nginx负载均衡初探(一)

nginx [engine x] 是由 Igor Sysoev开发的一个HTTP 服务器和mail 代理服务器软件.虽然刚刚发布两年多, Nginx 因其稳定性、丰富的功能集、示例配置文件和低系统资源的消耗而闻名。Nginx 超越Apache的高性能和稳定性，使得国内使用 Nginx 作为 Web 服务器的网站也越来越多，其中有新浪、网易、腾讯等门户网站，六间房、酷6等视频分享网站，Discuz!、水木社区等知名论坛，豆瓣、YUPOO等新兴Web 2.0网站。Nginx 在国内的应用正在不断发展壮大！新近发现Nginx 应用在国内越发火热了，很多网站都开始转向Nginx 了。

     一,首先下载nginx 0.7.52的windows版本，下载地址：http://sysoev.ru/nginx/nginx-0.7.52.zip,并到PHP 官方下载php。
　　然后，解压nginx-0.7.52.zip到C盘的根目录，并将目录名改为nginx。执行下列操作
   1, cd nginx          
   2, start nginx 
　  这样，nginx就启动了。打开浏览器，输入http://127.0.0.1/ 就可以看到nginx的欢迎页面了。nginx的其他命令 
   nginx -s stop   //停止nginx 
   nginx -s reload //重新加载配置文件 
   nginx -s quit //退出nginx

 

#网站的图片较多，更改较少，将它们在浏览器本地缓存15天
     location ~ .*\.(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|swf)$
     {
expires      15d;
     }
     #网站会加载很多JS、CSS，将它们在浏览器本地缓存1天
     location ~ .*\.(js|css)?$
     {
expires      1d;
     }
     location /(WEB-INF)/ {
     deny all;
     }
#设定本虚拟主机的访问日志
access_log  /host/nginx/logs/down/access.log  access;  

#日志的路径,每个虚拟机一个,不能相同
server_name_in_redirect  off;

 

实验环境

win7+ubuntu（vmware）

win7 tomcat(ip and por:192.168.0.108:8080)

linux tomcat(ip and por:192.168.110.129:8080)

 

在ubuntu中安装nginx（sudo apt-get install nginx），默认安装在etc/nginx

在两台tomcat的webapps下的ROOT中，为了表示出访问的是那一台tomcat，替换index.html以及index.jsp，其中分别写入linux和windows。

nginx的启动关闭和测试命令如下：

关闭nginx
zhengx@zhengx-virtual-machine:~$ sudo pkill -9 nginx
测试nginx是否成功配置
zhengx@zhengx-virtual-machine:~$ sudo nginx -t
nginx: [warn] conflicting server name "localhost" on 0.0.0.0:80, ignored
nginx: the configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf syntax is oknginx: configuration file /etc/nginx/nginx.conf test is successful
开启nginx
zhengx@zhengx-virtual-machine:~$ sudo nginx
nginx: [warn] conflicting server name "localhost" on 0.0.0.0:80, ignored
zhengx@zhengx-virtual-machine:~$

其中nginx.conf的配置文件如下所示

user www-data;
worker_processes 4;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections 768;
    # multi_accept on;
}

http {

    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    types_hash_max_size 1024;


    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;


    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;


    gzip on;
    upstream   localhost {


              #win7的tomcat访问url
              server   192.168.0.108:8080;

              #linux的tomcat访问url
              server   192.168.110.129:8080;
        }

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name  localhost;
        charset utf-8;
        location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            #跳转到win7上的tomcat
            proxy_pass         http://192.168.0.108:8080;
            proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
            client_max_body_size  100m;
        }


        location ~ ^/(WEB-INF)/ {
            deny all;
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }

        }
    include /etc/nginx/server.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

为了便于维护把nginx.conf拆分一部分代码出来分别是upstream.conf和location.conf

nginx.conf的配置文件如下：

user www-data;
worker_processes 4;
pid /var/run/nginx.pid;

events {
    worker_connections 768;
    # multi_accept on;
}

http {

    sendfile on;
    tcp_nopush on;
    tcp_nodelay on;
    keepalive_timeout 65;
    types_hash_max_size 1024;


    include /etc/nginx/mime.types;
    default_type application/octet-stream;


    access_log /var/log/nginx/access.log;
    error_log /var/log/nginx/error.log;


    gzip on;
    include /etc/nginx/upstream.conf;

    server {
        listen 80;
        server_name  localhost;
        charset utf-8;
        include /etc/nginx/location.conf;
        }

    include /etc/nginx/conf.d/*.conf;
    include /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/*;
}

upstream.conf的配置文件如下：

upstream   localhost {
              server   192.168.0.108:8080;
              server   192.168.110.129:8080;
}

location.conf的配置文件如下：

location / {
            root   html;
            index  index.html index.htm;
            #去找域名为localhost的upstream
            proxy_pass         http://localhost;
            proxy_set_header  X-Real-IP  $remote_addr;
            client_max_body_size  100m;
        }


        location ~ ^/(WEB-INF)/ {
            deny all;
        }

        error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
        location = /50x.html {
            root   html;
        }