Linux压缩命令整理

关于后缀名

引用

*.Z   compress程序压缩的文件
*.bz2  bzip2程序压缩的文件
*.gz gzip程序压缩的文件
*.tar tar程序打包的数据，没有经过压缩
*.tar.gz tar程序打包的数据，经过gzip压缩

1、compress
压缩

compress filename

解压缩

compress -d filename.Z

or

uncompress filename.Z

2、bzip2,bzcat

引用

bzip2 -h                                                                                                                                            ──(Mon,Jul01)─┘
bzip2, a block-sorting file compressor.  Version 1.0.6, 6-Sept-2010.

   usage: bzip2 [flags and input files in any order]

   -h --help           print this message
   -d --decompress     force decompression
   -z --compress       force compression
   -k --keep           keep (don't delete) input files
   -f --force          overwrite existing output files
   -t --test           test compressed file integrity
   -c --stdout         output to standard out
   -q --quiet          suppress noncritical error messages
   -v --verbose        be verbose (a 2nd -v gives more)
   -L --license        display software version & license
   -V --version        display software version & license
   -s --small          use less memory (at most 2500k)
   -1 .. -9            set block size to 100k .. 900k
   --fast              alias for -1
   --best              alias for -9

   If invoked as `bzip2', default action is to compress.
              as `bunzip2',  default action is to decompress.
              as `bzcat', default action is to decompress to stdout.

   If no file names are given, bzip2 compresses or decompresses
   from standard input to standard output.  You can combine
   short flags, so `-v -4' means the same as -v4 or -4v, &c.

bzip2 [-dz] filename

参数说明
-d :解压缩
-z :压缩
bzcat filename.bz2 读取压缩文件内容
同时bunzip2等同于bzip2 -d
3、gzip,zcat

引用

─ gzip -h                                                                                                                                             ──(Mon,Jul01
Usage: gzip [OPTION]... [FILE]...
Compress or uncompress FILEs (by default, compress FILES in-place).

Mandatory arguments to long options are mandatory for short options too.

  -c, --stdout      write on standard output, keep original files unchanged
  -d, --decompress  decompress
  -f, --force       force overwrite of output file and compress links
  -h, --help        give this help
  -l, --list        list compressed file contents
  -L, --license     display software license
  -n, --no-name     do not save or restore the original name and time stamp
  -N, --name        save or restore the original name and time stamp
  -q, --quiet       suppress all warnings
  -r, --recursive   operate recursively on directories
  -S, --suffix=SUF  use suffix SUF on compressed files
  -t, --test        test compressed file integrity
  -v, --verbose     verbose mode
  -V, --version     display version number
  -1, --fast        compress faster
  -9, --best        compress better

With no FILE, or when FILE is -, read standard input.

Report bugs to <[e-mail]>.

gzip [-d#] filename

zcat filename.gz

读取压缩文件的内容
参数说明：
-d : 解压缩的参数
-# : 压缩等级，1最不好，9最好，6为默认值

4、tar

引用

└─(22:30:%)── tar -h                                                                                                                                              ──(Mon,Jul01)─┘
tar(bsdtar): manipulate archive files
First option must be a mode specifier:
  -c Create  -r Add/Replace  -t List  -u Update  -x Extract
Common Options:
  -b #  Use # 512-byte records per I/O block
  -f <filename>  Location of archive
  -v    Verbose
  -w    Interactive
Create: tar -c [options] [<file> | <dir> | @<archive> | -C <dir> ]
  <file>, <dir>  add these items to archive
  -z, -j, -J, --lzma  Compress archive with gzip/bzip2/xz/lzma
  --format {ustar|pax|cpio|shar}  Select archive format
  --exclude <pattern>  Skip files that match pattern
  -C <dir>  Change to <dir> before processing remaining files
  @<archive>  Add entries from <archive> to output
List: tar -t [options] [<patterns>]
  <patterns>  If specified, list only entries that match
Extract: tar -x [options] [<patterns>]
  <patterns>  If specified, extract only entries that match
  -k    Keep (don't overwrite) existing files
  -m    Don't restore modification times
  -O    Write entries to stdout, don't restore to disk
  -p    Restore permissions (including ACLs, owner, file flags)
bsdtar 2.8.3 - libarchive 2.8.3

tar [-zxcvfpP] filename
tar -N 'yyyy/mm/dd' /path -zcvf target.tar.gz source

参数说明：
-z:是否同时具有gzip
-x:解开一个压缩文件
-t:查看tarfile里面的文件
-c:建立一个压缩文件
-v:压缩过程中显示文件
-f:使用文件名字
-p:使用源文件的原文属性
-P:可以使用绝对路径
-N:比后面的接的日期还要新的文件才会被打包进新建的文件中
--exclude FILE：在压缩过程中，不要将FILE打包
e.g.

tar -cvf  directory.tar directory
tar -zcvf directory.tar.gz directory
tar -xvf directory.tar  #注意由于没有gzip的作用，所以只要使用-xvf即可，不需要加上z，否则会有问题
tar -zxvf directory.tar.gz #这时候就需要z了

参考资料：
鸟哥的Linux私房菜