere_datacenter: "Datacenter"
  vsphere_datastore: "datastore1"
  vsphere_working_dir: "k8s"
  vsphere_scsi_controller_type: "pvscsi"

• 切换下载地址，加速安装

  inventory/mycluster/group_vars/k8s-cluster/k8s-cluster.yml：

  # kubernetes image repo define
  kube_image_repo: "gcr.azk8s.cn/google-containers"

  roles/download/defaults/main.yml：

  # gcr and kubernetes image repo define
  gcr_image_repo: "gcr.azk8s.cn/google-containers"

  roles/download/defaults/main.yml：按照如下替换

  docker.io -> dockerhub.azk8s.cn （其中官方镜像需要加library/）
  quay.io ->  quay.azk8s.cn
  gcr.io -> gcr.azk8s.cn
  k8s.gcr.io -> gcr.azk8s.cn/google-containers
  
  # Download URLs
  kubeadm_download_url: "https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{ kubeadm_version }}/bin/linux/{{ image_arch }}/kubeadm"
  hyperkube_download_url: "https://storage.googleapis.com/kubernetes-release/release/{{ kube_version }}/bin/linux/{{ image_arch }}/hyperkube"
  etcd_download_url: "https://github.com/coreos/etcd/releases/download/{{ etcd_version }}/etcd-{{ etcd_version }}-linux-{{ image_arch }}.tar.gz"
  cni_download_url: "https://github.com/containernetworking/plugins/releases/download/{{ cni_version }}/cni-plugins-linux-{{ image_arch }}-{{ cni_version }}.tgz"
  calicoctl_download_url: "https://github.com/projectcalico/calicoctl/releases/download/{{ calico_ctl_version }}/calicoctl-linux-{{ image_arch }}"
  crictl_download_url: "https://github.com/kubernetes-sigs/cri-tools/releases/download/{{ crictl_version }}/crictl-{{ crictl_version }}-{{ ansible_system | lower }}-{{ image_arch }}.tar.gz"

  roles/container-engine/docker/defaults/main.yml：

  # CentOS/RedHat docker-ce repo
  docker_rh_repo_base_url: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/7/$basearch/stable'
  docker_rh_repo_gpgkey: 'https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/gpg'
  
  # CentOS/RedHat Extras repo
  extras_rh_repo_base_url: "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/$releasever/extras/$basearch/"
  extras_rh_repo_gpgkey: "https://mirrors.aliyun.com/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7"

• 安装helm服务端tiller

  roles/kubernetes-apps/helm/defaults/main.yml

  helm_enabled: true

• 安装Kubernetes集群

  ansible-playbook -i inventory/mycluster/hosts.yml --become --become-user=root cluster.yml

5. 连接K8s集群

• 安装kubectl

  macOS的安装方式：

  brew install kubernetes-cli 

  Windows安装：https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/tools/install-kubectl/#install-kubectl-on-windows

• 配置环境

  ssh登录到192.168.1.54 master节点复制~/.kube/config到本地；

• dashboard访问登录地址

  https://192.168.1.54:6443/[api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#!/login](https://192.168.1.54:6443/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#!/login)

• 通过代理访问dashboard地址

  kubectl proxy
  

  http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#!/login](http://localhost:8001/api/v1/namespaces/kube-system/services/https:kubernetes-dashboard:/proxy/#!/login)

• 生成kubeconfig

  1. 新建admin-role.yml

     kind: ClusterRoleBinding
     apiVersion: rbac.authorization.k8s.io/v1beta1
     metadata:
       name: admin
       annotations:
         rbac.authorization.kubernetes.io/autoupdate: "true"
     roleRef:
       kind: ClusterRole
       name: cluster-admin
       apiGroup: rbac.authorization.k8s.io
     subjects:
       - kind: ServiceAccount
         name: admin
         namespace: kube-system
     ---
     apiVersion: v1
     kind: ServiceAccount
     metadata:
       name: admin
       namespace: kube-system
       labels:
         kubernetes.io/cluster-service: "true"
         addonmanager.kubernetes.io/mode: Reconcile

  2. 获得token

     kubectl create -f admin-role.yaml
     kubectl -n kube-system get secret|grep admin-token
     kubectl -n kube-system describe secret/admin-token-2qphr

  3. 将获得的token附加到config文件

     token: ....

  4. 在登录页面的“Kubeconfig”选择config文件进行登录

  5. 在登录页面的“令牌”，直接粘贴token进行登录

6 存储类配置

基于vsphere的k8s存储，新建storage/vsphere-storage.yml：

kind: StorageClass
apiVersion: storage.k8s.io/v1
metadata:
  name: standard
  annotations:
    storageclass.kubernetes.io/is-default-class: "true"
provisioner: kubernetes.io/vsphere-volume
parameters:
  diskformat: zeroedthick
  datastore: datastore1

kubectl create -f vsphere-storage.yml

测试是否成功，新建storage/test-pvc.yml

 kind: PersistentVolumeClaim
apiVersion: v1
metadata:
  name: pvcsc-vsan
  annotations:
    volume.beta.kubernetes.io/storage-class: standard
spec:
  accessModes:
    - ReadWriteOnce
  resources:
    requests:
      storage: 2Gi

kubectl create -f test-pvc.yml
kubectl describe pvc pvcsc-vsan

此时我们在vsphere client上查看：

7 安装配置Helm

• 安装helm

  macOS的安装方式：

brew install kubernetes-helm

​ Windows：使用Chocolatey（安装参考：https://chocolatey.org/install）

choco install kubernetes-helm

• 初始化helm

helm init --upgrade -i gcr.azk8s.cn/kubernetes-helm/tiller:v2.14.3 --stable-repo-url  https://kubernetes.oss-cn-hangzhou.aliyuncs.com/charts/

helm repo update

• 创建用户tiller用户

kubectl create serviceaccount --namespace kube-system tiller
kubectl create clusterrolebinding tiller-cluster-rule --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:tiller
kubectl patch deploy --namespace kube-system tiller-deploy -p '{"spec":{"template":{"spec":{"serviceAccount":"tille