java程序员学习hadoop

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hadoop

过去几年一直专注于java后端开发,现在hadoop很火,于是也想一试身手。通过学习hadoop,想达到以下几个目的：
了解hadoop历史及其主要应用于哪些场景;

搭建基本的hadoop环境,能够简单使用hadoop;

对于javaweb开发人员来说,如何将hadoop的应用于实际开发中;

关于hadoop:
hadoop分为几大部分：yarn负责资源和任务管理、hdfs负责分布式存储、map-reduce负责分布式计算

准备工作：
1.创建hadoop用户
创建hadoop用户
sudo useradd -m hadoop -s /bin/bash

设置密码
sudo passwd hadoop

赋予管理员权限
sudo adduser hadoop sudo

2.更新apt

3.安装ssh及配置无密登录ssh
ssh localhost
exit                           # 退出刚才的 ssh localhost
cd ~/.ssh/                     # 若没有该目录，请先执行一次ssh localhost
ssh-keygen -t rsa              # 会有提示，都按回车就可以
cat ./id_rsa.pub >> ./authorized_keys # 加入授权

4.安装jdk
sudo apt-get install openjdk-7-jre openjdk-7-jdk

dpkg -L openjdk-7-jdk | grep '/bin/javac'
获取jdk安装路径:/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64

vim ~/.bashrc
vi o（下一行） O(上一行)
第一行添加:export JAVA_HOME=JDK安装路径

source ~/.bashrc    # 使变量设置生效

安装hadoop:
下载：
sudo wget http://mirror.bit.edu.cn/apache/hadoop/common/hadoop-2.6.1/hadoop-2.6.1.tar.gz

sudo tar -zxf ..../hadoop-2.6.1.tar.gz -C /usr/local    # 解压到/usr/local中
cd /usr/local/
sudo mv ./hadoop-2.6.1/ ./hadoop            # 将文件夹名改为hadoop
sudo chown -R hadoop ./hadoop       # 修改文件权限

检查是否安装成功：
cd /usr/local/hadoop
./bin/hadoop version

Hadoop伪分布式配置：
/usr/local/hadoop/etc/hadoop/>core-site.xml：
<configuration>
        <property>
             <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
             <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp</value>
             <description>Abase for other temporary directories.</description>
        </property>
        <property>
             <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
             <value>hdfs://localhost:9000</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

hdfs-site.xml:
<configuration>
        <property>
             <name>dfs.replication</name>
             <value>1</value>
        </property>
        <property>
             <name>dfs.namenode.name.dir</name>
             <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp/dfs/name</value>
        </property>
        <property>
             <name>dfs.datanode.data.dir</name>
             <value>file:/usr/local/hadoop/tmp/dfs/data</value>
        </property>
</configuration>

配置完成后,nameNode格式化：
./bin/hdfs namenode -format

添加hadoop到系统路径,便于平时操作:
vi ~/.bashrc
#最上面一行添加下列
export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/hadoop/sbin:/usr/local/hadoop/bin

source ~/.bashrc

运行Hadoop伪分布式实例-shell-统计文件中单词个数
#启动nameNode和nodeName守护线程：
/usr/local/hadoop>./sbin/start-dfs.sh

jps查看是否启动成功
http://localhost:50070 查看 NameNode 和 Datanode 信息

#创建工作目录
/usr/local/hadoop>./bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir -p /user/hadoop

#在上面创建目录基础上创建目录
./bin/hdfs dfs -mkdir input

#将 ./etc/hadoop 中的 xml 文件作为输入文件复制到分布式文件系统中
./bin/hdfs dfs -put ./etc/hadoop/*.xml input

#查看hadoop中文件
./bin/hdfs dfs -ls input

#统计input文件中，特定单词的个数
./bin/hadoop jar ./share/hadoop/mapreduce/hadoop-mapreduce-examples-*.jar grep input output 'dfs[a-z.]+'

#查看运行结果的命令
./bin/hdfs dfs -cat output/*

#将运行结果取回本地
rm -r ./output    # 先删除本地的 output 文件夹（如果存在）
./bin/hdfs dfs -get output ./output     # 将 HDFS 上的 output 文件夹拷贝到本机
cat ./output/*

