Xamarin介绍和Windows环境搭建

一，Mono介绍

1，What is Mono

Novell公司开发的跨平台·NET运行环境，mono是指由Novell公司(由Ximian发起，并由Miguel de lcaza领导的，一个致力于开创·NET在Linux上使用的开源工程。Mono的C #编译器及其相关工具发布于GNU General Public License (GPL)之下,其运行时库发布于GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL)之下,其类库发布于MIT License之下.这些均是开源协议因此Mono是一个开源软件.

2，What is Xamarin

Xamarin始创于2011年，旨在使移动开发变得难以置信地迅捷和简单。Xamarin的产品简化了针对多种平台的应用开发，包括iOS、Android、Windows Phone和MacApp。Xamarin由许多著名的开源社区开发者创立和参与，而且也是Mono项目的主导者——C#与·NET框架的开源、跨平台实现。

Xamarin现在已经形成了一个完整的体系，目前有Xamarin Studio、Xamarin.Forms、Xamarin for Visual Studio、Xamarin Test Cloud，以及包含前面四个工具的Xamarin Platform。它的目标是 用C#开发iOS、Android和Windows Phone原生应用程序，一次开发，多平台交付。

Xamarin Studio是一个用C#语言开发跨平台应用的集成开发环境，它和iOS以及Android SDK紧密整合。Xamarin Studio提供了很多现代开发所需功能，包括代码完成、调试器、打包和发布应用（支持通过TestFlight发布应用程序）。对于Android，Xamarin还包含了自己的UI生成器（对于iOS，则使用苹果Xcode的UI生成器），此外还集成了Git和Subversion。开发者可以使用Xamarin Studio在模拟器和真机上对移动应用进行测试和bug调试。Xamarin Studio能够完美支持Windows和Mac。

Xamarin还提供了for vs2010 vs2012的插件，这个是比较吸引人的地方。该插件可以很好地与微软的生态系统集成，可以在Mac OS机器的仿真器上进行远程调试和测试。在Mac OS上，因为iOS的现有限制，面向iOS的C#代码会通过AOT编译技术直接编译为ARM汇编代码。而在Android上，应用程序会转换为IL，启动时再进行JIT编译。

二，Xamarin installed in Windows

2.0 环境配置以及效果图

2.0.1 安装环境：

win7 旗舰版 64位、VS2010 。

2.0.2 效果图：

安装完成后 Xamarin Studio IDT开发工具界面

2.1 自动安装

从Xamarin官网下载http://xamarin.com/download安装包文件XamarinInstaller.exe，双击运行静默安装。

2.2 手动安装

2.2.1 下载需求

根据官方需求文档：http://xamarin.com/installer_assets/v3/Windows/Universal/InstallationManifest.xml需要下载以下文件。

JAVA JDK：http://download.xamarin.com/Installer/MonoForAndroid/jdk-7u71-windows-i586.exe

Android SDK：https://dl.google.com/android/installer_r24.0.2-windows.exe

GTK：http://download.xamarin.com/GTKforWindows/Windows/gtk-sharp-2.12.26.msi

Xamarin VisualStudio：http://download.xamarin.com/XamarinforVisualStudio/Windows/Xamarin.VisualStudio_3.11.445.msi

Xamarin Studio：http://download.xamarin.com/studio/Windows/XamarinStudio-5.9.0.431-0.msi

Android NDK：http://dl.google.com/android/ndk/android-ndk-r10d-windows-x86_64.exe

附Android SDK开发包国内下载地址：

http://www.cnblogs.com/bjzhanghao/archive/2012/11/14/android-platform-sdk-download-mirror.html

http://blog.csdn.net/gyming/article/details/8168166/

2.2.2 安装步骤

1.2，安装JDK：jdk-7u45-windows-x64.exe

1.2.1 到oracle官方下载 jdk-7u45-windows-x64.exe。

1.2.2 配置JAVA环境变量。JAVA_HOME:C:\Program Files (x86)\Java\jdk1.7.0_71，添加环境变量CLASSPATH：%JAVA_HOME%\lib\dt.jar;%JAVA_HOME%\lib\tools.jar。修改环境变量Path：%JAVA_HOME%\bin;%JAVA_HOME%\jre\bin;

1.3，安装Android SDK：

1.3.1 到developer.android.com 网站 下载installer_r24.0.2-windows.exe

http://dl.google.com/android/repository/tools_r24.2-windows.zip

1.3.2 配置环境变量。Android SDK 环境变量。修改环境变量 PATH：D:\eclipse\adt-bundle-windows-x86_64-20140702\sdk\tools

1.4，安装Xamarin Studio

1.5，安装NDK

1.6，安装GTK

1.7，安装Xamarin for Visual Studio

2.3 提示文件信息如下：

    It was not possible to complete an automatic installation. This might be due to a problem with your network, proxy servers or an unsolvable installation conflict. At this point, you can continue the installation by manually downloading and installing the independent pieces. The list below shows each component that you need to install.
Java JDK
Download the Java JDK v1.7.0 installer to any directory on your disk, double-click the downloaded file and follow the on-screen instructions.
It is very important to install the 32-bit version of Java JDK even if you're using 64-bit Windows. It is also important that Java JDK v1.6 is installed (although it is fine to have Java JDK 1.7 or newer installed at the same time)

Android SDK
Download the Android SDK for Windows version 22.0.0 to any directory on your disk and double-click it to start main SDK installation process. You can install the SDK either system wide or only for your account. You will need to point your IDE to that location after the installation is completed.
Click here in order to start the Android SDK Manager application. In the GUI make sure the following components are installed or selected for installation:
Android SDK Tools
Android SDK Platform-tools
Android SDK Build-tools
Android API 7
Android API 8
Android API 10
Android API 12
Android API 14

Once all the required components are selected (you can select others as well, if you wish) start the installation. Click here to open target dir
Download the Android NDK for Windows version r8d to any directory on your disk and double-click it to start the NDK installation.
When the Android SDK installation is finished you might want to start the Android Emulator Manager and create as many emulator images as you might need for your development. This step can be performed at any time, on an as-needed basis.

GTK#
Download the GTK# v2.12.25 installer to any directory on your disk, double-click the downloaded file and follow the on-screen instructions.

Xamarin Studio
Download the Xamarin Studio v5.7.1 installer to any directory on your disk, double-click it and follow the on-screen instructions.

Xamarin
Download the Xamarin v3.9.289 installer to any directory on your disk, double-click it and follow the on-screen instructions.

After installation, restart your Windows workstation to make sure all of the installed system services are running.