用python做http接口自动化测试框架

一、测试需求描述

对服务后台一系列的http接口功能测试。

输入：根据接口描述构造不同的参数输入值

输出：XML文件

eg:http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/content_book_list.jsp?listid=1

二、实现方法

1、选用Python脚本来驱动测试

2、采用Excel表格管理测试数据，包括用例的管理、测试数据录入、测试结果显示等等，这个需要封装一个Excel的类即可。

3、调用http接口采用Python封装好的API即可

4、测试需要的http组装字符转处理即可

5、设置2个检查点，XML文件中的返回值字段（通过解析XML得到）；XML文件的正确性（文件对比）

 

6、首次执行测试采用半自动化的方式，即人工检查输出的XML文件是否正确，一旦正确将封存XML文件，为后续回归测试的预期结果，如果发现错误手工修正为预期文件。（注意不是每次测试都人工检查该文件，只首次测试的时候才检查）

三、Excel表格样式

 

四、实现代码（代码才是王道，有注释很容易就能看明白的）

1、测试框架代码

 

import os,sys, urllib, httplib, profile, datetime, time  
from xml2dict import XML2Dict  
import win32com.client  
from win32com.client import Dispatch  
import xml.etree.ElementTree as et  
#import MySQLdb  
  
#Excel表格中测试结果底色  
OK_COLOR=0xffffff  
NG_COLOR=0xff  
#NT_COLOR=0xffff  
NT_COLOR=0xC0C0C0  
  
#Excel表格中测试结果汇总显示位置  
TESTTIME=[1, 14]  
TESTRESULT=[2, 14]  
  
#Excel模版设置  
#self.titleindex=3        #Excel中测试用例标题行索引  
#self.casebegin =4        #Excel中测试用例开始行索引  
#self.argbegin   =3       #Excel中参数开始列索引  
#self.argcount  =8        #Excel中支持的参数个数  
class create_excel:  
    def __init__(self, sFile, dtitleindex=3, dcasebegin=4, dargbegin=3, dargcount=8):  
        self.xlApp = win32com.client.Dispatch('et.Application')   #MS:Excel  WPS:et  
        try:  
            self.book = self.xlApp.Workbooks.Open(sFile)  
        except:  
            print_error_info()  
            print "打开文件失败"  
            exit()  
        self.file=sFile  
        self.titleindex=dtitleindex  
        self.casebegin=dcasebegin  
        self.argbegin=dargbegin  
        self.argcount=dargcount  
        self.allresult=[]  
          
        self.retCol=self.argbegin+self.argcount  
        self.xmlCol=self.retCol+1  
        self.resultCol=self.xmlCol+1  
  
    def close(self):  
        #self.book.Close(SaveChanges=0)  
        self.book.Save()  
        self.book.Close()  
        #self.xlApp.Quit()  
        del self.xlApp  
          
    def read_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol):  
        try:  
            sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)  
            sValue=str(sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value)  
        except:  
            self.close()  
            print('读取数据失败')  
            exit()  
        #去除'.0'  
        if sValue[-2:]=='.0':  
            sValue = sValue[0:-2]  
        return sValue  
  
    def write_data(self, iSheet, iRow, iCol, sData, color=OK_COLOR):  
        try:  
            sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)  
            sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Value = sData.decode("utf-8")  
            sht.Cells(iRow, iCol).Interior.Color=color  
            self.book.Save()  
        except:  
            self.close()  
            print('写入数据失败')  
            exit()  
      
    #获取用例个数      
    def get_ncase(self, iSheet):  
        try:  
            return self.get_nrows(iSheet)-self.casebegin+1  
        except:  
            self.close()  
            print('获取Case个数失败')  
            exit()  
      
    def get_nrows(self, iSheet):  
        try:  
            sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)  
            return sht.UsedRange.Rows.Count  
        except:  
            self.close()  
            print('获取nrows失败')  
            exit()  
  
    def get_ncols(self, iSheet):  
        try:  
            sht = self.book.Worksheets(iSheet)  
            return sht.UsedRange.Columns.Count  
        except:  
            self.close()  
            print('获取ncols失败')  
            exit()  
      
    def del_testrecord(self, suiteid):  
        try:  
            #为提升性能特别从For循环提取出来  
            nrows=self.get_nrows(suiteid)+1  
            ncols=self.get_ncols(suiteid)+1  
            begincol=self.argbegin+self.argcount  
              