# 删除 output 文件夹
./bin/hdfs dfs -rm -r output

#关闭hadoop:
./sbin/stop-dfs.sh

运行java实例-打包到linux调试-统计一年中最高的温度
#根目录下创建输入文件
vi input.txt
#数据格式如：

#放至hadoop根目录
./bin/hdfs dfs -put input.txt /
或
hadoop fs -put input.txt /

#实例程序参考:
https://git.oschina.net/gitosc_20160331/template-hadoop.git

通过eclipse导出jar包,并上传到linux即hadoop服务器上,

执行hadoop jar ./template-hadoop.jar

Before Mapper:0,2014010114======After Mapper:2014, 14
Before Mapper:11,Before Mapper:12,2014010216======After Mapper:2014, 16
Before Mapper:23,Before Mapper:24,2014010317======After Mapper:2014, 17
Before Mapper:35,Before Mapper:36,2014010410======After Mapper:2014, 10
Before Mapper:47,Before Mapper:48,2014010506======After Mapper:2014, 6
Before Mapper:59,Before Mapper:60,2012010609======After Mapper:2012, 9
Before Mapper:71,Before Mapper:72,2012010732======After Mapper:2012, 32
Before Mapper:83,Before Mapper:84,2012010812======After Mapper:2012, 12
Before Mapper:95,Before Mapper:96,2012010919======After Mapper:2012, 19
Before Mapper:107,Before Mapper:108,2012011023======After Mapper:2012, 23
Before Mapper:119,Before Mapper:120,2001010116======After Mapper:2001, 16
Before Mapper:131,Before Mapper:132,2001010212======After Mapper:2001, 12
Before Mapper:143,Before Mapper:144,2001010310======After Mapper:2001, 10
Before Mapper:155,Before Mapper:156,2001010411======After Mapper:2001, 11
Before Mapper:167,Before Mapper:168,2001010529======After Mapper:2001, 29
Before Mapper:179,Before Mapper:180,2013010619======After Mapper:2013, 19
Before Mapper:191,Before Mapper:192,2013010722======After Mapper:2013, 22
Before Mapper:203,Before Mapper:204,2013010812======After Mapper:2013, 12
Before Mapper:215,Before Mapper:216,2013010929======After Mapper:2013, 29
Before Mapper:227,Before Mapper:228,2013011023======After Mapper:2013, 23
Before Mapper:239,Before Mapper:240,2008010105======After Mapper:2008, 5
Before Mapper:251,Before Mapper:252,2008010216======After Mapper:2008, 16
Before Mapper:263,Before Mapper:264,2008010337======After Mapper:2008, 37
Before Mapper:275,Before Mapper:276,2008010414======After Mapper:2008, 14
Before Mapper:287,Before Mapper:288,2008010516======After Mapper:2008, 16
Before Mapper:299,Before Mapper:300,2007010619======After Mapper:2007, 19
Before Mapper:311,Before Mapper:312,2007010712======After Mapper:2007, 12
Before Mapper:323,Before Mapper:324,2007010812======After Mapper:2007, 12
Before Mapper:335,Before Mapper:336,2007010999======After Mapper:2007, 99
Before Mapper:347,Before Mapper:348,2007011023======After Mapper:2007, 23
Before Mapper:359,Before Mapper:360,2010010114======After Mapper:2010, 14
Before Mapper:371,Before Mapper:372,2010010216======After Mapper:2010, 16
Before Mapper:383,Before Mapper:384,2010010317======After Mapper:2010, 17
Before Mapper:395,Before Mapper:396,2010010410======After Mapper:2010, 10
Before Mapper:407,Before Mapper:408,2010010506======After Mapper:2010, 6
Before Mapper:419,Before Mapper:420,2015010649======After Mapper:2015, 49
Before Mapper:431,Before Mapper:432,2015010722======After Mapper:2015, 22
Before Mapper:443,Before Mapper:444,2015010812======After Mapper:2015, 12
Before Mapper:455,Before Mapper:456,2015010999======After Mapper:2015, 99
Before Mapper:467,Before Mapper:468,2015011023======After Mapper:2015, 23
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.LocalJobRunner: 
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.MapTask: Starting flush of map output
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.MapTask: Spilling map output
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.MapTask: bufstart = 0; bufend = 360; bufvoid = 104857600
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.MapTask: kvstart = 26214396(104857584); kvend = 26214240(104856960); length = 157/6553600
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.MapTask: Finished spill 0
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.Task: Task:attempt_local314864252_0001_m_000000_0 is done. And is in the process of committing
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.LocalJobRunner: map
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.Task: Task 'attempt_local314864252_0001_m_000000_0' done.
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.LocalJobRunner: Finishing task: attempt_local314864252_0001_m_000000_0
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.LocalJobRunner: map task executor complete.
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.LocalJobRunner: Waiting for reduce tasks
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.LocalJobRunner: Starting task: attempt_local314864252_0001_r_000000_0
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.Task:  Using ResourceCalculatorProcessTree : [ ]
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.ReduceTask: Using ShuffleConsumerPlugin: org.apache.hadoop.mapreduce.task.reduce.Shuffle@14b73571
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO reduce.MergeManagerImpl: MergerManager: memoryLimit=363285696, maxSingleShuffleLimit=90821424, mergeThreshold=239768576, ioSortFactor=10, memToMemMergeOutputsThreshold=10
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO reduce.EventFetcher: attempt_local314864252_0001_r_000000_0 Thread started: EventFetcher for fetching Map Completion Events
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO reduce.LocalFetcher: localfetcher#1 about to shuffle output of map attempt_local314864252_0001_m_000000_0 decomp: 442 len: 446 to MEMORY
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO reduce.InMemoryMapOutput: Read 442 bytes from map-output for attempt_local314864252_0001_m_000000_0
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO reduce.MergeManagerImpl: closeInMemoryFile -> map-output of size: 442, inMemoryMapOutputs.size() -> 1, commitMemory -> 0, usedMemory ->442
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO reduce.EventFetcher: EventFetcher is interrupted.. Returning
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.LocalJobRunner: 1 / 1 copied.
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO reduce.MergeManagerImpl: finalMerge called with 1 in-memory map-outputs and 0 on-disk map-outputs
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.Merger: Merging 1 sorted segments
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.Merger: Down to the last merge-pass, with 1 segments left of total size: 435 bytes
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO reduce.MergeManagerImpl: Merged 1 segments, 442 bytes to disk to satisfy reduce memory limit
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO reduce.MergeManagerImpl: Merging 1 files, 446 bytes from disk
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO reduce.MergeManagerImpl: Merging 0 segments, 0 bytes from memory into reduce
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.Merger: Merging 1 sorted segments
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.Merger: Down to the last merge-pass, with 1 segments left of total size: 435 bytes
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapred.LocalJobRunner: 1 / 1 copied.
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO mapreduce.Job:  map 100% reduce 0%
17/05/13 00:49:30 INFO Configuration.deprecation: mapred.skip.on is deprecated. Instead, use mapreduce.job.skiprecords
Before Reduce:2001,12,10,11,29,16,After Reduce:2001,29
Before Reduce:2007,23,19,12,12,99,After Reduce:2007,99
Before Reduce:2008,16,14,37,16,5,After Reduce:2008,37
Before Reduce:2010,10,6,14,16,17,After Reduce:2010,17
Before Reduce:2012,19,12,32,9,23,After Reduce:2012,32
Before Reduce:2013,23,29,12,22,19,After Reduce:2013,29
Before Reduce:2014,14,6,10,17,16,After Reduce:2014,17
Before Reduce:2015,23,49,22,12,99,After Reduce:2015,99

