Redis 学习笔记

原创编写： 王宇 
2016-11-07

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Redis 学习笔记
Redis 环境
配置Redis
Redis 数据类型(5种)
Redis 命令
Redis 操作Keys命令
Redis-Strings 命令列表
Redis-Hashes 命令列表
Redis-Lists 命令列表
Redis-Sets 命令列表
Redis-Sorted Sets 命令列表
Redis-HyperLogLog-计算基数
Redis - Publish Subscribe
Redis-Transaction 事务
Redis-Scripting
Redis - Connections
Redis - Server
Redis - 备份
Redis - 安全
Redis 监控执行效率(Benchmarks)
Redis - 客户端连接(Client Connection)
Redis 管道(Pipelining)
Redis - 分区(Partitioning)
Redis - Java
参考资料

 

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Redis 环境

• 安装Redis

1. $sudo apt-get update
2. $sudo apt-get install redis-server

• 启动Redis

1. $ redis-server

• 检察Redis 是否工作正常

1. $ redis-cli
2. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ping
3. PONG

• 安装Redis 桌面管理工具 
  下载地址：http://redisdesktop.com/download

配置Redis

• 配置文件：redis.conf

  • 语法：

    1. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET CONFIG_SETTING_NAME

  • 例子

    1. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET loglevel
    2. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET *
• 修改配置：

  • 语法：

    1. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG SET CONFIG_SETTING_NAME NEW_CONFIG_VALUE

  • 例子

    1. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG SET loglevel "notice"
    2. OK
    3. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG GET loglevel

Redis 数据类型(5种)

• Strings-字符串 
  例子：

1. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET name "tutorialspoint"
2. OK
3. redis 127.0.0.1:6379>GET name
4. "tutorialspoint"

• Hashes-字典 
  例子：

2. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HMSET user:1 username tutorialspoint password tutorialspoint points 200
3. OK
4. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> HGETALL user:1
6. 1)"username"
7. 2)"tutorialspoint"
8. 3)"password"
9. 4)"tutorialspoint"
10. 5)"points"
11. 6)"200

• Lists-列表 
  时间复杂度：O(N) 
  例子：

3. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush tutoriallist redis
4. (integer)1
5. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush tutoriallist mongodb
6. (integer)2
7. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lpush tutoriallist rabitmq
8. (integer)3
9. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> lrange tutoriallist 010
11. 1)"rabitmq"
12. 2)"mongodb"
13. 3)"redis"

• Sets-集合 
  时间复杂度：O(1) 
  例子：

2. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd tutoriallist redis
3. (integer)1
4. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd tutoriallist mongodb
5. (integer)1
6. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd tutoriallist rabitmq
7. (integer)1
8. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> sadd tutoriallist rabitmq
9. (integer)0
10. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> smembers tutoriallist
12. 1)"rabitmq"
13. 2)"mongodb"
14. 3)"redis"

• Stored Sets-有序集合 
  例子：

1. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd tutoriallist 0 redis
2. (integer)1
3. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd tutoriallist 0 mongodb
4. (integer)1
5. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd tutoriallist 0 rabitmq
6. (integer)1
7. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> zadd tutoriallist 0 rabitmq
8. (integer)0
9. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> ZRANGEBYSCORE tutoriallist 01000
11. 1)"redis"
12. 2)"mongodb"
13. 3)"rabitmq"

Redis 命令

• 服务器端
  1. $redis-cli -h host -p port -a password

Redis 操作Keys命令

S.N. Command & Description

1	DEL key This command deletes the key, if exists
2	DUMP key This command returns a serialized version of the value stored at the specified key.
3	EXISTS key This command checks whether the key exists or not.
4	EXPIRE key seconds Expires the key after the specified time
5	EXPIREAT key timestamp Expires the key after the specified time. Here time is in Unix timestamp format
6	PEXPIRE key milliseconds Set the expiry of key in milliseconds
7	PEXPIREAT key milliseconds-timestamp Set the expiry of key in unix timestamp specified as milliseconds
8	KEYS pattern Find all keys matching the specified pattern
9	MOVE key db Move a key to another database
10	PERSIST key Remove the expiration from the key
11	PTTL key Get the remaining time in keys expiry in milliseconds.
12	TTL key Get the remaining time in keys expiry.
13	RANDOMKEY Return a random key from redis
14	RENAME key newkey Change the key name
15	RENAMENX key newkey Rename key, if new key doesn’t exist
16	TYPE key Return the data type of value stored in key.