            #提升性能  
            sht = self.book.Worksheets(suiteid)  
  
            for row in range(self.casebegin, nrows):  
                for col in range(begincol, ncols):  
                    str=self.read_data(suiteid, row, col)  
                    #清除实际结果[]  
                    startpos = str.find('[')  
                    if startpos>0:  
                        str = str[0:startpos].strip()  
                        self.write_data(suiteid, row, col, str, OK_COLOR)  
                    else:  
                        #提升性能  
                        sht.Cells(row, col).Interior.Color = OK_COLOR  
                #清除TestResul列中的测试结果，设置为NT  
                self.write_data(suiteid, row,  self.argbegin+self.argcount+1, ' ', OK_COLOR)  
                self.write_data(suiteid, row, self.resultCol, 'NT', NT_COLOR)  
        except:  
            self.close()  
            print('清除数据失败')  
            exit()  
  
#执行调用  
def HTTPInvoke(IPPort, url):  
    conn = httplib.HTTPConnection(IPPort)  
    conn.request("GET", url)  
    rsps = conn.getresponse()  
    data = rsps.read()  
    conn.close()  
    return data  
  
#获取用例基本信息[Interface,argcount,[ArgNameList]]  
def get_caseinfo(Data, SuiteID):  
    caseinfolist=[]  
    sInterface=Data.read_data(SuiteID, 1, 2)   
    argcount=int(Data.read_data(SuiteID, 2, 2))   
      
    #获取参数名存入ArgNameList   
    ArgNameList=[]  
    for i in range(0, argcount):  
        ArgNameList.append(Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.titleindex, Data.argbegin+i))    
      
    caseinfolist.append(sInterface)  
    caseinfolist.append(argcount)  
    caseinfolist.append(ArgNameList)  
    return caseinfolist  
  
#获取输入  
def get_input(Data, SuiteID, CaseID, caseinfolist):  
    sArge=''  
    #参数组合  
    for j in range(0, caseinfolist[1]):  
        if Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j) != "None":  
            sArge=sArge+caseinfolist[2][j]+'='+Data.read_data(SuiteID, Data.casebegin+CaseID, Data.argbegin+j)+'&'   
      
    #去掉结尾的&字符  
    if sArge[-1:]=='&':  
        sArge = sArge[0:-1]     
    sInput=caseinfolist[0]+sArge    #组合全部参数  
    return sInput  
   
#结果判断   
def assert_result(sReal, sExpect):  
    sReal=str(sReal)  
    sExpect=str(sExpect)  
    if sReal==sExpect:  
        return 'OK'  
    else:  
        return 'NG'  
  
#将测试结果写入文件  
def write_result(Data, SuiteId, CaseId, resultcol, *result):  
    if len(result)>1:  
        ret='OK'  
        for i in range(0, len(result)):  
            if result[i]=='NG':  
                ret='NG'  
                break  
        if ret=='NG':  
            Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, NG_COLOR)  
        else:  
            Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,ret, OK_COLOR)  
        Data.allresult.append(ret)  
    else:  
        if result[0]=='NG':  
            Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NG_COLOR)  
        elif result[0]=='OK':  
            Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], OK_COLOR)  
        else:  #NT  
            Data.write_data(SuiteId, Data.casebegin+CaseId, resultcol,result[0], NT_COLOR)  
        Data.allresult.append(result[0])  
      
    #将当前结果立即打印  
    print 'case'+str(CaseId+1)+':', Data.allresult[-1]  
  
#打印测试结果  
def statisticresult(excelobj):  
    allresultlist=excelobj.allresult  
    count=[0, 0, 0]  
    for i in range(0, len(allresultlist)):  
        #print 'case'+str(i+1)+':', allresultlist[i]  
        count=countflag(allresultlist[i],count[0], count[1], count[2])  
    print 'Statistic result as follow:'  
    print 'OK:', count[0]  
    print 'NG:', count[1]  
    print 'NT:', count[2]  
  
#解析XmlString返回Dict  
def get_xmlstring_dict(xml_string):  
    xml = XML2Dict()  
    return xml.fromstring(xml_string)  
      
#解析XmlFile返回Dict   
def get_xmlfile_dict(xml_file):  
    xml = XML2Dict()  
    return xml.parse(xml_file)  
  
#去除历史数据expect[real]  
def delcomment(excelobj, suiteid, iRow, iCol, str):  
    startpos = str.find('[')  
    if startpos>0:  
        str = str[0:startpos].strip()  
        excelobj.write_data(suiteid, iRow, iCol, str, OK_COLOR)  
    return str  
      
