web.xml configs

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1、Web应用图标：指出IDE和GUI工具用来表示Web应用的大图标和小图标
<icon>
       <small-icon>/images/app_small.gif</small-icon>
       <large-icon>/images/app_large.gif</large-icon>
</icon>
2、Web 应用名称：提供GUI工具可能会用来标记这个特定的Web应用的一个名称
<display-name>TomcatExample</display-name>
3、Web 应用描述：给出于此相关的说明性文本
<disciption>Tomcat Example servletsand JSP pages.</disciption>
4、上下文参数：声明应用范围内的初始化参数。
<context-param>
       <param-name>ContextParameter</para-name>
       <param-value>test</param-value>
       <description>It is a testparameter.</description>
</context-param>
在servlet里面可以通过getServletContext().getInitParameter("context/param")得到

5、过滤器配置：将一个名字与一个实现javaxs.servlet.Filter接口的类相关联。
<filter>
       <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
       <filter-class>com.myTest.setCharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class>
       <init-param>
           <param-name>encoding</param-name>
           <param-value>GB2312</param-value>
       </init-param>
</filter>
<filter-mapping>
       <filter-name>setCharacterEncoding</filter-name>
       <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
</filter-mapping>
6、监听器配置
<listener>
       <listerner-class>listener.SessionListener</listener-class>
</listener>
7、Servlet配置
基本配置
<servlet>
       <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>SnoopServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>/snoop</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
高级配置
<servlet>
       <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>SnoopServlet</servlet-class>
       <init-param>
          <param-name>foo</param-name>
          <param-value>bar</param-value>
       </init-param>
       <run-as>
          <description>Security role foranonymous access</description>
         <role-name>tomcat</role-name>
       </run-as>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>snoop</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>/snoop</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
元素说明
<servlet></servlet>用来声明一个servlet的数据，主要有以下子元素：
<servlet-name></servlet-name>指定servlet的名称
<servlet-class></servlet-class>指定servlet的类名称
<jsp-file></jsp-file>指定web站台中的某个JSP网页的完整路径
<init-param></init-param>用来定义参数，可有多个init-param。在servlet类中通过getInitParamenter(Stringname)方法访问初始化参数
<load-on-startup></load-on-startup>指定当Web应用启动时，装载Servlet的次序。
当值为正数或零时：Servlet容器先加载数值小的servlet，再依次加载其他数值大的servlet.
当值为负或未定义：Servlet容器将在Web客户首次访问这个servlet时加载它
<servlet-mapping></servlet-mapping>用来定义servlet所对应的URL，包含两个子元素
<servlet-name></servlet-name>指定servlet的名称
<url-pattern></url-pattern>指定servlet所对应的URL
8、会话超时配置（单位为分钟）
<session-config>
       <session-timeout>120</session-timeout>
</session-config>
9、MIME类型配置
<mime-mapping>
       <extension>htm</extension>
       <mime-type>text/html</mime-type>
</mime-mapping>
10、指定欢迎文件页配置
<welcome-file-list>
       <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
       <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file>
       <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>
11、配置错误页面
一、通过错误码来配置error-page
<error-page>
       <error-code>404</error-code>
       <location>/NotFound.jsp</location>
</error-page>
上面配置了当系统发生404错误时，跳转到错误处理页面NotFound.jsp。
二、通过异常的类型配置error-page
<error-page>
       <exception-type>java.lang.NullException</exception-type>
       <location>/error.jsp</location>
</error-page>
上面配置了当系统发生java.lang.NullException（即空指针异常）时，跳转到错误处理页面error.jsp
12、TLD配置
<taglib>
       <taglib-uri>http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/debug-taglib</taglib-uri>
       <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/jsp/debug-taglib.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
如果MyEclipse一直在报错,应该把<taglib> 放到<jsp-config>中
<jsp-config>
       <taglib>
            <taglib-uri>http://jakarta.apache.org/tomcat/debug-taglib</taglib-uri>
            <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/pager-taglib.tld</taglib-location>
       </taglib>
</jsp-config>
13、资源管理对象配置
<resource-env-ref>
       <resource-env-ref-name>jms/StockQueue</resource-env-ref-name>
</resource-env-ref>
14、资源工厂配置
<resource-ref>
       <res-ref-name>mail/Session</res-ref-name>
              <res-type>javax.mail.Session</res-type>
       <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>
配置数据库连接池就可在此配置：
<resource-ref>
       <description>JNDI JDBC DataSource ofshop</description>
       <res-ref-name>jdbc/sample_db</res-ref-name>
       <res-type>javax.sql.DataSource</res-type>
       <res-auth>Container</res-auth>
</resource-ref>
15、安全限制配置
<security-constraint>
       <display-name>Example SecurityConstraint</display-name>
