[Maven学习笔记七]Maven插件和目标

插件(plugin)和目标(goal)

Maven，就其本质而言，是一个插件执行框架，Maven的每个目标的执行逻辑都是由插件来完成的，一个插件可以有1个或者几个目标，比如maven-compiler-plugin插件包含compile和testCompile，即maven-compiler-plugin提供了源代码编译和测试源代码编译的两个目标

 

使用插件和目标使得我们可以干预Maven构建框架的构建过程

 

Maven提供的插件列表

PluginType*VersionRelease DateDescriptionSource RepositoryIssue Tracking

Core plugins				Plugins corresponding to default core phases (ie. clean, compile). They may have multiple goals as well.
clean	B	2.5	2012-05-26	Clean up after the build.	SVN	JIRA
compiler	B	3.1	2013-04-08	Compiles Java sources.	SVN	JIRA
deploy	B	2.8.1	2013-10-18	Deploy the built artifact to the remote repository.	SVN	JIRA
failsafe	B	2.17	2014-03-16	Run the JUnit integration tests in an isolated classloader.	GIT	JIRA
install	B	2.5.1	2013-10-18	Install the built artifact into the local repository.	SVN	JIRA
resources	B	2.6	2012-08-18	Copy the resources to the output directory for including in the JAR.	SVN	JIRA
site	B	3.4	2014-07-07	Generate a site for the current project.	SVN	JIRA
surefire	B	2.17	2014-03-16	Run the JUnit unit tests in an isolated classloader.	GIT	JIRA
verifier	B	1.0	2010-01-30	Useful for integration tests - verifies the existence of certain conditions.	SVN	JIRA
Packaging types/tools				These plugins relate to packaging respective artifact types.
ear	B	2.9.1	2014-06-15	Generate an EAR from the current project.	SVN	JIRA
ejb	B	2.3	2010-09-18	Build an EJB (and optional client) from the current project.	SVN	JIRA
jar	B	2.5	2014-06-19	Build a JAR from the current project.	SVN	JIRA
rar	B	2.3	2012-11-22	Build a RAR from the current project.	SVN	JIRA
war	B	2.4	2013-07-07	Build a WAR from the current project.	SVN	JIRA
app-client/acr	B	1.0	2011-03-31	Build a JavaEE application client from the current project.	SVN	JIRA
shade	B	2.3	2014-05-02	Build an Uber-JAR from the current project, including dependencies.	SVN	JIRA
source	B	2.3	2014-07-08	Build a source-JAR from the current project.	SVN	JIRA
Reporting plugins				Plugins which generate reports, are configured as reports in the POM and run under the site generation lifecycle.
changelog	R	2.3	2014-06-24	Generate a list of recent changes from your SCM.	SVN	JIRA
changes	B+R	2.10	2014-04-13	Generate a report from an issue tracker or a change document.	SVN	JIRA
checkstyle	B+R	2.12.1	2014-04-19	Generate a Checkstyle report.	SVN	JIRA
doap	B	1.1	2011-01-15	Generate a Description of a Project (DOAP) file from a POM.	SVN	JIRA
docck	B	1.0	2008-11-16	Documentation checker plugin.	SVN	JIRA
javadoc	B+R	2.9.1	2013-06-28	Generate Javadoc for the project.	SVN	JIRA
jxr	R	2.4	2013-12-10	Generate a source cross reference.	SVN	JIRA
linkcheck	R	1.1	2010-11-13	Generate a Linkcheck report of your project's documentation.	SVN	JIRA
pmd	B+R	3.2	2014-08-01	Generate a PMD report.	SVN	JIRA
project-info-reports	R	2.7	2013-05-16	Generate standard project reports.	SVN	JIRA
surefire-report	R	2.17	2014-03-16	Generate a report based on the results of unit tests.	GIT	JIRA
Tools				These are miscellaneous tools available through Maven by default.
ant	B	2.3	2009-11-11	Generate an Ant build file for the project.	SVN	JIRA
antrun	B	1.7	2011-11-01	Run a set of ant tasks from a phase of the build.	SVN	JIRA
archetype	B	2.2	2011-11-19	Generate a skeleton project structure from an archetype.	SVN	JIRA
assembly	B	2.4	2012-11-18	Build an assembly (distribution) of sources and/or binaries.	SVN	JIRA
dependency	B+R	2.8	2013-05-18	Dependency manipulation (copy, unpack) and analysis.	SVN	JIRA
enforcer	B	1.3.1	2013-07-12	Environmental constraint checking (Maven Version, JDK etc), User Custom Rule Execution.	SVN	JIRA
gpg	B	1.5	2014-02-25	Create signatures for the artifacts and poms.	SVN	JIRA
help	B	2.2	2013-02-23	Get information about the working environment for the project.	SVN	JIRA
invoker	B+R	1.9	2014-06-28	Run a set of Maven projects and verify the output.	SVN	JIRA
jarsigner	B	1.3.2	2014-03-23	Signs or verifies project artifacts.	SVN	JIRA
patch	B	1.1.1	2010-01-06	Use the gnu patch tool to apply patch files to source code.	SVN	JIRA
pdf	B	1.2	2012-11-08	Generate a PDF version of your project's documentation.	SVN	JIRA
plugin	B+R	3.3	2014-05-03	Create a Maven plugin descriptor for any mojos found in the source tree, to include in the JAR.	SVN	JIRA
release	B	2.5	2014-03-04	Release the current project - updating the POM and tagging in the SCM.	SVN	JIRA
remote-resources	B	1.5	2013-08-14	Copy remote resources to the output directory for inclusion in the artifact.	SVN	JIRA
repository	B	2.3.1	2010-07-21	Plugin to help with repository-based tasks.	SVN	JIRA
scm	B	1.9.1	2014-07-20	Execute SCM commands for the current project.	GIT	JIRA
scm-publish	B	1.1	2014-05-18	Publish your Maven website to a scm location.	SVN	JIRA
stage	B	1.0-alpha-2	2009-07-14	Assists with release staging and promotion.	SVN	JIRA
toolchains	B	1.0	2009-11-01	Allows to share configuration across plugins.	SVN	JIRA
IDEs				Plugins that simplify integration with integrated developer environments.
eclipse	B	2.9	2012-02-14	Generate an Eclipse project file for the current project.	SVN	JIRA