#检查每个item （非结构体）  
def check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_dict, checklist, begincol):  
    ret='OK'  
    for checkid in range(0, len(checklist)):  
        real=real_dict[checklist[checkid]]['value']  
        expect=excelobj.read_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid)  
          
        #如果检查不一致测将实际结果写入expect字段，格式：expect[real]  
        #将return NG  
        result=assert_result(real, expect)  
        if result=='NG':  
            writestr=expect+'['+real+']'  
            excelobj.write_data(suiteid, excelobj.casebegin+caseid, begincol+checkid, writestr, NG_COLOR)  
            ret='NG'  
    return ret  
  
#检查结构体类型  
def check_struct_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin, structcount):  
    ret='OK'  
    if structcount>1:  #传入的是List  
        for structid in range(0, structcount):  
            structdict=real_struct_dict[structid]  
            temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,structdict, structlist, structbegin+structid*len(structlist))  
            if temp=='NG':  
                ret='NG'  
                       
    else: #传入的是Dict  
        temp=check_item(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,real_struct_dict, structlist, structbegin)  
        if temp=='NG':  
            ret='NG'  
              
    return ret  
  
#获取异常函数及行号  
def print_error_info():  
    """Return the frame object for the caller's stack frame."""  
    try:  
        raise Exception  
    except:  
        f = sys.exc_info()[2].tb_frame.f_back  
    print (f.f_code.co_name, f.f_lineno)    
  
#测试结果计数器，类似Switch语句实现  
def countflag(flag,ok, ng, nt):   
    calculation  = {'OK':lambda:[ok+1, ng, nt],    
                         'NG':lambda:[ok, ng+1, nt],                        
                         'NT':lambda:[ok, ng, nt+1]}       
    return calculation[flag]()  

 

 

2、项目测试代码

 

 

from testframe import *  
from common_lib import *  
  
httpString='http://xxx.com/xxx_product/test/'  
expectXmldir=os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/expect/'  
realXmldir=os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/real/'  
  
def run(interface_name, suiteid):  
    print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' Test Begin,please waiting...'  
    global expectXmldir, realXmldir  
      
    #根据接口名分别创建预期结果目录和实际结果目录  
    expectDir=expectXmldir+interface_name  
    realDir=realXmldir+interface_name  
    if os.path.exists(expectDir) == 0:  
        os.makedirs(expectDir)  
    if os.path.exists(realDir) == 0:  
        os.makedirs(realDir)  
      
    excelobj.del_testrecord(suiteid)  #清除历史测试数据  
    casecount=excelobj.get_ncase(suiteid) #获取case个数  
    caseinfolist=get_caseinfo(excelobj, suiteid) #获取Case基本信息  
      
    #遍历执行case  
    for caseid in range(0, casecount):  
        #检查是否执行该Case  
        if excelobj.read_data(suiteid,excelobj.casebegin+caseid, 2)=='N':  
            write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultCol, 'NT')  
            continue #当前Case结束，继续执行下一个Case  
          
        #获取测试数据  
        sInput=httpString+get_input(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, caseinfolist)     
        XmlString=HTTPInvoke(com_ipport, sInput)     #执行调用  
          
        #获取返回码并比较  
        result_code=et.fromstring(XmlString).find("result_code").text  
        ret1=check_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,result_code, excelobj.retCol)  
          
        #保存预期结果文件  
        expectPath=expectDir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml'  
        #saveXmlfile(expectPath, XmlString)  
          
        #保存实际结果文件  
        realPath=realDir+'/'+str(caseid+1)+'.xml'  
        saveXmlfile(realPath, XmlString)  
          
        #比较预期结果和实际结果  
        ret2= check_xmlfile(excelobj, suiteid, caseid,expectPath, realPath)  
          
        #写测试结果  
        write_result(excelobj, suiteid, caseid, excelobj.resultCol, ret1, ret2)  
    print '【'+interface_name+'】' + ' Test End!'  

 

 

3、测试入口

from testframe import *  
from xxx_server_case import *  
import xxx_server_case  
  
#产品系统接口测试  
#设置测试环境  
xxx_server_case.excelobj=create_excel(os.getcwd()+'/TestDir/xxx_Testcase.xls')  
xxx_server_case.com_ipport=xxx.com'  
  
#Add testsuite begin  
run("xxx_book_list", 4)  
#Add other suite from here  
#Add testsuite end  
  
statisticresult(xxx_server_case.excelobj)  
xxx_server_case.excelobj.close()

 

张元礼的博客 http://blog.csdn.net/vincetest