Redis-Strings 命令列表

S.N. Command & Description

1	SET key value This command sets the value at the specified key
2	GET key Get the value of a key.
3	GETRANGE key start end Get a substring of the string stored at a key
4	GETSET key value Set the string value of a key and return its old value
5	GETBIT key offset Returns the bit value at offset in the string value stored at key
6	MGET key1 [key2..] Get the values of all the given keys
7	SETBIT key offset value Sets or clears the bit at offset in the string value stored at key
8	SETEX key seconds value Set the value with expiry of a key
9	SETNX key value Set the value of a key, only if the key does not exist
10	SETRANGE key offset value Overwrite part of a string at key starting at the specified offset
11	STRLEN key Get the length of the value stored in a key
12	MSET key value [key value …] Set multiple keys to multiple values
13	MSETNX key value [key value …] Set multiple keys to multiple values, only if none of the keys exist
14	PSETEX key milliseconds value Set the value and expiration in milliseconds of a key
15	INCR key Increment the integer value of a key by one
16	INCRBY key increment Increment the integer value of a key by the given amount
17	INCRBYFLOAT key increment Increment the float value of a key by the given amount
18	DECR key Decrement the integer value of a key by one
19	DECRBY key decrement Decrement the integer value of a key by the given number
20	APPEND key value Append a value to a key

Redis-Hashes 命令列表

S.N. Command & Description

1	HDEL key field2 [field2] Delete one or more hash fields
2	HEXISTS key field Determine whether a hash field exists or not
3	HGET key field Get the value of a hash field stored at specified key
4	HGETALL key Get all the fields and values stored in a hash at specified key
5	HINCRBY key field increment Increment the integer value of a hash field by the given number
6	HINCRBYFLOAT key field increment Increment the float value of a hash field by the given amount
7	HKEYS key Get all the fields in a hash
8	HLEN key Get the number of fields in a hash
9	HMGET key field1 [field2] Get the values of all the given hash fields
10	HMSET key field1 value1 [field2 value2 ] Set multiple hash fields to multiple values
11	HSET key field value Set the string value of a hash field
12	HSETNX key field value Set the value of a hash field, only if the field does not exist
13	HVALS key Get all the values in a hash
14	HSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count] Incrementally iterate hash fields and associated values

Redis-Lists 命令列表

S.N. Command & Description

1	BLPOP key1 [key2 ] timeout Remove and get the first element in a list, or block until one is available
2	BRPOP key1 [key2 ] timeout Remove and get the last element in a list, or block until one is available
3	BRPOPLPUSH source destination timeout Pop a value from a list, push it to another list and return it; or block until one is available
4	LINDEX key index Get an element from a list by its index
5	LINSERT key BEFORE
6	LLEN key Get the length of a list
7	LPOP key Remove and get the first element in a list
8	LPUSH key value1 [value2] Prepend one or multiple values to a list
9	LPUSHX key value Prepend a value to a list, only if the list exists
10	LRANGE key start stop Get a range of elements from a list
11	LREM key count value Remove elements from a list
12	LSET key index value Set the value of an element in a list by its index
13	LTRIM key start stop Trim a list to the specified range
14	RPOP key Remove and get the last element in a list
15	RPOPLPUSH source destination Remove the last element in a list, append it to another list and return it
16	RPUSH key value1 [value2] Append one or multiple values to a list
17	RPUSHX key value Append a value to a list, only if the list exists

Redis-Sets 命令列表

S.N. Command & Description

1	SADD key member1 [member2] Add one or more members to a set
2	SCARD key Get the number of members in a set
3	SDIFF key1 [key2] Subtract multiple sets
4	SDIFFSTORE destination key1 [key2] Subtract multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key
5	SINTER key1 [key2] Intersect multiple sets
6	SINTERSTORE destination key1 [key2] Intersect multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key
7	SISMEMBER key member Determine if a given value is a member of a set
8	SMEMBERS key Get all the members in a set
9	SMOVE source destination member Move a member from one set to another
10	SPOP key Remove and return a random member from a set
11	SRANDMEMBER key [count] Get one or multiple random members from a set
12	SREM key member1 [member2] Remove one or more members from a set
13	SUNION key1 [key2] Add multiple sets
14	SUNIONSTORE destination key1 [key2] Add multiple sets and store the resulting set in a key
15	SSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count] Incrementally iterate Set elements

