用maven整合struts+spring+hibernate之二 数据库生成和测试数据

这一步要实现的目标是在执行mvn package时，maven为我们自动创建数据表，并将测试数据添加进去。是不是很实用？你要觉得不所谓，也要以跳过这步。

一、加入ssh支持
就是增加struts、spring、hibernate等的依赖包啦。。不细说了。后面详细说明。

二、配置插件
这一块是最复杂的，先来了解两个插件：

1、hibernate3-maven-plugin插件可实现自动生成数据库schema
hibernate3:hbm2cfgxml: Generates hibernate.cfg.xml
hibernate3:hbm2ddl: Generates database schema.
hibernate3:hbm2doc: Generates HTML documentation for the database schema.
hibernate3:hbm2hbmxml: Generates a set of hbm.xml files
hibernate3:hbm2java: Generates Java classes from set of *.hbm.xml files
hibernate3:schema-export: Creates SQL DDL file and generates the database schema from set of *.hbm.xml files
hibernate3:schema-update: Updates the database schema based on the set of *.hbm.xml files

2、dbunit-maven-plugin,可以实现数据库中数据的导入导出
dbunit:operation: Execute a database operation using an external dataset file.
dbunit:export: Export database tables into a dataset file.
dbunit:compare: Compare a dataset with database.

了解上面两个插件后，就可以用到它们了。怎么用，就是在pom.xml加入以下代码：

<build>
    <finalName>sshExt</finalName>
    <!-- hibernate3-maven-plugin负责生成数据库 -->
    <plugins>
		<plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>hibernate3-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>2.1</version>
        <dependencies>
           <dependency>
             <groupId>mysql</groupId>
             <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
             <version>5.0.5</version>
          </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        <configuration>
          <components>
            <component>
              <name>hbm2ddl</name>
              <implementation>annotationconfiguration</implementation>
            </component>
          </components>
          <componentProperties>
            <drop>true</drop>
            <jdk5>true</jdk5>
            <propertyfile>target/classes/jdbc.properties</propertyfile>
                     </componentProperties>
            <skip>${maven.test.skip}</skip><!--很重要，可以控制是否要在package时重新建表-->
        </configuration>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <phase>process-test-resources</phase>
            <goals>
               <goal>hbm2ddl</goal>
            </goals>
         </execution>
       </executions>
	  </plugin>
	  
	  <!-- dbunit-maven-plugin负责数据库的导入导出 -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.codehaus.mojo</groupId>
        <artifactId>dbunit-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>1.0-beta-1</version>
        <executions>
          <execution>
            <id>test-compile</id>
            <phase>test-compile</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>operation</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
          <execution>
            <id>test</id>
            <phase>test</phase>
            <goals>
              <goal>operation</goal>
            </goals>
          </execution>
        </executions>
        <dependencies>
          <dependency>
            <groupId>${jdbc.groupId}</groupId>
            <artifactId>${jdbc.artifactId}</artifactId>
            <version>${jdbc.version}</version>
          </dependency>
        </dependencies>
        <configuration>
          <dataTypeFactoryName>${dbunit.dataTypeFactoryName}</dataTypeFactoryName>
          <driver>${jdbc.driverClassName}</driver>
          <username>${jdbc.username}</username>
          <password>${jdbc.password}</password>
          <url>${jdbc.url}</url>
          <src>src/test/resources/sample-data.xml</src>
          <type>${dbunit.operation.type}</type>
          <skip>${maven.test.skip}</skip><!--很重要，可以控制是否要在package时插入测试数据-->
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

三、配置数据库连接
除了pom.xml文件。还需一个jdbc.properties文件。内容如下：

hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQLInnoDBDialect
hibernate.connection.username=root
hibernate.connection.password=
hibernate.connection.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost/test?createDatabaseIfNotExist=true&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8
hibernate.connection.driver_class=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver

四、配置实体，由于我们采用hibernate框架
hibernate.cfg.xml：

<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 3.0//EN"
    "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-3.0.dtd">

<hibernate-configuration>
    <session-factory>
        <mapping class="net.apex.framework.model.User"/>
        <!-- <mapping class="net.apex.framework.model.Role"/> -->
    </session-factory>
</hibernate-configuration>

五、配置持久化方案
persistence.xml:

<persistence xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence"
    xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/persistence/persistence_1_0.xsd"
    version="1.0">
    <persistence-unit name="ApplicationEntityManager" transaction-type="RESOURCE_LOCAL">
        <provider>org.hibernate.ejb.HibernatePersistence</provider>
        <!-- 
        <properties>
			<property name="hibernate.hbm2ddl.auto" value="create-drop"/>
		</properties>
		 -->
    </persistence-unit>
</persistence>

这个文件基本就这样。

六、添加实体对象
User.java:

/**
 * 
 */
package net.apex.framework.model;

import javax.persistence.Column;
import javax.persistence.Entity;
import javax.persistence.GeneratedValue;
import javax.persistence.Id;

/**
 * @author Administrator
 *
 */
@Entity
public class User {
	private Long id;
	private String name;
	/**
	 * @return the id
	 */
	@Id
	@GeneratedValue
	public Long getId() {
		return id;
	}
	/**
	 * @param id the id to set
	 */
	public void setId(Long id) {
		this.id = id;
	}
	/**
	 * @return the name
	 */
	@Column(name="name")
	public String getName() {
		return name;
	}
	/**
	 * @param name the name to set
	 */
	public void setName(String name) {
		this.name = name;
	}
	
}

这个实体对象采用annotaion来做持久化映射

七、添加测试数据
sample-data.xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<dataset>
    <table name="user">
        <column>id</column>
        <column>name</column>
        <row>
            <value description="id">-1</value>
            <value description="name">user</value>
        </row>
        <row>
            <value description="id">-2</value>
            <value description="name">admin</value>
        </row>
    </table>

</dataset>

以上配置基本实现了。在这个maven工程启动时，会自动创建数据库，并将sample-data.xml中的测试数据插入到数据库中。那么如果数据库通过其它来源已插入了一些不错的数据，怎么将它导入到sample-data.xml中呢。有办法：

mvn dbunit:export -Ddest=sample-data.xml

上面的几个文件的目录是这样的：
src/main/resources/hibernate.cfg.xml
src/main/resources/jdbc.properties
src/main/resources/META-INF/persistence.xml
src/test/resources/sample-data.xml
pom.xml