linux新加硬盘 格式化 分区 挂载

 

 

0 前言： 要把机器硬盘挂载到linux文件系统，操作流程如下：

 

1 目前情况：

[root@localhost ~]# df -lh   目前是linux文件系统只挂载如下硬盘
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3             193G  1.8G  181G   1% /
tmpfs                  32G     0   32G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             194M   32M  153M  18% /boot


[root@localhost ~]# fdisk -l  查看硬盘情况， 现在是下面这些磁盘都没有被挂载到linux文件系统中，

Disk /dev/sda: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
Disk /dev/sdb: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
Disk /dev/sdd: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
Disk /dev/sdc: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
Disk /dev/sde: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes
Disk /dev/sdf: 1000.2 GB, 1000204886016 bytes

 

2 如下是以其中一个磁盘挂载为例，其余磁盘挂载请顺序按照如下方式执行：

 

[root@localhost ~]# fdisk /dev/sdb    创建分区/dev/sdb 
WARNING: DOS-compatible mode is deprecated. It's strongly recommended to
         switch off the mode (command 'c') and change display units to
         sectors (command 'u').

Command (m for help): n   (n表示新创建)
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p (p表示主分区)
Partition number (1-4): 1   输入分区号
First cylinder (1-121601, default 1): 2   
Last cylinder, +cylinders or +size{K,M,G} (2-121601, default 121601): 
Using default value 121601

Command (m for help): w     输入w表示写入
The partition table has been altered!

Calling ioctl() to re-read partition table.
Syncing disks.

[root@localhost ~]# mkfs.ext3 /dev/sdb     格式化分区 
mke2fs 1.41.12 (17-May-2010)
/dev/sdb is entire device, not just one partition!
Proceed anyway? (y,n) y
Filesystem label=
OS type: Linux
Block size=4096 (log=2)
Fragment size=4096 (log=2)
Stride=0 blocks, Stripe width=0 blocks
61054976 inodes, 244190646 blocks
12209532 blocks (5.00%) reserved for the super user
First data block=0
Maximum filesystem blocks=4294967296
7453 block groups
32768 blocks per group, 32768 fragments per group
8192 inodes per group
Superblock backups stored on blocks: 
        32768, 98304, 163840, 229376, 294912, 819200, 884736, 1605632, 2654208, 
        4096000, 7962624, 11239424, 20480000, 23887872, 71663616, 78675968, 
        102400000, 214990848

Writing inode tables: done                            
Creating journal (32768 blocks): done
Writing superblocks and filesystem accounting information: 
disksdb                                                               
done

This filesystem will be automatically checked every 38 mounts or
180 days, whichever comes first.  Use tune2fs -c or -i to override.

 

3 硬盘挂载：

 

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/disk1   linux文件系统中创建挂载文件
[root@localhost ~]# mount /dev/sdb /mnt/disk1   将格式化的磁盘挂载到 /mnt/disk1文件系统中
[root@localhost ~]# df -lh   查看挂载效果
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3             193G  1.8G  181G   1% /
tmpfs                  32G     0   32G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             194M   32M  153M  18% /boot
/dev/sdb              917G  200M  871G   1% /mnt/disk1   此时已经挂载上

 

 此时，需要将格式化的磁盘id加入到/etc/fstab下 否则重启机器后 挂载消失，

如下是 将磁盘变更为 ext4格式的流程和 磁盘id加入到 etc/fstab下：

 

[root@chinadaas11 mnt]# blkid   查看id
/dev/sda3: UUID="e39fe821-b9bf-4c5f-9cba-44e3894fbb5f" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/sda1: UUID="f752b4fd-c214-433c-8e85-3d25952c7c01" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="8e327f42-89e1-4188-9448-45493b6706a1" TYPE="swap" 
/dev/sde: UUID="772ff875-b41f-44cd-9b43-c8c73e4c1c54" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" 
/dev/sdc: UUID="6cc8d885-cee6-4572-a4fc-08364c042232" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" 
/dev/sdb: UUID="daf891c2-1ed4-4c86-8abb-49f9fd653a16" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" 
/dev/sdf: UUID="f2d704e6-874d-44be-bcb9-501caf653fd9" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" 
/dev/sdd: UUID="1a3cd2ff-1e0e-4c17-8b51-80b2e3fbb2c7" SEC_TYPE="ext2" TYPE="ext3" 
[root@chinadaas11 mnt]# mkfs.ext4 /dev/sde   将盘格式化成ext4格式
都格式化后，查看为：
[root@chinadaas11 mnt]# blkid
/dev/sda3: UUID="e39fe821-b9bf-4c5f-9cba-44e3894fbb5f" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/sda1: UUID="f752b4fd-c214-433c-8e85-3d25952c7c01" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/sda2: UUID="8e327f42-89e1-4188-9448-45493b6706a1" TYPE="swap" 
/dev/sde: UUID="af7114ea-347a-4560-b545-cb4ccfa3b676" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/sdc: UUID="6d6bd411-178e-47d7-ad55-8ef1529f1253" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/sdb: UUID="4671f6c4-eb6e-42a6-8de9-4800f23e1065" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/sdf: UUID="65139d07-0a7b-4992-8d1e-94b68170fa32" TYPE="ext4" 
/dev/sdd: UUID="8542eb1d-a6e3-435e-baab-1d05bb7d79b3" TYPE="ext4"
然后将格式化好的挂载到 /mnt下的各个目录下，
[root@chinadaas11 mnt]# df -lh
Filesystem            Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
/dev/sda3             193G   16G  168G   9% /
tmpfs                  32G     0   32G   0% /dev/shm
/dev/sda1             194M   32M  153M  18% /boot
/dev/sde              917G  200M  871G   1% /mnt/disk1
/dev/sdc              917G  200M  871G   1% /mnt/disk2
/dev/sdb              917G  200M  871G   1% /mnt/disk3
/dev/sdf              917G  200M  871G   1% /mnt/disk4
/dev/sdd              917G  200M  871G   1% /mnt/disk5

格式化后，需要 #vi /etc/fstab 
将你格式化好的盘通过 blkid的id加到fstab去 否则重启机器的话，格式化好的盘数据将会丢失
加入的写法如下：
UUID=e39fe821-b9bf-4c5f-9cba-44e3894fbb5f /                       ext4    defaults        1 1
UUID=f752b4fd-c214-433c-8e85-3d25952c7c01 /boot                   ext4    defaults        1 2
UUID=8e327f42-89e1-4188-9448-45493b6706a1 swap                    swap    defaults        0 0
tmpfs                   /dev/shm                tmpfs   defaults        0 0
devpts                  /dev/pts                devpts  gid=5,mode=620  0 0
sysfs                   /sys                    sysfs   defaults        0 0
proc                    /proc                   proc    defaults        0 0
UUID=af7114ea-347a-4560-b545-cb4ccfa3b676 /mnt/disk1 ext4 defaults        0 0
UUID=6d6bd411-178e-47d7-ad55-8ef1529f1253 /mnt/disk2 ext4 defaults        0 0
UUID=4671f6c4-eb6e-42a6-8de9-4800f23e1065 /mnt/disk3 ext4 defaults        0 0
UUID=65139d07-0a7b-4992-8d1e-94b68170fa32 /mnt/disk4 ext4 defaults        0 0
UUID=8542eb1d-a6e3-435e-baab-1d05bb7d79b3 /mnt/disk5 ext4 defaults        0 0

 

 

 

 

 

4 参考链接：

http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-25829053-id-3067619.html