Redis-Sorted Sets 命令列表

S.N. Command & Description

1	ZADD key score1 member1 [score2 member2] Add one or more members to a sorted set, or update its score if it already exists
2	ZCARD key Get the number of members in a sorted set
3	ZCOUNT key min max Count the members in a sorted set with scores within the given values
4	ZINCRBY key increment member Increment the score of a member in a sorted set
5	ZINTERSTORE destination numkeys key [key …] Intersect multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key
6	ZLEXCOUNT key min max Count the number of members in a sorted set between a given lexicographical range
7	ZRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES] Return a range of members in a sorted set, by index
8	ZRANGEBYLEX key min max [LIMIT offset count] Return a range of members in a sorted set, by lexicographical range
9	ZRANGEBYSCORE key min max [WITHSCORES] [LIMIT] Return a range of members in a sorted set, by score
10	ZRANK key member Determine the index of a member in a sorted set
11	ZREM key member [member …] Remove one or more members from a sorted set
12	ZREMRANGEBYLEX key min max Remove all members in a sorted set between the given lexicographical range
13	ZREMRANGEBYRANK key start stop Remove all members in a sorted set within the given indexes
14	ZREMRANGEBYSCORE key min max Remove all members in a sorted set within the given scores
15	ZREVRANGE key start stop [WITHSCORES] Return a range of members in a sorted set, by index, with scores ordered from high to low
16	ZREVRANGEBYSCORE key max min [WITHSCORES] Return a range of members in a sorted set, by score, with scores ordered from high to low
17	ZREVRANK key member Determine the index of a member in a sorted set, with scores ordered from high to low
18	ZSCORE key member Get the score associated with the given member in a sorted set
19	ZUNIONSTORE destination numkeys key [key …] Add multiple sorted sets and store the resulting sorted set in a new key
20	ZSCAN key cursor [MATCH pattern] [COUNT count] Incrementally iterate sorted sets elements and associated scores

Redis-HyperLogLog-计算基数

• 例子

1. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFADD tutorials "redis"
3. 1)(integer)1
5. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFADD tutorials "mongodb"
7. 1)(integer)1
9. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFADD tutorials "mysql"
11. 1)(integer)1
13. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PFCOUNT tutorials
15. (integer)3

S.N. Command & Description

1	PFADD key element [element …] Adds the specified elements to the specified HyperLogLog.
2	PFCOUNT key [key …] Return the approximated cardinality of the set(s) observed by the HyperLogLog at key(s).
3	PFMERGE destkey sourcekey [sourcekey …] Merge N different HyperLogLogs into a single one.

Redis - Publish Subscribe

Redis的pub sub 实现了发送、接受message 的系统。

• 例子

1. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SUBSCRIBE redisChat
3. Reading messages...(press Ctrl-C to quit)
4. 1)"subscribe"
5. 2)"redisChat"
6. 3)(integer)1

1. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PUBLISH redisChat "Redis is a great caching technique"
3. (integer)1
5. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PUBLISH redisChat "Learn redis by tutorials point"
7. (integer)1
10. 1)"message"
11. 2)"redisChat"
12. 3)"Redis is a great caching technique"
13. 1)"message"
14. 2)"redisChat"
15. 3)"Learn redis by tutorials point"

S.N. Command & Description

1	PSUBSCRIBE pattern [pattern …] Subscribe to channels matching the given patterns.
2	PUBSUB subcommand [argument [argument …]] Tells the state of pubsub system eg which clients are active on the server.
3	PUBLISH channel message Post a message to a channel.
4	PUNSUBSCRIBE [pattern [pattern …]] Stop listening for messages posted to channels matching the given patterns.
5	SUBSCRIBE channel [channel …] Listen for messages published to the given channels.
6	UNSUBSCRIBE [channel [channel …]] Stop listening for messages posted to the given channels.

Redis-Transaction 事务

执行一组命令

• 例子

1. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> MULTI
2. OK
3. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> SET tutorial redis
4. QUEUED
5. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> GET tutorial
6. QUEUED
7. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INCR visitors
8. QUEUED
9. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EXEC
11. 1) OK
12. 2)"redis"
13. 3)(integer)1

S.N. Command & Description

1	DISCARD Discard all commands issued after MULTI
2	EXEC Execute all commands issued after MULTI
3	MULTI Mark the start of a transaction block
4	UNWATCH Forget about all watched keys
5	WATCH key [key …] Watch the given keys to determine execution of the MULTI/EXEC block

Redis-Scripting

• 语法

1. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EVAL script numkeys key [key ...] arg [arg ...]

• 例子

1. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> EVAL "return {KEYS[1],KEYS[2],ARGV[1],ARGV[2]}"2 key1 key2 first second
3. 1)"key1"
4. 2)"key2"
5. 3)"first"
6. 4)"second"

S.N. Command & Description

1	EVAL script numkeys key [key …] arg [arg …] Execute a Lua script.
2	EVALSHA sha1 numkeys key [key …] arg [arg …] Execute a Lua script.
3	SCRIPT EXISTS script [script …] Check existence of scripts in the script cache.
4	SCRIPT FLUSH Remove all the scripts from the script cache.
5	SCRIPT KILL Kill the script currently in execution.
6	SCRIPT LOAD script Load the specified Lua script into the script cache.

Redis - Connections

• 例子

1. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> AUTH "password"
2. OK
3. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> PING
4. PONG

• 链接命令

S.N. Command & Description

1	AUTH password Authenticate to the server with given password
2	ECHO message Print the given string
3	PING Check whether server is running or not
4	QUIT Close the current connection
5	SELECT index Change the selected database for the current connection

Redis - Server

• 例子

1. redis 127.0.0.1:6379> INFO

• Redis server 命令列表

S.N. Command & Description

1	BGREWRITEAOF Asynchronously rewrite the append-only file
2	BGSAVE Asynchronously save the dataset to disk
3	CLIENT KILL [ip:port] [ID client-id] Kill the connection of a client
4	CLIENT LIST Get the list of client connections connection to the server
5	CLIENT GETNAME Get the name of current connection
6	CLIENT PAUSE timeout Stop processing commands from clients for specified time
7	CLIENT SETNAME connection-name Set the current connection name
8	CLUSTER SLOTS Get array of Cluster slot to node mappings
9	COMMAND Get array of Redis command details
10	COMMAND COUNT Get total number of Redis commands
11	COMMAND GETKEYS Extract keys given a full Redis command
12	BGSAVE Asynchronously save the dataset to disk
13	COMMAND INFO command-name [command-name …] Get array of specific Redis command details
14	CONFIG GET parameter Get the value of a configuration parameter
15	CONFIG REWRITE Rewrite the configuration file with the in memory configuration
16	CONFIG SET parameter value Set a configuration parameter to the given value
17	CONFIG RESETSTAT Reset the stats returned by INFO
18	DBSIZE Return the number of keys in the selected database
19	DEBUG OBJECT key Get debugging information about a key
20	DEBUG SEGFAULT Make the server crash
21	FLUSHALL Remove all keys from all databases
22	FLUSHDB Remove all keys from the current database
23	INFO [section] Get information and statistics about the server
24	LASTSAVE Get the UNIX time stamp of the last successful save to disk
25	MONITOR Listen for all requests received by the server in real time
26	ROLE Return the role of the instance in the context of replication
27	SAVE Synchronously save the dataset to disk
28	SHUTDOWN [NOSAVE] [SAVE] Synchronously save the dataset to disk and then shut down the server
29	SLAVEOF host port Make the server a slave of another instance, or promote it as master
30	SLOWLOG subcommand [argument] Manages the Redis slow queries log
31	SYNC command used for replication
32	TIME Return the current server time

Redis - 备份

• 语法 和例子

1. 127.0.0.1:6379> SAVE
3. OK

• 恢复Redis数据

  • 通过CONFIG 命令获得数据的存储路径：

    1. 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG get dir
    3. 1)"dir"
    4. 2)"/user/tutorialspoint/redis-2.8.13/src"

  • 恢复（BGSAVE）

    2. 127.0.0.1:6379> BGSAVE
    4. Background saving started

Redis - 安全

默认状态下，Redis没有密码，要在设置密码：

1. 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG set requirepass "tutorialspoint"
2. OK
3. 127.0.0.1:6379> CONFIG get requirepass
4. 1)"requirepass"
5. 2)"tutorialspoint"
7. 127.0.0.1:6379> AUTH "tutorialspoint"
8. OK
9. 127.0.0.1:6379> SET mykey "Test value"
10. OK
11. 127.0.0.1:6379> GET mykey
12. "Test value"

Redis 监控执行效率(Benchmarks)

• 语法

1. redis-benchmark [option][option value]
2. 例如：
3. redis-benchmark -n 100000

S.N. Option Description Default Value

1	-h	Specifies server host name	127.0.0.1
2	-p	Specifies server port	6379
3	-s	Specifies server socket
4	-c	Specifies number of parallel connections	50
5	-n	Specifies total number of requests	10000
6	-d	Specifies data size of SET/GET value in bytes	2
7	-k	1=keep alive 0=reconnect	1
8	-r	Use random keys for SET/GET/INCR, random values for SADD
9	-p	Pipeline requests	1
10	-q	Forces Quiet to redis. Just show query/sec values
11	–csv	Output in CSV format
12	-l	Generates loop, Run the tests forever
13	-t	Only run the comma-separated list of tests.
14	-I	Idle mode. Just open N idle connections and wait.