执行完后,可删除output,以便下次调试
hdfs dfs -rm -r /output

运行java实例-windows本地调试-由于问题5一直不成功
为了调试过程中定位问题,添加log4j.properties

log4j.rootLogger=debug,stdout,R 
log4j.appender.stdout=org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender 
log4j.appender.stdout.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout 
log4j.appender.stdout.layout.ConversionPattern=%5p - %m%n 
log4j.appender.R=org.apache.log4j.RollingFileAppender 
log4j.appender.R.File=mapreduce_test.log 
log4j.appender.R.MaxFileSize=1MB 
log4j.appender.R.MaxBackupIndex=1 
log4j.appender.R.layout=org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout 
log4j.appender.R.layout.ConversionPattern=%p %t %c - %m%n 
log4j.logger.com.codefutures=DEBUG

#下载hadoop的eclipse插件,放至eclipse/plugins下
下载地址：https://pan.baidu.com/share/link?uk=3976278079&shareid=111343850

#下载winutils.exe放至hadoop_home/bin,hadoop.dll放至windows/system32
下载地址：https://github.com/amihalik/hadoop-common-2.6.0-bin

#一开始下了错误版本,导致报错UnsatisfiedLinkError
http://pan.baidu.com/s/1qWG7XxU

#配置HADOOP_HOME并添加执行路径%HADOOP_HOME%/bin;

#重启eclipse
配置windows-preferences-hadoop map/reduce,即hadoop的安装路径
将上面下载的hadoop-2.6.1.tar.gz解压至windows的某目录下,即为hadoop在windows的安装路径

配置hadoop服务器信息-打开windows-show view查找map
在打开的视图中新建hadoop位置信息new hadoop location

查看是否连接成功:

遇到的问题
1.Connection Refused
在hadoop服务器上执行netstat -tpnl 查看端口使用情况,发现9000端口只对本地放开，修改为对所有地址放开
core-site.xml修改:
        <property>
             <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
             <value>hdfs://0.0.0.0:9000</value>
        </property>

localhost:9000 failed on connection exception: java.net.ConnectException: Connection refused; For more details see:
https://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/ConnectionRefused

2.
java.lang.NullPointerException
at java.lang.ProcessBuilder.start(ProcessBuilder.java:1010)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.runCommand(Shell.java:445)
at org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell.run(Shell.java:418)

一开始通过windows eclipse本地调试:

