字符处理命令sort和wc

一 排序命令sort

sort [选项] 文件名

选项：

-f：忽略大小写

-n：以数值型进行排序，默认使用字符串排序。

-r：反向排序

-t：指定分隔符，默认分隔符是制表符。

-k n[,m]:按照指定的字段范围排序。从第n字段开始，m字段结束（默认到行尾）

 

二 实战

[root@localhost ~]# cat /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

systemd-bus-proxy:x:999:998:systemd Bus Proxy:/:/sbin/nologin

systemd-network:x:998:997:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

polkitd:x:997:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin

abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin

unbound:x:996:995:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin

tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin

colord:x:995:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin

usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin

geoclue:x:994:991:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin

rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin

rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin

chrony:x:993:990::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin

radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin

qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin

avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin

setroubleshoot:x:992:989::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin

rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

saslauth:x:991:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin

libstoragemgmt:x:990:988:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin

pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin

gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin

gnome-initial-setup:x:989:984::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin

avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

cakin24:x:1000:1000:cakin24,cakin,cakin,cakin:/home/cakin24:/bin/bash

test:x:1003:1001::/home/xxx:/bin/bash

cls:x:1001:1001:dgdzmx:/home/cls:/bin/bash

[root@localhost ~]# sort /etc/passwd

abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin

avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

cakin24:x:1000:1000:cakin24,cakin,cakin,cakin:/home/cakin24:/bin/bash

chrony:x:993:990::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin

cls:x:1001:1001:dgdzmx:/home/cls:/bin/bash

colord:x:995:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin

geoclue:x:994:991:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin

gnome-initial-setup:x:989:984::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

libstoragemgmt:x:990:988:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

polkitd:x:997:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin

postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin

qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin

radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin

rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin

saslauth:x:991:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin

setroubleshoot:x:992:989::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

systemd-bus-proxy:x:999:998:systemd Bus Proxy:/:/sbin/nologin

systemd-network:x:998:997:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

test:x:1003:1001::/home/xxx:/bin/bash

tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin

unbound:x:996:995:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin

usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin

[root@localhost ~]# sort -r /etc/passwd

usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin

unbound:x:996:995:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin

tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin

test:x:1003:1001::/home/xxx:/bin/bash

tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

systemd-network:x:998:997:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

systemd-bus-proxy:x:999:998:systemd Bus Proxy:/:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

setroubleshoot:x:992:989::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin

saslauth:x:991:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin

rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin

rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin

rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin

qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin

pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin

postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

polkitd:x:997:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

libstoragemgmt:x:990:988:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

gnome-initial-setup:x:989:984::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin

geoclue:x:994:991:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin

gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

colord:x:995:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin

cls:x:1001:1001:dgdzmx:/home/cls:/bin/bash

chrony:x:993:990::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin

cakin24:x:1000:1000:cakin24,cakin,cakin,cakin:/home/cakin24:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin

avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin

[root@localhost ~]# sort -t ":" -k "3,3" /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

cakin24:x:1000:1000:cakin24,cakin,cakin,cakin:/home/cakin24:/bin/bash

cls:x:1001:1001:dgdzmx:/home/cls:/bin/bash

test:x:1003:1001::/home/xxx:/bin/bash

qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin

pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin

rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin

abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin

ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin

tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

gnome-initial-setup:x:989:984::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin

nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

libstoragemgmt:x:990:988:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin

saslauth:x:991:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin

setroubleshoot:x:992:989::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin

chrony:x:993:990::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin

geoclue:x:994:991:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin

colord:x:995:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin

unbound:x:996:995:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin

polkitd:x:997:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin

systemd-network:x:998:997:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

systemd-bus-proxy:x:999:998:systemd Bus Proxy:/:/sbin/nologin

[root@localhost ~]# sort -n -t ":" -k "3,3" /etc/passwd

root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash

bin:x:1:1:bin:/bin:/sbin/nologin

daemon:x:2:2:daemon:/sbin:/sbin/nologin

adm:x:3:4:adm:/var/adm:/sbin/nologin

lp:x:4:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/sbin/nologin

sync:x:5:0:sync:/sbin:/bin/sync

shutdown:x:6:0:shutdown:/sbin:/sbin/shutdown

halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt

mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin

operator:x:11:0:operator:/root:/sbin/nologin

games:x:12:100:games:/usr/games:/sbin/nologin

ftp:x:14:50:FTP User:/var/ftp:/sbin/nologin

rpcuser:x:29:29:RPC Service User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

rpc:x:32:32:Rpcbind Daemon:/var/lib/rpcbind:/sbin/nologin

ntp:x:38:38::/etc/ntp:/sbin/nologin

gdm:x:42:42::/var/lib/gdm:/sbin/nologin

tss:x:59:59:Account used by the trousers package to sandbox the tcsd daemon:/dev/null:/sbin/nologin

avahi:x:70:70:Avahi mDNS/DNS-SD Stack:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/sbin/nologin

tcpdump:x:72:72::/:/sbin/nologin

sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

radvd:x:75:75:radvd user:/:/sbin/nologin

dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin

postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin

nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin

qemu:x:107:107:qemu user:/:/sbin/nologin

usbmuxd:x:113:113:usbmuxd user:/:/sbin/nologin

avahi-autoipd:x:170:170:Avahi IPv4LL Stack:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/sbin/nologin

pulse:x:171:171:PulseAudio System Daemon:/var/run/pulse:/sbin/nologin

rtkit:x:172:172:RealtimeKit:/proc:/sbin/nologin

abrt:x:173:173::/etc/abrt:/sbin/nologin

gnome-initial-setup:x:989:984::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/sbin/nologin

libstoragemgmt:x:990:988:daemon account for libstoragemgmt:/var/run/lsm:/sbin/nologin

saslauth:x:991:76:Saslauthd user:/run/saslauthd:/sbin/nologin

setroubleshoot:x:992:989::/var/lib/setroubleshoot:/sbin/nologin

chrony:x:993:990::/var/lib/chrony:/sbin/nologin

geoclue:x:994:991:User for geoclue:/var/lib/geoclue:/sbin/nologin

colord:x:995:994:User for colord:/var/lib/colord:/sbin/nologin

unbound:x:996:995:Unbound DNS resolver:/etc/unbound:/sbin/nologin

polkitd:x:997:996:User for polkitd:/:/sbin/nologin

systemd-network:x:998:997:systemd Network Management:/:/sbin/nologin

systemd-bus-proxy:x:999:998:systemd Bus Proxy:/:/sbin/nologin

cakin24:x:1000:1000:cakin24,cakin,cakin,cakin:/home/cakin24:/bin/bash

cls:x:1001:1001:dgdzmx:/home/cls:/bin/bash

test:x:1003:1001::/home/xxx:/bin/bash

nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin

 

三 统计命令wc

wc [选项] 文件名

选项

-l：只统计行数

-w：只统计单词数

-m：只统计字符数

 

四 实战

[root@localhost ~]# wc /etc/passwd

45 89 2375 /etc/passwd

[root@localhost ~]# wc -l /etc/passwd

45 /etc/passwd