 

1. B表示是构建(Build)类型的插件，R表示是报表(Report)类型的。比如surefire-report插件是Report类型的插件用于report单元测试的结果

2. SVN是每个插件在SVN上的源代码，比如compiler插件，它的源代码路径是http://svn.apache.org/repos/asf/maven/plugins/trunk/maven-compiler-plugin

source插件用于把源代码打包

打包(pacakge)的同时将源代码打包

 在user-core的pom.xml中添加如下的配置，指定在package阶段添加源代码打包的功能：

 

<build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <!--指定源代码打包插件的坐标-->
                <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
                <artifactId>maven-source-plugin</artifactId>
                <version>2.3</version>
                <!--定义插件执行在哪些阶段执行哪些目标-->
                <executions>
                    <execution>
                        <!---源代码打包插件在打包阶段执行-->
                        <phase>package</phase>
                        <!--源代码打包插件执行的目标,可以指定多个,只要插件支持-->
                        <goals>
                            <goal>jar</goal>
                            <!--测试代码打包-->
                            <!--
                            <goal>test-jar</goal>
                            -->
                        </goals>
                    </execution>
                </executions>
                <!--输出路径和文件名进行设置
                <configuration>
                    <outputDirectory>/absolute/path/to/the/output/directory</outputDirectory>
                    <finalName>filename-of-generated-jar-file</finalName>
                    <attach>false</attach>
                </configuration>
                -->
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

 

 

执行Maven package，执行结果是

/software/devsoftware/jdk1.7.0_55/bin/java -Dmaven.home=/software/devsoftware/apache-maven-3.2.1 -Dclassworlds.conf=/software/devsoftware/apache-maven-3.2.1/bin/m2.conf -Didea.launcher.port=7536 -Didea.launcher.bin.path=/software/devsoftware/idea-IU-135.690/bin -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath /software/devsoftware/apache-maven-3.2.1/boot/plexus-classworlds-2.5.1.jar:/software/devsoftware/idea-IU-135.690/lib/idea_rt.jar com.intellij.rt.execution.application.AppMain org.codehaus.classworlds.Launcher -Didea.version=13.1.2 package
[INFO] Scanning for projects...
[INFO] 
[INFO] Using the builder org.apache.maven.lifecycle.internal.builder.singlethreaded.SingleThreadedBuilder with a thread count of 1
[INFO]                                                                         
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Building user.core 1.0-SNAPSHOT
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:resources (default-resources) @ user.core ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] Copying 0 resource
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:compile (default-compile) @ user.core ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-resources-plugin:2.6:testResources (default-testResources) @ user.core ---
[WARNING] Using platform encoding (UTF-8 actually) to copy filtered resources, i.e. build is platform dependent!
[INFO] skip non existing resourceDirectory ~/development/learnmaven/user.manager/user.core/src/test/resources
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-compiler-plugin:2.5.1:testCompile (default-testCompile) @ user.core ---
[INFO] Nothing to compile - all classes are up to date
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-surefire-plugin:2.12.4:test (default-test) @ user.core ---
[INFO] Surefire report directory: ~/development/learnmaven/user.manager/user.core/target/surefire-reports

-------------------------------------------------------
 T E S T S
-------------------------------------------------------
Running HelloTest
Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0, Time elapsed: 0.117 sec

Results :

Tests run: 1, Failures: 0, Errors: 0, Skipped: 0

[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-jar-plugin:2.4:jar (default-jar) @ user.core ---
[INFO] Building jar: /home/yuzhitao/development/learnmaven/user.manager/user.core/target/user.core-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar
[INFO] 
[INFO] >>> maven-source-plugin:2.3:jar (default) @ user.core >>>
[INFO] 
[INFO] <<< maven-source-plugin:2.3:jar (default) @ user.core <<<
[INFO] 
[INFO] --- maven-source-plugin:2.3:jar (default) @ user.core ---
[INFO] Building jar: ~/development/learnmaven/user.manager/user.core/target/user.core-1.0-SNAPSHOT-sources.jar
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] BUILD SUCCESS
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------
[INFO] Total time: 3.597 s
[INFO] Finished at: 2014-08-03T19:36:46+08:00
[INFO] Final Memory: 13M/169M
[INFO] ------------------------------------------------------------------------

  

从输出中可以看到,package的最后执行了maven-source-plugin的jar目标，并且生成了sources.jar