SpringMVC之hello world世界

SpringMVC之hello world世界
一、配置web.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" 
xmlns:web="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" 
xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" 
id="WebApp_ID" version="3.0">
  <display-name>SpringMVCLesson</display-name> 
    <servlet>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVCLesson</servlet-name>
        <servlet-class>org.springframework.web.servlet.DispatcherServlet</servlet-class> 
        <init-param>
            <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
            <param-value>classpath:springservlet-config.xml</param-value>
        </init-param>
        <load-on-startup>1</load-on-startup><!-- load-on-startup必须放在最后 -->
    </servlet>
    <!-- Spring MVC配置文件结束 -->
    
    <servlet-mapping>
        <servlet-name>SpringMVCLesson</servlet-name>
        <url-pattern>/</url-pattern>
    </servlet-mapping>
    
</web-app>

引用

DispatcherServlet主要就是拦截请求，然后调用对应的Controller和Action，解析和渲染指定的视图并返回响应，所以之后配置只需配置classpath:springservlet-config.xml文件即可，注意启动顺序

2、配置springservlet-config.xml文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xmlns:p="http://www.springframework.org/schema/p" 
  xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
  xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util"
  xmlns:mvc="http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc"
  xsi:schemaLocation="
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context 
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc
  http://www.springframework.org/schema/mvc/spring-mvc.xsd" >
    
    <!-- 默认的注解映射的支持 -->  
    <mvc:annotation-driven/>
      
    <!-- 如果当前请求为“/”时，则转发到“/helloworld/index” -->
    <mvc:view-controller path="/" view-name="forward:/helloworld/index"/> 
    <!-- 静态资源映射 -->
    <mvc:resources mapping="/js/**" location="/WEB-INF/js/" />
    <mvc:resources mapping="/css/**" location="/WEB-INF/css/" />
    <mvc:resources mapping="/fonts/**" location="/WEB-INF/fonts/" />
    <mvc:resources mapping="/plugins/**" location="/WEB-INF/plugins/" />
    <mvc:resources mapping="images/**" location="/WEB-INF/images/" />
    <!-- 当上面要访问的静态资源不包括在上面的配置中时，则根据此配置来访问 -->
    <mvc:default-servlet-handler/>

    <!-- 开启controller注解支持 -->
    <!-- use-default-filters="false" 只扫描指定的注解 -->
    <context:component-scan base-package="com.demo.web.controllers" use-default-filters="false">
        <context:include-filter type="annotation" expression="org.springframework.stereotype.Controller"/>
    </context:component-scan>
      
    <!-- 视图解析器 -->
    <bean class="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.InternalResourceViewResolver">
       <property name="viewClass" value="org.springframework.web.servlet.view.JstlView"/>
       <property name="contentType" value="text/html"/>        
       <property name="prefix" value="/WEB-INF/views/"/>
       <property name="suffix" value=".jsp"/>
    </bean>
    
</beans>

3、Controller类

package com.demo.web.controllers;

import org.springframework.stereotype.Controller;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.ModelAndView;

@Controller
@RequestMapping(value = "/helloworld")
public class HelloWorldController {

    @RequestMapping(value="/index", method = {RequestMethod.GET})
    public ModelAndView index(){
        
        ModelAndView modelAndView = new ModelAndView();  
        modelAndView.addObject("message", "Hello World!");  
        modelAndView.setViewName("index");  
        return modelAndView;
    }
    
}

引用

@Controller 注解把该class指定为controller

controller 上的@RequestMapping 注解的 value值指定该controller所映射的请求

方法上的@RequestMapping 注解指定该方法为一个action，value 值指定该action所映射的请求，method 中的RequestMethod.GET指定该action只接受get请求

method = {RequestMethod.GET, RequestMethod.POST})表示该action可以接受get或post请求，不过更简单的是不对method做配置则默认支持所有请求方式

ModelAndView 中的setViewName指定了该action所对应的视图名称，解析视图时会在springservlet-config.xml文件指定的视图文件夹中寻找对应的视图