在Ubuntu通过Nginx和uwsgi部署Flask

以下基本是在文章 在Ubuntu上使用Nginx部署Flask 应用 上做了部分调整，没有使用virtualenv，python版本3.4。

 

依赖

安装pip3

sudo apt-get install python3-setuptools
sudo easy_install3 pip

 

安装python3-dev，uwsgi依赖，否则直接安装uwsgi可能会遇到python.h找不到的问题

sudo apt-get install python3-dev

 

安装Flask

sudo pip3 install Flask

 

安装uwsgi

sudo pip3 install uwsgi

 

 

项目路径

将Flask项目移动到/var/www/目录下（非必须），假设工程文件夹叫做pydemo，该文件夹下包含的Flask入口文件为demo.py，

设置一下项目文件权限归xuanzhui所有

 

sudo chown -R xuanzhui:xuanzhui /var/www/pydemo/

注意：按照Flask官网的说法，部署的python文件中，所有app.run() 必须放在if __name__ == '__main__'中

 

Please make sure in advance that any app.run() calls you might have in your application file are inside an if __name__ == '__main__': block or moved to a separate file. Just make sure it’s not called because this will always start a local WSGI server which we do not want if we deploy that application to uWSGI.

 

Nginx

安装

 

sudo apt-get install nginx

 

配置文件路径 /etc/nginx/conf.d/

 

启动

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx start

 

停止

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx stop

 

重启

sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart

 

 

配置Nginx

删除默认的配置文件（不删也无所谓）

 

sudo rm /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/default

直接在工程目录下创建一个配置文件/var/www/pydemo/pydemo_nginx.conf

 

文件内容

 

server {
    listen      80;
    server_name localhost;
    charset     utf-8;
    client_max_body_size 75M;
 
    location / { try_files $uri @yourapplication; }

    location /static {
        root /var/www/pydemo/;
    }

    location @yourapplication {
        include uwsgi_params;
        uwsgi_pass unix:/var/www/pydemo/pydemo_uwsgi.sock;
    }
}

将刚建立的配置文件使用符号链接到Nginx配置文件文件夹中，重启Nginx

 

 

sudo ln -s /var/www/pydemo/pydemo_nginx.conf /etc/nginx/conf.d/
sudo /etc/init.d/nginx restart

 

 

配置uWSGI

在工程目录下创建配置文件 /var/www/pydemo/pydemo_uwsgi.ini

文件内容

 

[uwsgi]
#application's base folder
base = /var/www/pydemo
chdir = /var/www/pydemo
 
#python module to import
module = demo

pythonpath = /usr/bin/python3.4
 
#socket file's location
#%n the file name without extension
socket = /var/www/pydemo/%n.sock
 
#permissions for the socket file
chmod-socket = 666
 
#the variable that holds a flask application inside the module
callable = app
 
#location of log files
logto = /var/log/uwsgi/%n.log

chdir在下面启动uwsgi emperor时是必须的

 

socket要和nginx中设置uwsgi_pass的文件名一致

 

然后创建log存放的文件夹并设置该文件夹的权限归xuanzhui

 

sudo mkdir -p /var/log/uwsgi
sudo chown -R xuanzhui:xuanzhui /var/log/uwsgi

 

 

此时运行uwsgi，通过localhost就可以访问资源

 

uwsgi --ini /var/www/pydemo/pydemo_uwsgi.ini

 

 

为了让uwsgi在后台运行，继续配置emperor，此处使用systemd

uWSGI Emperor

创建一个systemd unit文件 /etc/systemd/system/emperor.uwsgi.service

文件内容

 

[Unit]
Description=uWSGI Emperor
After=syslog.target

[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/uwsgi --master --emperor /etc/uwsgi/vassals --die-on-te
rm --uid xuanzhui --gid xuanzhui --logto /var/log/uwsgi/emperor.log
# Requires systemd version 211 or newer
RuntimeDirectory=uwsgi
Restart=always
KillSignal=SIGQUIT 
Type=notify
StandardError=syslog
NotifyAccess=all

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

 

ExecStart运行uWSGI守护进程并让它到/etc/uwsgi/vassals文件夹查找配置文件。创建这个文件夹，在其中建立一个链到我们刚创建配置文件的符号链接。

 

sudo mkdir /etc/uwsgi && sudo mkdir /etc/uwsgi/vassals
sudo ln -s /var/www/pydemo/pydemo_uwsgi.ini /etc/uwsgi/vassals

 

 

 

sudo systemctl enable emperor.uwsgi.service

 

enable之后将上面的uwsgi进程kill掉，启动emperor服务，所有配置完成

sudo systemctl start emperor.uwsgi.service

 

 

关闭

sudo systemctl stop emperor.uwsgi.service

 

重启

sudo systemctl restart emperor.uwsgi.service

 

 

日志文件

uWSGI Emperor将日志写到/var/log/uwsgi/emperor.log；这个文件夹还包含着每个应用的单独日志：/var/log/uwsgi/pydemo_uwsgi.log。

 

ref http://uwsgi-docs.readthedocs.org/en/latest/Systemd.html