利用junit对springMVC的Controller进行测试

平时对junit测试service/DAO层已经很熟悉不过了，但是要测试controller层，不能总重启服务器吧，那么我们就用junit4模拟请求，测试controller层的方法。

 

代码示例：

import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.request.MockMvcRequestBuilders.post;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultHandlers.print;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.result.MockMvcResultMatchers.status;
import static org.springframework.test.web.servlet.setup.MockMvcBuilders.webAppContextSetup;

import org.junit.Before;
import org.junit.Test;
import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
import org.springframework.test.context.transaction.TransactionConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;
import org.springframework.test.web.servlet.MockMvc;
import org.springframework.transaction.annotation.Transactional;
import org.springframework.web.context.WebApplicationContext;

/**
 * @author yhb
 * 2016-4-18
 */
@RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)  
@WebAppConfiguration  
@ContextConfiguration({"classpath:spring.xml","classpath:spring-mvc.xml"}) 
//这里可以声明一个事务管理 每个单元测试都进行事务回滚 无论成功与否  
@TransactionConfiguration(defaultRollback = true)  
@Transactional 
public class TestController {
@Autowired  
    private WebApplicationContext wac;  
  
    private MockMvc mockMvc; 
    
    @Before  
    public void setup() {   
        this.mockMvc = webAppContextSetup(this.wac).build();  
    } 
    
    @Test  
    public void testLogin() throws Exception {  
        mockMvc.perform((post("/loginTest").param("userName", "admin").param("password", "123"))).andExpect(status().isOk())  
                .andDo(print());  
    } 
    
    /*@Test  
    //有些单元测试你不希望回滚  
    @Rollback(false)  
public void testInsert() throws Exception {  
    mockMvc.perform((post("/insertTest"))).andExpect(status().isOk())  
            .andDo(print());  
} */
}

 

可能会出现

java.lang.NoClassDefFoundError: javax/servlet/SessionCookieConfig
at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.configureWebResources(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:200)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:127)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractGenericWebContextLoader.java:60)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.delegateLoading(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:109)
at org.springframework.test.context.support.AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.loadContext(AbstractDelegatingSmartContextLoader.java:261)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContextInternal(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:68)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.loadContext(DefaultCacheAwareContextLoaderDelegate.java:86)
at org.springframework.test.context.DefaultTestContext.getApplicationContext(DefaultTestContext.java:72)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.setUpRequestContextIfNecessary(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:170)
at org.springframework.test.context.web.ServletTestExecutionListener.prepareTestInstance(ServletTestExecutionListener.java:110)
at org.springframework.test.context.TestContextManager.prepareTestInstance(TestContextManager.java:212)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.createTest(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:200)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner$1.runReflectiveCall(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:252)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.methodBlock(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:254)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:217)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:83)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:238)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:63)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:236)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:53)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:229)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunBeforeTestClassCallbacks.java:61)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.statements.RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.evaluate(RunAfterTestClassCallbacks.java:68)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:309)
at org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.run(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.java:163)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:50)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:675)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
Caused by: java.lang.ClassNotFoundException: javax.servlet.SessionCookieConfig
at java.net.URLClassLoader.findClass(URLClassLoader.java:381)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:424)
at sun.misc.Launcher$AppClassLoader.loadClass(Launcher.java:331)
at java.lang.ClassLoader.loadClass(ClassLoader.java:357)
... 32 more

如果你是maven项目的话可以添加依赖：

<dependency>
       <groupId>org.apache.geronimo.specs</groupId>
       <artifactId>geronimo-servlet_3.0_spec</artifactId>
       <version>1.0</version>
       <scope>test</scope>

</dependency>

参考：http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21561432/failed-to-load-applicationcontext-during-spring-unit-test

 

http://blog.csdn.net/dabinge1/article/details/51181521