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最新评论
-
2057:
这个程序有bug。
查找算法学习之二分查找(Python版本)——BinarySearch -
dotjar:
NB
一个Python程序员的进化[转]
Contains:
首先我们看下tornado中使用的装饰器
1、@tornado.web.authenticated
接下来代码需要验证用户登陆的方法都可以使用这个装饰器,通过使用这个装饰器可以简化很多重复验证的代码,只需要在方法上面加上@tornado.web.authenticated就ok了。
2、@tornado.web.asynchronous
这个装饰器的会把self._auto_finish 置为 False。
接下来,我们写个单利模式的装饰器:
result is :
<__main__.Foo instance at 0x103152c20> <__main__.Foo instance at 0x103152c20> True
<__main__.Bar instance at 0x103152c68> <__main__.Bar instance at 0x103152cb0> False
@singleton这个装饰器实现了类的单例模式,可以确保类只会被实例化一次。
使用装饰器对参数以及方法返回结果的验证方法:
result:
assert a > 100000,"arg %r must gt 100000" % a
AssertionError: arg 5000 must gt 100000
参考资料:
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0318/
http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecorators
http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary
http://blog.csdn.net/beckel/article/details/3585352
http://blog.csdn.net/beckel/article/details/3945147
http://www.cnblogs.com/huxi/archive/2011/03/01/1967600.html
http://mrcoles.com/blog/3-decorator-examples-and-awesome-python/
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/308999/what-does-functools-wraps-do
- 1、decorators
- 2、functools
首先我们看下tornado中使用的装饰器
1、@tornado.web.authenticated
引用
Decorate methods with this to require that the user be logged in.
def authenticated(method): """Decorate methods with this to require that the user be logged in.""" @functools.wraps(method) def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs): if not self.current_user: if self.request.method in ("GET", "HEAD"): url = self.get_login_url() if "?" not in url: if urlparse.urlsplit(url).scheme: # if login url is absolute, make next absolute too next_url = self.request.full_url() else: next_url = self.request.uri url += "?" + urllib.urlencode(dict(next=next_url)) self.redirect(url) return raise HTTPError(403) return method(self, *args, **kwargs) return wrapper
接下来代码需要验证用户登陆的方法都可以使用这个装饰器,通过使用这个装饰器可以简化很多重复验证的代码,只需要在方法上面加上@tornado.web.authenticated就ok了。
2、@tornado.web.asynchronous
def asynchronous(method): @functools.wraps(method) def wrapper(self, *args, **kwargs): if self.application._wsgi: raise Exception("@asynchronous is not supported for WSGI apps") self._auto_finish = False with stack_context.ExceptionStackContext( self._stack_context_handle_exception): return method(self, *args, **kwargs) return wrapper
这个装饰器的会把self._auto_finish 置为 False。
接下来,我们写个单利模式的装饰器:
def singleton(cls): instances = {} def get_instance(): if cls not in instances: instances[cls] = cls() return instances[cls] return get_instance @singleton class Foo: def __init__(self): pass class Bar: def __init__(self): pass f = Foo() m = Foo() print f,m,f == m a = Bar() b = Bar() print a,b,a == b
result is :
<__main__.Foo instance at 0x103152c20> <__main__.Foo instance at 0x103152c20> True
<__main__.Bar instance at 0x103152c68> <__main__.Bar instance at 0x103152cb0> False
@singleton这个装饰器实现了类的单例模式,可以确保类只会被实例化一次。
使用装饰器对参数以及方法返回结果的验证方法:
#-*-coding:utf-8-*- def accepts(*types): def check_accepts(f): # assert len(types) == f.func_code.co_argcount def new_f(*args, **kwds): for (a, t) in zip(args, types): assert isinstance(a, t), \ "arg %r does not match %s" % (a,t) return f(*args, **kwds) new_f.func_name = f.func_name return new_f return check_accepts def returns(rtype): def check_returns(f): def new_f(*args, **kwds): result = f(*args, **kwds) assert isinstance(result, rtype), \ "return value %r does not match %s" % (result,rtype) return result new_f.func_name = f.func_name return new_f return check_returns @accepts(int, (int,float)) @returns((int,float)) def func(arg1, arg2): return arg1 * arg2 print func(1,2.0)
def check_param_isvalid(): def check(method): def check_param(*args,**kwargs): for a in args: assert isinstance(a, int),"arg %r does not match %s" % (a,int) assert a > 100000,"arg %r must gt 100000" % a return method(*args, **kwargs) return check_param return check @check_param_isvalid() def foo(*args): print args foo(200000,5000)
result:
assert a > 100000,"arg %r must gt 100000" % a
AssertionError: arg 5000 must gt 100000
引用
Design Goals:
The new syntax should
* work for arbitrary wrappers, including user-defined callables and the existing builtins classmethod() and staticmethod(). This requirement also means that a decorator syntax must support passing arguments to the wrapper constructor
* work with multiple wrappers per definition
* make it obvious what is happening; at the very least it should be obvious that new users can safely ignore it when writing their own code
* be a syntax "that ... [is] easy to remember once explained"
* not make future extensions more difficult
* be easy to type; programs that use it are expected to use it very frequently
* not make it more difficult to scan through code quickly. It should still be easy to search for all definitions, a particular definition, or the arguments that a function accepts
* not needlessly complicate secondary support tools such as language-sensitive editors and other "toy parser tools out there [12]"
* allow future compilers to optimize for decorators. With the hope of a JIT compiler for Python coming into existence at some point this tends to require the syntax for decorators to come before the function definition
* move from the end of the function, where it's currently hidden, to the front where it is more in your face [13]
The new syntax should
* work for arbitrary wrappers, including user-defined callables and the existing builtins classmethod() and staticmethod(). This requirement also means that a decorator syntax must support passing arguments to the wrapper constructor
* work with multiple wrappers per definition
* make it obvious what is happening; at the very least it should be obvious that new users can safely ignore it when writing their own code
* be a syntax "that ... [is] easy to remember once explained"
* not make future extensions more difficult
* be easy to type; programs that use it are expected to use it very frequently
* not make it more difficult to scan through code quickly. It should still be easy to search for all definitions, a particular definition, or the arguments that a function accepts
* not needlessly complicate secondary support tools such as language-sensitive editors and other "toy parser tools out there [12]"
* allow future compilers to optimize for decorators. With the hope of a JIT compiler for Python coming into existence at some point this tends to require the syntax for decorators to come before the function definition
* move from the end of the function, where it's currently hidden, to the front where it is more in your face [13]
参考资料:
http://www.python.org/dev/peps/pep-0318/
http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecorators
http://wiki.python.org/moin/PythonDecoratorLibrary
http://blog.csdn.net/beckel/article/details/3585352
http://blog.csdn.net/beckel/article/details/3945147
http://www.cnblogs.com/huxi/archive/2011/03/01/1967600.html
http://mrcoles.com/blog/3-decorator-examples-and-awesome-python/
http://stackoverflow.com/questions/308999/what-does-functools-wraps-do
发表评论
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macos 10.9.2 clang: error: unknown argument: '-mno-fused-madd' [-Wunused-command
2014-03-25 19:13 1771方法总是有的,当然需要你去寻找。 当然如果花费太多的时间在一件 ... -
PostgreSQL psycopg2:IndexError: tuple index out of range
2014-01-09 17:04 2235Postgresql psycopg2使用like查询的时候 ... -
Python 迭代器和生成器
2013-10-15 23:09 2855迭代器 迭代器只不过是一个实现迭代器协议的容器对象。它基于两个 ... -
Python时间模块
2013-10-15 23:03 3479time模块 时间模块中最常用的一个函数就是获取当前时间的函数 ... -
Python装饰器
2013-10-15 22:59 1573编写自定义装饰器有许多方法,但最简单和最容易理解的方法是编写一 ... -
python list
2013-10-15 22:56 1261简单总结以及整理如下: >>> dir( ... -
Python Excel
2013-09-10 17:21 980安装lib easy_install xlrd def ... -
排序算法学习(python版本)之堆排序(HeapSort)
2013-07-01 22:54 2005Contains: 堆排序以及堆排序的应用 堆排序(Heaps ... -
python range xrange
2013-06-25 23:30 1160引用Help on built-in function ran ... -
python class
2013-06-25 00:54 1833引用类是创建新对象类 ... -
AttributeError: 'module' object has no attribute 'SendCloud'
2013-06-05 11:46 7095网上查了下 意思是说你命名的文件名不能和lib重名,这样会导 ... -
python string
2013-05-07 23:44 2203如果这就是字符串,这本来就是字符串 首先看下字符串的方法 ... -
Python property
2013-03-29 19:56 0由于之前有总结过,可以参考http://2057.iteye. ... -
python tips
2013-03-28 23:57 8901、enum #!/usr/bin/env python ... -
python closures
2013-03-28 22:09 1196Closure:如果在一个内部函数里,对在外部作用域(但不是在 ... -
Python map、filter,reduce介绍
2013-03-28 22:02 13221、filter(function,iterable) 引用C ... -
Python __new__ 、__init__、 __call__
2013-03-26 23:49 5360Contains: __new__: 创建对象时调用,返回当 ... -
Python socket简介
2013-03-25 23:42 2185自豪地使用dir和help. Python 2.7.2 ( ... -
Tornado ioloop源码简析
2013-03-21 00:18 2857#!/usr/bin/env python #-*-en ... -
Tornado httpserver 源码简析
2013-03-17 01:49 1795整个流程就是创建一个socket socket.socket ...
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