       <web-resource-collection>
            <web-resource-name>ProtectedArea</web-resource-name>
            <url-pattern>/jsp/security/protected/*</url-pattern>
            <http-method>DELETE</http-method>
            <http-method>GET</http-method>
            <http-method>POST</http-method>
            <http-method>PUT</http-method>
       </web-resource-collection>
       <auth-constraint>
            <role-name>tomcat</role-name>
            <role-name>role1</role-name>
       </auth-constraint>
</security-constraint>
16、登陆验证配置
<login-config>
       <auth-method>FORM</auth-method>
       <realm-name>Example-BasedAuthentiation Area</realm-name>
       <form-login-config>
            <form-login-page>/jsp/security/protected/login.jsp</form-login-page>
            <form-error-page>/jsp/security/protected/error.jsp</form-error-page>
       </form-login-config>
</login-config>
17、安全角色：security-role元素给出安全角色的一个列表，这些角色将出现在servlet元素内的security-role-ref元素的role-name子元素中。
分别地声明角色可使高级IDE处理安全信息更为容易。
<security-role>
       <role-name>tomcat</role-name>
</security-role>
18、Web环境参数：env-entry元素声明Web应用的环境项
<env-entry>
       <env-entry-name>minExemptions</env-entry-name>
       <env-entry-value>1</env-entry-value>
       <env-entry-type>java.lang.Integer</env-entry-type>
</env-entry>
19、EJB 声明
<ejb-ref>
       <description>Example EJBreference</decription>
       <ejb-ref-name>ejb/Account</ejb-ref-name>
       <ejb-ref-type>Entity</ejb-ref-type>
       <home>com.mycompany.mypackage.AccountHome</home>
       <remote>com.mycompany.mypackage.Account</remote>
</ejb-ref>
20、本地EJB声明
<ejb-local-ref>
       <description>Example Loacal EJBreference</decription>
       <ejb-ref-name>ejb/ProcessOrder</ejb-ref-name>
       <ejb-ref-type>Session</ejb-ref-type>
       <local-home>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrderHome</local-home>
       <local>com.mycompany.mypackage.ProcessOrder</local>
</ejb-local-ref>
21、配置DWR
<servlet>
       <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>uk.ltd.getahead.dwr.DWRServlet</servlet-class>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>dwr-invoker</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>/dwr/*</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
22、配置Struts
<display-name>Struts BlankApplication</display-name>
<servlet>
       <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
       <servlet-class>
              org.apache.struts.action.ActionServlet
       </servlet-class>
       <init-param>
           <param-name>detail</param-name>
             <param-value>2</param-value>
       </init-param>
       <init-param>
           <param-name>debug</param-name>
           <param-value>2</param-value>
       </init-param>
       <init-param>
           <param-name>config</param-name>
             <param-value>/WEB-INF/struts-config.xml</param-value>
       </init-param>
       <init-param>
           <param-name>application</param-name>
             <param-value>ApplicationResources</param-value>
       </init-param>
       <load-on-startup>2</load-on-startup>
</servlet>
<servlet-mapping>
       <servlet-name>action</servlet-name>
       <url-pattern>*.do</url-pattern>
</servlet-mapping>
<welcome-file-list>
       <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
</welcome-file-list>


<taglib>
       <taglib-uri>struts-bean</taglib-uri>
       <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-bean.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
       <taglib-uri>struts-html</taglib-uri>
       <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-html.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
       <taglib-uri>struts-nested</taglib-uri>
       <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-nested.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
       <taglib-uri>struts-logic</taglib-uri>
       <taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-logic.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
<taglib>
<taglib-uri>struts-tiles</taglib-uri>
<taglib-location>/WEB-INF/tld/struts-tiles.tld</taglib-location>
</taglib>
23、配置Spring（基本上都是在Struts中配置的）


<context-param>
       <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name>
       <param-value>
              
              /WEB-INF/applicationContext.xml, /WEB-INF/action-servlet.xml
       </param-value>
</context-param>



<listener>
       <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class>
</listener>

<listener>
       <listener-class>
           org.springframework.web.context.request.RequestContextListener
       </listener-class>
</listener>