问题描述:
Given a binary tree, return the postorder traversal of its nodes' values.
For example:
Given binary tree {1,#,2,3}
,
1 \ 2 / 3
return [3,2,1]
.
Note: Recursive solution is trivial, could you do it iteratively?
原问题链接:https://leetcode.com/problems/binary-tree-postorder-traversal/
问题分析
和之前问题的讨论类似,关于二叉树的后序遍历,也是有固定的套路可循的。只是二叉树后续遍历的非递归解法确实比较复杂。需要仔细分析。
递归解法
这种解法还是固定的套路,首先递归的去看节点的左子节点,再去看节点的右子节点,再访问当前节点。在访问节点的时候将节点的值加入到列表中。
详细的代码实现如下:
/** * Definition for a binary tree node. * public class TreeNode { * int val; * TreeNode left; * TreeNode right; * TreeNode(int x) { val = x; } * } */ public class Solution { public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) { List<Integer> result = new LinkedList<>(); if(root == null) return result; postorderTraversal(root, result); return result; } private void postorderTraversal(TreeNode node, List<Integer> list) { if(node == null) return; if(node.left != null) postorderTraversal(node.left, list); if(node.right != null) postorderTraversal(node.right, list); list.add(node.val); } }
非递归解法
这种解法思路如下:对于任意一个节点,我们需要访问了它的左右子节点之后才能访问它。所以,我们可以这样来考虑,对于一个节点,先将它入栈,如果它的左右子节点为空,则可以直接访问它。另外,如果它的左右子节点都被访问过了,也可以访问它。如果不是以上的这两种情况,则先后将它的右子节点和左子节点入栈。这样保证了每次先访问左子节点,再访问右子节点。
/** * Definition for a binary tree node. * public class TreeNode { * int val; * TreeNode left; * TreeNode right; * TreeNode(int x) { val = x; } * } */ public class Solution { public List<Integer> postorderTraversal(TreeNode root) { List<Integer> result = new LinkedList<>(); LinkedList<TreeNode> stack = new LinkedList<>(); TreeNode cur, pre = null; if(root != null) { stack.push(root); while(!stack.isEmpty()) { cur = stack.peek(); if((cur.left == null && cur.right == null) || (pre != null && (pre == cur.left || pre == cur.right))) { result.add(cur.val); stack.pop(); pre = cur; } else { if(cur.right != null) stack.push(cur.right); if(cur.left != null) stack.push(cur.left); } } } return result; } }
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