• 例子

1. redis-benchmark -h 127.0.0.1-p 6379-t set,lpush -n 100000-q
3. SET:146198.83 requests per second
4. LPUSH:145560.41 requests per second

Redis - 客户端连接(Client Connection)

• 客户端最大连接数

1. config get maxclients
2. 1)"maxclients"
3. 2)"10000"

• Client 命令列表

S.N. Command Description

1	CLIENT LIST	Returns the list of clients connected to redis server
2	CLIENT SETNAME	Assigns a name to the current connection
3	CLIENT GETNAME	Returns the name of the current connection as set by CLIENT SETNAME.
4	CLIENT PAUSE	This is a connections control command able to suspend all the Redis clients for the specified amount of time (in milliseconds).
5	CLIENT KILL	This command closes a given client connection.

Redis 管道(Pipelining)

请求-应答模式

Redis - 分区(Partitioning)

将数据分布到不同的redis实例中

• 分区动机

  更好的利用多台机器的存储资源横向扩展，毕竟单台机器的存储资源是有限的。 
  更好的利用多台计算机的处理器资源、网络带宽资源。

Redis - Java

• 安装下载: jedis.jar 
  https://github.com/xetorthio/jedis 
  https://github.com/xetorthio/jedis/releases 
  jedis-jedis-2.9.0.tar.gz

• 连接 Redis Server

1. import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
2. publicclassRedisJava{
3. publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){
4. //Connecting to Redis server on localhost
5. Jedis jedis =newJedis("localhost");
6. System.out.println("Connection to server sucessfully");
7. //check whether server is running or not
8. System.out.println("Server is running: "+jedis.ping());
9. }
10. }
12. $javac RedisJava.java
13. $java RedisJava
14. Connection to server sucessfully
15. Serveris running: PONG

• Redis Java String Example

1. import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
2. publicclassRedisStringJava{
3. publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){
4. //Connecting to Redis server on localhost
5. Jedis jedis =newJedis("localhost");
6. System.out.println("Connection to server sucessfully");
7. //set the data in redis string
8. jedis.set("tutorial-name","Redis tutorial");
9. // Get the stored data and print it
10. System.out.println("Stored string in redis:: "+ jedis.get("tutorial-name"));
11. }
12. }
14. $javac RedisStringJava.java
15. $java RedisStringJava
16. Connection to server sucessfully
17. Storedstringin redis::Redis tutorial

• Redis Java List Example

1. import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
2. publicclassRedisListJava{
3. publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){
4. //Connecting to Redis server on localhost
5. Jedis jedis =newJedis("localhost");
6. System.out.println("Connection to server sucessfully");
7. //store data in redis list
8. jedis.lpush("tutorial-list","Redis");
9. jedis.lpush("tutorial-list","Mongodb");
10. jedis.lpush("tutorial-list","Mysql");
11. // Get the stored data and print it
12. List<String> list = jedis.lrange("tutorial-list",0,5);
13. for(int i=0; i<list.size(); i++){
14. System.out.println("Stored string in redis:: "+list.get(i));
15. }
16. }
17. }
19. $javac RedisListJava.java
20. $java RedisListJava
21. Connection to server sucessfully
22. Storedstringin redis::Redis
23. Storedstringin redis::Mongodb
24. Storedstringin redis::Mysql

• Redis Java Keys Example

1. import redis.clients.jedis.Jedis;
2. publicclassRedisKeyJava{
3. publicstaticvoid main(String[] args){
4. //Connecting to Redis server on localhost
5. Jedis jedis =newJedis("localhost");
6. System.out.println("Connection to server sucessfully");
7. //store data in redis list
8. // Get the stored data and print it
9. List<String> list = jedis.keys("*");
10. for(int i=0; i<list.size(); i++){
11. System.out.println("List of stored keys:: "+list.get(i));
12. }
13. }
14. }
16. $javac RedisKeyJava.java
17. $java RedisKeyJava
18. Connection to server sucessfully
19. List of stored keys:: tutorial-name
20. List of stored keys:: tutorial-list

参考资料

 

• Useful Links on Redis 
  Redis Documentation − Redis’s official website for its latest docs and updates. 
  http://redis.io/ 
  Redis Downloads − Official website to download latest release of Redis. 
  http://redis.io/download 
  Wiki page on Redis − A short tutorial on Redis.

• PDF 
  《Redis IN ACTION》 
  《Redis The Definitive Guide》 
  《Redis Cookbook》