搭建独立图像处理服务（Thumbor）

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Thumbor是基于Python的开源的On-Demand图片处理服务，可以实现图片裁剪crop、缩放resize、翻转flip、滤镜filter，甚至是人脸识别。

官网：https://github.com/thumbor/thumbor

目前版本： 6.3.2

图像处理是系统开发中的必备组件，各种开发语言都内置图像处理API，也有大量的开源图像处理库做补充。

[1] 图像变换引擎（ImageMagick、Graphicsmagick、OpenCV）
[2] 图像优化工具（JPEGMini、TinyPNG、ImageOptim、ImageAlpha、pngquant、MozJPEG）
[3] 图像处理系统（Pilbox、Thumbor）

Thumbor通过特殊构成的URL来创建缩略图，比如：

引用

http://thumbor.example.com/320x240/http://images.example.com/llamas.jpg

含义是：Thumbor服务器thumbor.example.com通过HTTP从images.example.com获取图像llamas.jpg，将其缩放到320x240之后返回图像数据。

Thumbor内部支持以下三种图像变换引擎：
PIL (Python Image Library)、GraphicsMagick (pgmagick)、OpenCV

Thumbor存储图片支持的方式有File、Memcached、MongoDB、Redis。根据实际的使用情况选择存储方式。默认选用文件系统的存储方式。

具体详细的使用方法可以参考官方文档： http://thumbor.readthedocs.io/en/latest/index.html

需要注意的是：Thumbor目前还不支持Python3！

引用

File "/usr/local/tensorflow/lib/python3.5/site-packages/thumbor/context.py", line 293
print "Joining threads...."
SyntaxError: Missing parentheses in call to 'print'

print "Hello world"    # python 2.x
print("Hello world")   # python 3.x

（1）安装

# python -V
Python 2.7.5

# pip search thumbor
thumbor (6.3.2)                   - thumbor is an open-source photo thumbnail service by globo.com

# pip install thumbor
# pip install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com thumbor

（2）启动

# mkdir /usr/local/thumbor
# thumbor-config > /usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf
# cp /usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf /usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf.default
# thumbor --port=8888 --conf=/usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf

以下警告提示是没有安装opencv。

引用

2017-08-15 15:34:02 thumbor:WARNING Module thumbor.filters.distributed_collage could not be imported: No module named cv2

（3）测试

- 原图
http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

- 保持横纵比，宽度固定300px
http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/300x0/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

- 保持横纵比，高度固定300px
http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/0x300/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

- 指定大小300×300
http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/300x300/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

- 裁剪指定位置
http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/528x111:1101x657/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

- 图像滤镜
http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/400x200/filters:grayscale()/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/200x200/filters:brightness(-20)/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/200x200/filters:brightness(40)/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/filters:round_corner(40,255,255,255):grayscale()/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

（4）安全模式

以上都是测试用URL，可以看到URL里包含/unsafe/。

限定来源

# vi /usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf
ALLOWED_SOURCES = [
  'desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn'
]

访问以下URL会返回 200 OK
http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/300x100/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

访问以下URL会返回 400 Bad Request
http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/300x100/https://http.cat/405.jpg

关闭unsafe配置密钥

# openssl rand -base64 48
JNj9+RxUKfsgrVN+8cH5DVzNdRURiFzBo6S2lL9Q0zcweHmdkU6q1Rf60XX7LnVc
# vi /usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf
ALLOW_UNSAFE_URL = False
SECURITY_KEY = 'JNj9+RxUKfsgrVN+8cH5DVzNdRURiFzBo6S2lL9Q0zcweHmdkU6q1Rf60XX7LnVc'

再次访问以下URL会返回 400 Bad Request，设置的ALLOWED_SOURCES也无效了。
http://thumbor-server:8888/unsafe/300x100/http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

（5）URL做成

查看thumbor-url用法

# thumbor-url -h

通过KEY获取URL

# thumbor-url -k JNj9+RxUKfsgrVN+8cH5DVzNdRURiFzBo6S2lL9Q0zcweHmdkU6q1Rf60XX7LnVc http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
URL:
/UJWGMA3XL6X29zF2qgQgBKqz_QM=/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
/UJWGMA3XL6X29zF2qgQgBKqz_QM=/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

通过KEY文件获取URL

# vi /etc/thumbor.key
JNj9+RxUKfsgrVN+8cH5DVzNdRURiFzBo6S2lL9Q0zcweHmdkU6q1Rf60XX7LnVc
# thumbor-url -l /etc/thumbor.key http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
URL:
/UJWGMA3XL6X29zF2qgQgBKqz_QM=/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
/UJWGMA3XL6X29zF2qgQgBKqz_QM=/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

