js,面向对象编程

工厂模式：

 

function createPerson(name,age,job){ 
   var o = {}; 
   o.name = name; 
   o.age = age; 
   o.job = job; 
   o.sayName = function(){ 
       alert(this.name); 
   }; 
   return o; 
} 
var tanya = createPerson("tanya","30","female"); 
var ansel = createPerson("ansel","30","male"); 
tanya.sayName(); 
ansel.sayName(); 

 

 

这里先定义o为一个空的对象，然后为o设置了一堆属性。其实也可以直接给o属性的嘛，所以如果这样写也是ok的。

 
function createPerson(name,age,job){ 
var o = { 
name : name, 
age : age, 
job : job, 
sayName : function(){ 
alert(this.name); 
} 
}; 
return o; 
} 
var tanya = createPerson("tanya","30","female"); 
var ansel = createPerson("ansel","30","male"); 
tanya.sayName(); 
ansel.sayName(); 

 还有一种办法是利用无敌的this，因为this就表示当前运行时的对象，将构造函数this的作用域指向新对象，将当前运行对象的属性和方法都赋给新对象，这样对象模式称为构造函数模式 

 
function Person(name,age,job){ 
this.name = name; 
this.age = age; 
this.job = job; 
this.sayName = function(){ 
alert(this.name); 
}; 
} 
var tanya = new Person("tanya","30","female"); 
var ansel = new Person("ansel","30","male"); 
tanya.sayName(); 
ansel.sayName(); 

 在这个例子中，tanya和ansel都有一个constructor属性，该属性指向person。 

考虑一下如下的情况：

 
function Person(name,age,job){ 
this.name = name; 
this.age = age; 
this.job = job; 
this.sayName = function(){ 
alert(this.name); 
}; 
} 
Person("tanya","30","female"); 
Person("ansel","30","male"); 
window.sayName(); 
window.sayName(); 

 发现两次弹出的都是ansel，这是因为不用new的话，就不是一个person的实例，而仅仅在执行函数。而在全局作用域调用一个函数时this总是指向Global对象。而Global对象在浏览器中就是window对象。 

我们还可以用构造模式在另外一个对象中调用sayName方法，还记得Apply和call么，来吧再考虑另外一种情况， 

 
function Person(name,age,job){ 
this.name = name; 
this.age = age; 
this.job = job; 
this.sayName = function(){ 
alert(this.name); 
}; 
} 
var olivia = {}; 
Person.call(olivia,"tanya","30","female"); 
olivia.sayName(); 
var philip = {} 
Person.apply(philip,["ansel","30","male"]); 
philip.sayName(); 

 原型模式就要考虑原型链了，分析一下，sayName方法在实例中被重复定义了两次，但其实没有必要创造两个一样的副本。使用原型方法，可以使是tanya和ansel的共享一个sayName方法。 

于是原型模式的写法如下：

 
function Person(name,age,job){ 
this.name = name; 
this.age = age; 
this.job = job; 
} 
Person.prototype.sayName= function(){ 
alert(this.name); 
}; 
var tanya = new Person("tanya","30","female"); 
var ansel = new Person("ansel","30","male"); 
tanya.sayName(); 
ansel.sayName(); 

 实际应用时，不是一成不变的套用某种模式，活学活用。需要共享方法的时候就用原型模式，需要使用副本的时候就用构造模式，还可以结合起来，把所有信息都封装在构造函数中，而通过在构造函数中初始化原型，使得对象保持了同时使用构造函数和原型的优点

 
function Person(name,age,job){ 
this.name = name; 
this.age = age; 
this.job = job; 
if (typeof sayName != "function" ){ 
Person.prototype.sayName= function(){ 
alert(this.name); 
}; 
} 
} 
var tanya = new Person("tanya","30","female"); 
var ansel = new Person("ansel","30","male"); 
ansel.sayName = function () { 
alert("Hi ansel, how hansome you are!"); 
} 
tanya.sayName(); 
ansel.sayName();