CentOS 7 vs CentOS 6的不同

升级 CentOS 6 到 CentOS 7

1）备份你的系统
2）安装升级工具

# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/upgrade.repo
[upgrade]
name=upgrade
baseurl=http://dev.centos.org/centos/6/upg/x86_64/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=0
# yum install preupgrade-assistant-contents redhat-upgrade-tool preupgrade-assistant

3）升级评估

# preupg

4.1）网络升级

# rpm --import http://mirror.centos.org/centos/RPM-GPG-KEY-CentOS-7
# /usr/bin/redhat-upgrade-tool-cli --force --network 7 --instrepo http://mirror.centos.org/centos/7/os/x86_64

4.2）本地CD升级

# mount /dev/cdrom /media
# /usr/bin/redhat-upgrade-tool-cli --force --device /dev/cdrom

4.3)本地ISO升级

/usr/bin/redhat-upgrade-tool-cli --force --iso /home/CentOS-7-x86_64-DVD-1511.iso

5）重启安装

# reboot

(1)桌面系统
[CentOS6] GNOME 2.x
[CentOS7] GNOME 3.x（GNOME Shell）

(2)文件系统
[CentOS6] ext4
[CentOS7] xfs

(3)内核版本
[CentOS6] 2.6.x-x
[CentOS7] 3.10.x-x

(4)启动加载器
[CentOS6] GRUB Legacy (+efibootmgr)
[CentOS7] GRUB2

(5)防火墙
[CentOS6] iptables
[CentOS7] firewalld

(6)默认数据库
[CentOS6] MySQL
[CentOS7] MariaDB

(7)文件结构
[CentOS6] /bin, /sbin, /lib, and /lib64在/下
[CentOS7] /bin, /sbin, /lib, and /lib64移到/usr下

(8)主机名
[CentOS6] /etc/sysconfig/network
[CentOS7] /etc/hostname

(9)时间同步
[CentOS6]
$ ntp
$ ntpq -p

[CentOS7]
$ chrony
$ chronyc sources

(10)修改时间
[CentOS6]
$ vim /etc/sysconfig/clock
   ZONE="Asia/Tokyo"
   UTC=fales
$ sudo ln -s /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Tokyo /etc/localtime

[CentOS7]
$ timedatectl set-timezone Asia/Tokyo
$ timedatectl status

(11)修改地区
[CentOS6]
$ vim /etc/sysconfig/i18n
   LANG="ja_JP.utf8"
$ /etc/sysconfig/i18n
$ locale

[CentOS7]
$ localectl set-locale LANG=ja_JP.utf8
$ localectl status

(12)服务相关

1）启动停止
[CentOS6]
$ service service_name start
$ service service_name stop
$ service sshd restart/status/reload

[CentOS7]
$ systemctl start service_name
$ systemctl stop service_name
$ systemctl restart/status/reload sshd

自启动
[CentOS6]
$ chkconfig service_name on/off

[CentOS7]
$ systemctl enable service_name
$ systemctl disable service_name

服务一览
[CentOS6]
$ chkconfig --list

[CentOS7]
$ systemctl list-unit-files
$ systemctl --type service

强制停止
[CentOS6]
$ kill -9 <PID>

[CentOS7]
$ systemctl kill --signal=9 sshd

(13)网络

1）网络信息
[CentOS6]
$ netstat
$ netstat -I
$ netstat -n

[CentOS7]
$ ip n
$ ip -s l
$ ss

2）IP地址MAC地址
[CentOS6]
$ ifconfig -a

[CentOS7]
$ ip address show

3）路由
[CentOS6]
$ route -n
$ route -A inet6 -n

[CentOS7]
$ ip route show
$ ip -6 route show

(14)重启关闭

1）关闭
[CentOS6]
$ shutdown -h now

[CentOS7]
$ poweroff
$ systemctl poweroff

2）重启
[CentOS6]
$ reboot
$ shutdown -r now

[CentOS7]
$ reboot
$ systemctl reboot

3）单用户模式
[CentOS6]
$ init S

[CentOS7]
$ systemctl rescue

4）启动模式
[CentOS6]
[GUI➡CUI]
$ vim /etc/inittab
  id:3:initdefault:
[CUI➡GUI]
$ startx

[CentOS7]
[GUI➡CUI]
$ systemctl isolate multi-user.target
[CUI➡GUI]
$systemctl isolate graphical.target
默认
$ systemctl set-default graphical.target
$ systemctl set-default multi-user.target
当前
$ systemctl get-default

参考：
http://urashita.com/archives/1538
http://qiita.com/sion_cojp/items/115e1671fcbc8f214aee
https://www.upken.jp/kb/cent6-cent7.html
http://inaba-serverdesign.jp/blog/20141110/centos7.html