访问以下URL会返回 200 OK
http://thumbor-server:8888/UJWGMA3XL6X29zF2qgQgBKqz_QM=/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

缩放

# thumbor-url -l /etc/thumbor.key -w 300 -e 200 http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
URL:
/byeRaXKHyMqfrsWmRZb558J_8iI=/300x200/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
/byeRaXKHyMqfrsWmRZb558J_8iI=/300x200/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

访问以下URL会返回 200 OK
http://thumbor-server:8888/byeRaXKHyMqfrsWmRZb558J_8iI=/300x200/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

（6）智能裁剪

安装

# yum install -y opencv GraphicsMagick openssl-devel curl-devel GraphicsMagick-c++-devel boost boost-devel boost-python

# pip install pgmagick opencv-python graphicsmagick-engine
# pip install -i http://mirrors.aliyun.com/pypi/simple --trusted-host mirrors.aliyun.com pgmagick opencv-python graphicsmagick-engine

设置

# vi /usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf
DETECTORS = [
      'thumbor.detectors.face_detector',
      'thumbor.detectors.feature_detector'
    ]

有无/smart/前后效果对比：

# thumbor-url -l /etc/thumbor.key -w 300 -e 80 http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
URL:
/twOvaCpM5nAUv3JCdDnNP76Iqz0=/300x80/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
/twOvaCpM5nAUv3JCdDnNP76Iqz0=/300x80/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

# thumbor-url -l /etc/thumbor.key -w 300 -e 80 -s http://desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
URL:
/swDVsG0g_nYBE8zHDcjzfyH561w=/300x80/smart/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg
/swDVsG0g_nYBE8zHDcjzfyH561w=/300x80/smart/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

http://thumbor-server:8888/twOvaCpM5nAUv3JCdDnNP76Iqz0=/300x80/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

http://thumbor-server:8888/swDVsG0g_nYBE8zHDcjzfyH561w=/300x80/smart/http%3A//desk.fd.zol-img.com.cn/t_s1920x1200c5/g5/M00/01/0E/ChMkJlbKwbyIFnBKAAhTmqigyPUAALGdAHEN-kACFOy827.jpg

（7）图像上传

可以通过REST的方式上传图像：POST http://thumbor-server:8888/image

默认未开启上传功能，会返回‘405: Method Not Allowed’。

# vi /usr/local/thumbor/thumbor.conf
UPLOAD_ENABLED = True

# curl -i -H "Content-Type: image/jpeg" -H "Slug: rensanning.jpg" \
          -XPOST http://thumbor-server:8888/image --data-binary "@/tmp/1348814002177.jpg"
HTTP/1.1 201 Created
Date: Wed, 16 Aug 2017 02:19:59 GMT
Content-Length: 0
Content-Type: text/html; charset=UTF-8
Location: /image/14ffd48c8baa4301b476c4b837568af8/rensanning.jpg
Server: TornadoServer/4.5.1

访问以下URL会返回 200 OK。
http://thumbor-server:8888/image/14ffd48c8baa4301b476c4b837568af8/rensanning.jpg

同理可以通过PUT、DELETE、GET来操作已有图像。当然默认是不允许的需要修改配置。

引用

#UPLOAD_DELETE_ALLOWED = False
#UPLOAD_PUT_ALLOWED = False

（8）其他设置

默认采用的HTTP加载图像，也就是需要提供一个图像的绝对URL，也可以采用加载本地图像，把图像放入root文件夹即可访问。
LOADER = 'thumbor.loaders.file_loader'

引用

## The loader thumbor should use to load the original image. This must be the
## full name of a python module (python must be able to import it)
## Defaults to: 'thumbor.loaders.http_loader'
#LOADER = 'thumbor.loaders.http_loader'

## The root path where the File Loader will try to find images
## Defaults to: '/root'
#FILE_LOADER_ROOT_PATH = '/root'

默认是不存储转换后的图像的，需要的话需要设置。
RESULT_STORAGE = 'thumbor.result_storages.file_storage'

引用

## The result storage thumbor should use to store generated images. This must be
## the full name of a python module (python must be able to import it)
## Defaults to: None
#RESULT_STORAGE = None

## Path where the Result storage will store generated images
## Defaults to: '/tmp/thumbor/result_storage'
#RESULT_STORAGE_FILE_STORAGE_ROOT_PATH = '/tmp/thumbor/result_storage'

参考：
https://segmentfault.com/a/1190000008656825
https://ingramchen.io/blog/2015/12/thumbor-tutorial.html
https://blog.1q77.com/2015/05/using-thumbor-part1