`
flex_莫冲
  • 浏览: 1085187 次
  • 性别: Icon_minigender_1
  • 来自: 广州
社区版块
存档分类
最新评论

[effective python]改善python代码的91个建议-chapter2

阅读更多
编程惯例
1 assert
x = 1
y = 2
assert x == y, "Not equals"


python -O .\asserttest.py # 加上-O 参数禁止断言

## 建议9 数据交换值不推荐使用中间变量
x = 1
y = 2
y, x = x, y
print x
print y


遇到表达式赋值表达式的右边操作数优先于左边的操作数计算,例如

expr3, expr4 = expr1, expr2
的执行顺序:
expr1->expr2->expr3->expr4

使用dis模块进行代码层次的性能剖析
http://blog.csdn.net/handsomekang/article/details/41479597

## 建议10 充分利用lasy evaluation惰性计算
def fib():
    a, b = 0, 1
    while True:
        yield a 
        a, b = b, a+b

from itertools import islice
print list(islice(fib(), 5))

## 建议11 理解枚舉替代實現的缺陷
class Seasons:
    Spring = 0
    Summer = 1
    Autumn = 2
    Winter = 3


可以用以下簡化
class Seasons:
    Spring, Summer, Autumn, Winter = range(4)


## 建議12 不建議使用type來進行類型檢查
基於內建類型擴展的用戶自定義類型,type函數並不能準確返回結果

可以用isinstance(n, int) 來判斷

## 建議13 盡量轉換為浮點類型後再做除法
gpa = ((4*96 + 3*85 + 5*98 + 2*70) * 4) / ((4+3+5+2) * 100)
print gpa


輸出3
gpa = float(((4*96 + 3*85 + 5*98 + 2*70) * 4)) / float(((4+3+5+2) * 100))

轉換成float類型後,輸出3.62571428571 python3已經不存在這個問題了

也可以通過
from __future__ import division
gpa = ((4*96 + 3*85 + 5*98 + 2*70) * 4) / ((4+3+5+2) * 100)
print gpa


輸出也是3.62571428571

i = 1
while i != 1.5:
    i = i + 0.1
    print i


以上代碼並不會如願輸出到1.5 就停止。而是會不斷循環。
因為0.1轉換成二進制形式,1001會無限循環,i != 1.5 永遠為true

如果計算對精度要求高,可以使用Decimal來進行處理或將浮點數盡量擴大為整數,計算完畢後再傳回去

建議14 警惕eval()的安全漏洞

建議15 使用enumerate()獲取序列迭代的索引和值


第一種寫法
li = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
index = 0
for i in li:
    print "index:", index, "element:", i 
    index+=1 


第二種寫法
li = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
for i in range(len(li)):
    print "index:", i , "element:", li[i]


第三種寫法
li = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
index = 0
while index < len(li):
    print "index:", index , "element:", li[index]
    index += 1 


第四種寫法
li = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
for i, e in zip(range(len(li)), li):
    print "index:", i , "element:", e



第五種寫法(推薦)
li = ['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e']
for i, e in enumerate(li):
    print "index:", i , "element:", e



enumerate()的內部實現
def enumerate(sequence, start=0):
    n = start
    for elem in sequence:
        yield n, e
lem
        n += 1

enumerate()不適合字典{},字典建議用iteritems()
persioninfo = {"name":"Jon", 'age': '20', 'hobby':'football'}
for k, v in persioninfo.iteritems():
    print k, ":", v
	

## 建議16 分清==與is的適用場景

通過id()函數來看這些變量在內存中的具體存儲空間

is: object identity 對象標識符,比較是否同一個內存空間
==: equal

## 建議17 考慮兼容性,盡量使用unicode
# coding=utf-8
s = "中文測試" + u"Chinese Test"
print s

s會報錯
解決方法1:
s = "中文測試".decode("gbk") + u"Chinese Test"


解決方法2:
s = "中文測試" + u"Chinese Test".encode("utf-8")

解決方法3:(推薦) 自動將定義的普通字符識別為unicode字符串
from __future__ import unicode_literals
s = "中文測試" + u"Chinese Test"


建議18 構建合理的包層次來管理module

__init__.py 的作用:
1 使包和普通目录区分
2 在该文件中申明模块级别的import语句,从而使其变成包级别可见
如果__init__.py文件为空,当意图使用
from Package import * 将包package中所有的模块导入当前命名空间时并不能使的导入的模块生效
以*导入时,package内的module是受__init__.py限制的。
__all__ = ['module_12', 'module_13']


http://www.cnpythoner.com/post/2.html

分享到:
评论

相关推荐

    Python for DevOps Learn Ruthlessly Effective Automation.pdf

    In this chapter, we draw on our decades of Python DevOps experience to teach only the elements of the language that you need. These are the parts of Python you use daily. They form the essential ...

    Effective-Robotics-Programming-with-ROS——中文学习笔记

    在开始深入学习《Effective Robotics Programming with ROS》之前,首先需要搭建一个合适的开发环境。本书的学习笔记主要基于ROS (Robot Operating System) Indigo版本进行讲解。为了能够顺利运行书中提供的示例代码...

    Use MySQL with Python - M. MOka

    learn to use many more advanced features of Python for MySQL that facilitate effective administration of your database through Python. Every chapter is illustrated with a project that you can deploy ...

    Scientific.Computing.with.Python.3.2nd.Ed.epub

    Python is an effective tool to use when coupling scientific computing and mathematics and this book will teach you how to use it for linear algebra, arrays, plotting, iterating, functions, ...

    Mastering Python Data Visualization(PACKT,2015)

    Commencing with a chapter on the data framework, the book covers the complete visualization process, using the most popular Python libraries with working examples. You will learn how to use NumPy, ...

    Machine.Learning.in.Python

    Chapter 2 Understand the Problem by Understanding the Data Chapter 3 Predictive Model Building: Balancing Performance, Complexity, and Big Data Chapter 4 Penalized Linear Regression Chapter 5 Building...

    Fluent.Python.1491946008

    With this hands-on guide, you’ll learn how to write effective, idiomatic Python code by leveraging its best—and possibly most neglected—features. Author Luciano Ramalho takes you through Python’s...

    Numerical.Python.2nd.Edition

    scientific thinking is a fundamental requirement for effective computational work. Equally important is solid training in computer programming and computer science. The role of this book is to bridge ...

    Learning.Django.Web.Development

    Chapter 2. Getting Started Chapter 3. Code Style in Django Chapter 4. Building an Application Like Twitter Chapter 5. Introducing Hashtags Chapter 6. Enhancing the User Interface with AJAX Chapter 7. ...

    Django.Unleashed.0321985079.epub

    Chapter 2 Hello World: Building a Basic Webpage in Django Chapter 3 Programming Django Models and Creating a SQLite Database Chapter 4 Rapidly Producing Flexible HTML with Django Templates Chapter 5 ...

    Selenium.Testing.Tools.Cookbook.2nd.Edition.178439251

    Chapter 2: Finding Elements Chapter 3: Working with Elements Chapter 4: Working with Selenium API Chapter 5: Synchronizing Tests Chapter 6: Working with Alerts, Frames, and Windows Chapter 7: Data-...

Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics