oracle manual and setup

exp
exp pdm/pdm owner=pdm file=/tmp/e3k5dev1.exp

imp
imp pdm2/pdm2 fromuser=pdm touser=pdm2 file=e3k5dev1.exp

start oracle817
启动oracle数据库
$ svrmgrl
SVRMGR> connect internal
Connected.
SVRMGR> startup

start oracle10g
sqlplus
sys as sysdba
passwd
startup

shutdown oracle10g
sqlplus
sys as sysdba
passwd
SHUTDOWN immediate

查看listener是否启动
$ lsnrctl service

启动listener服务
$ lsnrctl start

关闭listener服务
$ lsnrctl stop

四处字符集
　　* 源数据库字符集；
　　* Export过程中用户会话字符集；
　　* Import过程中用户会话字符集；
　　* 目标数据库字符集。

检查数据库字符集:
　　通过InitXXXX.ora文件进行查看；
　　借助SQL语句查看： SELECT NAME,VALUE$ FROM SYS.PROPS$ WHERE NAME='NLS_CHARACTERSET';

Export、Import用户会话字符集
在Windows系统中也可以通过注册表中的NLS_LANG进行查看或修改，
对于Unix系统则可通过设置用户的环境变量NLS_LANG来查看或修改。

Oracle Install

1. Logging In to the System as root

2. Checking the Hardware Requirements

 The system must meet the following minimum hardware requirements:
 (1) At least 1024 MB of physical RAM
 (2) 400 MB of disk space in the /tmp directory
 (3) Between 1.5 GB and 3.5 GB of disk space for the Oracle software, depending on 
     the installation type
 (4) 1.2 GB of disk space for a preconfigured database that uses file system storage (optional)
 
 To ensure that the system meets these requirements, follow these steps:
 
 (1) To determine the physical RAM size, enter the following command:
 
   # /usr/sbin/prtconf | grep "Memory size"
 
 (2) To determine the size of the configured swap space, enter the following command:
 
   # /usr/sbin/swap -s
 
 (3) To determine the available RAM and swap space, enter the following command:
 
   # sar -r n i
 
  (4) To determine the amount of free disk space available in the /tmp directory, enter 
     the following command:
 
   # df -k /tmp
   # df -h /tmp (on Solaris 10)''
 
 (5) To determine the amount of free disk space available on the system, enter the 
     following command:
 
   # df -k
   # df -h (on Solaris 10)

3. Checking the Software Requirements

 The system must meet the following minimum software requirements, 
 depending on the distribution and version of your operating system:
 
 (1) The operating system version must be Solaris 8 Update 7 or later, 
     Solaris 9 update 6 or later, or Solaris 10.
 (2) The following packages (or later versions) must be installed:
     SUNWarc
     SUNWbtool
     SUNWhea
     SUNWlibm
     SUNWlibms
     SUNWsprot
     SUNWtoo
     SUNWi1of
     SUNWi1cs
     SUNWi15cs
     SUNWxwfnt
     SUNWsprox
 
 To ensure that the system meets these requirements, follow these steps:
 
 (1) To determine which version of Solaris is installed, enter the following command:
     
     # uname -r
     
     5.9
     
     In this example, the version shown is Solaris 9 (5.9). 
     If necessary, refer to your operating system documentation for information about 
     upgrading the operating system.
 
 (2) To determine whether the required packages are installed, enter a command 
     similar to the following:
   
     # pkginfo -i SUNWarc SUNWbtool SUNWhea SUNWlibm \ SUNWlibms SUNWsprot 
       SUNWsprox SUNWtoo SUNWi1of \
       SUNWi1cs SUNWi15cs SUNWxwfnt
     
     If a package is not installed, or if the version is lower than the required version, 
     then install it.

4. Creating Required Operating System Groups and User

 The following local operating system groups and users are required if you are 
 installing Oracle Database:
 (1) The Oracle Inventory group (oinstall)
 (2) The OSDBA group (dba)
 (3) The Oracle software owner (oracle)
 (4) An unprivileged user (nobody)
 
 To determine whether these groups and users already exist, and if necessary, to 
 create them, follow these steps:
 
 (1) To determine whether the oinstall group exists, enter the following command:
 
     # more /var/opt/oracle/oraInst.loc
 
     If the output of this command shows the oinstall group name, then the group 
     already exists.
 
 (2) To determine whether the dba group exists, enter the following command:
   
     # grep dba /etc/group
 
     If the output from this commands shows the dba group name, then the 
     group already exists.
 
 (3) If necessary, enter the following commands to create the oinstall and dba 
     groups:
 
     # /usr/sbin/groupadd oinstall
     # /usr/sbin/groupadd dba
 
 (4) To determine whether the oracle user exists and belongs to the correct 
     groups, enter the following command:
 
     # id -a oracle
 
     If the oracle user exists, this command displays information about the 
     groups to which the user belongs. The output should be similar to the 
     following, indicating that oinstall is the primary group and dba is a 
     secondary group:
   
     uid=440(oracle) gid=200(oinstall) groups=201(dba),202(oper)
 
 (5) If necessary, complete one of the following actions:
     If the oracle user exists, but its primary group is not oinstall or it is 
     not a member of the dba group, then enter the following command: 
       
     # /usr/sbin/usermod -g oinstall -G dba oracle
 
     If the oracle user does not exist, enter the following command to create 
     it:
 
     # /usr/sbin/useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
 
     This command creates the oracle user and specifies oinstall as the 
     primary group and dba as the secondary group.
 
 (6) Enter the following command to set the password of the oracle user:
 
     # passwd -r files oracle
 
 (7) To determine whether the nobody user exists, enter the following command:
 
     # id nobody
 
     If this command displays information about the nobody user, then you do 
     not have to create the user.
     If the nobody user does not exist, then enter the following command to 
     create it:
 
     # /usr/sbin/useradd nobody

5. Creating Required Directories

 Create directories with names similar to the following, and specify the correct 
 owner, group, and permissions for them:
 (1) The Oracle base directory
 (2) An optional Oracle data file directory (optional)
 The Oracle base directory must have 3 GB of free disk space, or 4 GB of free disk 
 space if you choose not to create a separate Oracle data file directory.
 
 To create the required directories and specify the correct owner, group, and 
 permissions for them:
 (1) Enter the following command to create subdirectories in the mount point directory 
     that you identified for the Oracle base directory:
 
     # mkdir -p /pdmdev1/app/oracle
 
 (2) If you intend to use a second file system for the Oracle Database files, then create 
     an oradata subdirectory in the mount point directory that you identified for the Oracle 
     data file directory:
    
     # mkdir /pdmdev1/data/oradata
 
 (3) Change the owner and group of the directories that you created to the oracle user 
     and the oinstall group:
 
     # chown -R oracle:oinstall /pdmdev1/app/oracle
     # chown -R oracle:oinstall /pdmdev1/data/oradata
 
 (4) Change the permissions on the directories that you created to 775:
 
     # chmod -R 775 /pdmdev1/app/oracle
     # chmod -R 775 /pdmdev1/data/oradata

6. Configuring the oracle User's Environment

 You run Oracle Universal Installer from the oracle account. However, before 
 you start Oracle Universal Installer, you must configure the environment of the 
 oracle user. To configure the environment, you must:
 (1) Set the default file mode creation mask (umask) to 022 in the shell startup file.
 (2) Set the DISPLAY environment variable.
 
 To set the oracle user's environment:
 (1) log in to that system as the oracle user.
 (2) Enter or edit the following line in the shell startup file, specifying a 
     value of 022 for the default file mode creation mask:
     
     umask 022
 
 (3) If the ORACLE_SID, ORACLE_HOME, or ORACLE_BASE environment variable is set in the file,
     then remove the appropriate lines from the file.
 
 (4) To run the shell startup script, enter the following command
 
     $ . ./.profile
 
 (5) If you are not installing the software on the local system, then enter a command 
     similar to the following to direct X applications to display on the local system:
 
     $ DISPLAY=172.24.151.37:0.0 ; export DISPLAY
 
 (6) If you determined that the /tmp directory had insufficient free disk space 
     when checking the hardware requirements, then enter the following commands to 
     set the TMP and TMPDIR environment variables. Specify a directory on a file 
     system with sufficient free disk space.
 
     $ TMP=/directory
     $ TMPDIR=/directory
     $ export TMP TMPDIR
 
 (7) Enter commands similar to the following to set the ORACLE_BASE and ORACLE_SID 
     environment variables:
 
     $ ORACLE_BASE=/pdmdev1/app/oracle
     $ ORACLE_SID=PLM
     $ export ORACLE_BASE ORACLE_SID
 
 (8) Enter the following commands to ensure that the ORACLE_HOME and TNS_ADMIN 
     environment variables are not set:
 
     $ unset ORACLE_HOME
     $ unset TNS_ADMIN
 
 (9) To verify that the environment has been set correctly, enter the following 
     commands:
 
     $ umask
     $ env | more
 
     Verify that the umask command displays a value of 22, 022, or 0022 and the 
     environment variables that you set in this section have the correct values.

7. Installing Oracle Database

 After configuring the oracle user¡¯s environment, start Oracle Universal 
 Installer and install Oracle Database, as follows:
 (1) Start X Window on your local machine. (eg: Exceed) 
 (2) If the installation files are on the hard disk, change directory to the db 
     directory and enter the following command:
 
     $ ./runInstaller