		// 输入路径
		String dst = "hdfs://192.168.127.135:9000/input.txt";
		//输出路径,必须是不存在的，空文件夹也不行。
		String dstOut = "hdfs://192.168.127.135:9000/output";

下载winutils.exe放在hadoop-2.6.1/bin下

3.java.lang.UnsatisfiedLinkError: org.apache.hadoop.util.NativeCrc32.nativeComputeChunkedSumsByteArray

windows/system32下缺少hadoop.dll或hadoop.dll版本不对

4.HADOOP_HOME or hadoop.home.dir are not set
HADOOP_HOME设置了还是报这个错,无奈用下面这个解决了
#设置hadoop.home.dir
System.setProperty("hadoop.home.dir", "D:\\service\\hadoop\\hadoop-2.6.1");
Job job = new Job(hadoopConfig);

?-设置环境变量后,由于java虚拟机中已经加载了旧的变量，需重启eclipse才可以获取最新变量

System.out.println(System.getenv("HADOOP_HOME")); //设置HADOOP_HOME但就是获取不到,cmd set %HADOOP_HOME%
		System.out.println(System.getenv("path")); //有值

5. PrivilegedActionException as:Administrator (auth:SIMPLE) cause:org.apache.hadoop.util.Shell$ExitCodeException:

多种尝试：没一个可以的
5.1 #修改权限：
hadoop fs -chmod 777 /tmp

5.2 修改用户所有者
hadoop fs -chown -R hadoop:hadoop /tmp

5.3 启动yarn,当然也要在linux hadoop中配置yarn(mapred-site.xml)

<property>
             <name>mapreduce.framework.name</name>
             <value>yarn</value>
        </property>

不需要yarn时,需mv mapred-site.xml mapred-site.xml.template

hadoopConfig.set("hadoop.job.ugi", "hadoop");
System.setProperty("HADOOP_USER_NAME", "hadoop");

hadoopConfig.set("mapreduce.framework.name", "yarn");
hadoopConfig.set("yarn.resourcemanager.address", "192.168.127.135:8021");

5.4
选择"本地用户和组"，展开"用户"，找到系统管理员"Administrator"，修改其为"hadoop"

hbase简单使用
#下载hbase
sudo wget http://apache.fayea.com/hbase/stable/hbase-1.2.5-bin.tar.gz
#解压
sudo tar -zxvf hbase-1.2.5-bin.tar.gz

#修改conf/hbase-site.xml
<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>hbase.cluster.distributed</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hbase.rootdir</name>
        <value>hdfs://127.0.0.1:9000/hbase</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name>
        <value>127.0.0.1:2181</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

hbase.rootdir配置的是hdfs地址，ip:port要和hadoop/core-site.xml中的fs.defaultFS保持一致

其中hbase.zookeeper.quorum是zookeeper的地址，可以配多个

#修改conf/hbase-env.sh
export JAVA_HOME=/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk-amd64
#使用hbase自带的ZK
export HBASE_MANAGES_ZK=true

#启动hbase
sudo ./bin/start-hbase.sh

可能报错127.0.0.1: Permission denied, please try again.,
试了一下几种方式：
1.hbase_home/conf下执行
sudo chmod +x start-hbase.sh

2.注释掉hbase.zookeeper.quorum配置

3.sudo su
可以启动,但还是报错

#关闭hbase
sudo ./bin/stop-hbase.sh

常用命令：
start-dfs.sh
http://localhost:50070

stop-dfs.sh

start-yarn.sh
mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh start historyserver # 开启历史服务器，才能在Web中查看任务运行情况
http://192.168.127.135:8088/cluster

stop-yarn.sh
mr-jobhistory-daemon.sh stop historyserver

参考：
Hadoop安装教程_单机/伪分布式配置_Hadoop2.6.0/Ubuntu14.04
http://www.powerxing.com/install-hadoop/

Windows下使用Hadoop2.6.0-eclipse-plugin插件
https://my.oschina.net/muou/blog/408543

hadoop入门--简单的MapReduce案例
http://blog.csdn.net/zhangt85/article/details/42077281

Hadoop Eclipse Plug-in
https://wiki.apache.org/hadoop/EclipsePlugIn

Hadoop虽然强大，但不是万能的
http://database.51cto.com/art/201402/429789.htm

一文读懂Hadoop、HBase、Hive、Spark分布式系统架构
http://www.codeceo.com/article/understand-hadoop-hbase-hive-spark-distributed-system-architecture.html

HBase does not run after ./start-hbase.sh - Permission Denied?
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/21166542/hbase-does-not-run-after-start-hbase-sh-permission-denied

http://www.cnblogs.com/wukenaihe/archive/2013/03/15/2961029.html

HBase应用的常见异常
https://www.zybuluo.com/xtccc/note/91427