HDFS is a filesystem designed for storing very large files with streaming data access patterns, running on clusters of commodity hardware. Let’s examine this statement in more detail:
Very large files
“Very large” in this context means files that are hundreds of megabytes, gigabytes, or terabytes in size. There are Hadoop clusters running today that store petabytes of data.
Streaming data access
HDFS is built around the idea that the most efficient data processing pattern is a write-once, read-many-times pattern. A dataset is typically generated or copied from source, and then various analyses are performed on that dataset over time. Each analysis will involve a large proportion, if not all, of the dataset, so the time to read the whole dataset is more important than the latency in reading the first record.
Commodity hardware
Hadoop doesn’t require expensive, highly reliable hardware. It’s designed to run on clusters of commodity hardware (commonly available hardware that can be obtained from multiple vendors) for which the chance of node failure across the cluster is high, at least for large clusters. HDFS is designed to carry on working without a noticeable interruption to the user in the face of such failure.
It is also worth examining the applications for which using HDFS does not work so well. Although this may change in the future, these are areas where HDFS is not a good fit today:
Low-latency data access
Applications that require low-latency access to data, in the tens of milliseconds range, will not work well with HDFS. Remember, HDFS is optimized for delivering a high throughput of data, and this may be at the expense of latency. HBase is currently a better choice for low-latency access.
Lots of small files
Because the namenode holds filesystem metadata in memory, the limit to the number of files in a filesystem is governed by the amount of memory on the namenode. As a rule of thumb, each file, directory, and block takes about 150 bytes. So, for example, if you had one million files, each taking one block, you would need at least 300 MB of memory. Although storing millions of files is feasible, billions is beyond the capability of current hardware.
Multiple writers, arbitrary file modifications
Files in HDFS may be written to by a single writer. Writes are always made at the end of the file. There is no support for multiple writers or for modifications at arbitrary offsets in the file. (These might be supported in the future, but they are likely to be relatively inefficient.)
Very large files
“Very large” in this context means files that are hundreds of megabytes, gigabytes, or terabytes in size. There are Hadoop clusters running today that store petabytes of data.
Streaming data access
HDFS is built around the idea that the most efficient data processing pattern is a write-once, read-many-times pattern. A dataset is typically generated or copied from source, and then various analyses are performed on that dataset over time. Each analysis will involve a large proportion, if not all, of the dataset, so the time to read the whole dataset is more important than the latency in reading the first record.
Commodity hardware
Hadoop doesn’t require expensive, highly reliable hardware. It’s designed to run on clusters of commodity hardware (commonly available hardware that can be obtained from multiple vendors) for which the chance of node failure across the cluster is high, at least for large clusters. HDFS is designed to carry on working without a noticeable interruption to the user in the face of such failure.
It is also worth examining the applications for which using HDFS does not work so well. Although this may change in the future, these are areas where HDFS is not a good fit today:
Low-latency data access
Applications that require low-latency access to data, in the tens of milliseconds range, will not work well with HDFS. Remember, HDFS is optimized for delivering a high throughput of data, and this may be at the expense of latency. HBase is currently a better choice for low-latency access.
Lots of small files
Because the namenode holds filesystem metadata in memory, the limit to the number of files in a filesystem is governed by the amount of memory on the namenode. As a rule of thumb, each file, directory, and block takes about 150 bytes. So, for example, if you had one million files, each taking one block, you would need at least 300 MB of memory. Although storing millions of files is feasible, billions is beyond the capability of current hardware.
Multiple writers, arbitrary file modifications
Files in HDFS may be written to by a single writer. Writes are always made at the end of the file. There is no support for multiple writers or for modifications at arbitrary offsets in the file. (These might be supported in the future, but they are likely to be relatively inefficient.)
相关推荐
pandas whl安装包,对应各个python版本和系统(具体看资源名字),找准自己对应的下载即可! 下载后解压出来是已.whl为后缀的安装包,进入终端,直接pip install pandas-xxx.whl即可,非常方便。 再也不用担心pip联网下载网络超时,各种安装不成功的问题。
基于java的大学生兼职信息系统答辩PPT.pptx
基于java的乐校园二手书交易管理系统答辩PPT.pptx
tornado-6.4-cp38-abi3-musllinux_1_1_i686.whl
Android Studio Ladybug 2024.2.1(android-studio-2024.2.1.10-mac.dmg)适用于macOS Intel系统,文件使用360压缩软件分割成两个压缩包,必须一起下载使用: part1: https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_43800734/89954174 part2: https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_43800734/89954175
有学生和教师两种角色 登录和注册模块 考场信息模块 考试信息模块 点我收藏 功能 监考安排模块 考场类型模块 系统公告模块 个人中心模块: 1、修改个人信息,可以上传图片 2、我的收藏列表 账号管理模块 服务模块 eclipse或者idea 均可以运行 jdk1.8 apache-maven-3.6 mysql5.7及以上 tomcat 8.0及以上版本
tornado-6.1b2-cp38-cp38-macosx_10_9_x86_64.whl
Android Studio Ladybug 2024.2.1(android-studio-2024.2.1.10-mac.dmg)适用于macOS Intel系统,文件使用360压缩软件分割成两个压缩包,必须一起下载使用: part1: https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_43800734/89954174 part2: https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_43800734/89954175
matlab
基于java的毕业生就业信息管理系统答辩PPT.pptx
随着高等教育的普及和毕业设计的日益重要,为了方便教师、学生和管理员进行毕业设计的选题和管理,我们开发了这款基于Web的毕业设计选题系统。 该系统主要包括教师管理、院系管理、学生管理等多个模块。在教师管理模块中,管理员可以新增、删除教师信息,并查看教师的详细资料,方便进行教师资源的分配和管理。院系管理模块则允许管理员对各个院系的信息进行管理和维护,确保信息的准确性和完整性。 学生管理模块是系统的核心之一,它提供了学生选题、任务书管理、开题报告管理、开题成绩管理等功能。学生可以在此模块中进行毕业设计的选题,并上传任务书和开题报告,管理员和教师则可以对学生的报告进行审阅和评分。 此外,系统还具备课题分类管理和课题信息管理功能,方便对毕业设计课题进行分类和归档,提高管理效率。在线留言功能则为学生、教师和管理员提供了一个交流互动的平台,可以就毕业设计相关问题进行讨论和解答。 整个系统设计简洁明了,操作便捷,大大提高了毕业设计的选题和管理效率,为高等教育的发展做出了积极贡献。
这个数据集来自世界卫生组织(WHO),包含了2000年至2015年期间193个国家的预期寿命和相关健康因素的数据。它提供了一个全面的视角,用于分析影响全球人口预期寿命的多种因素。数据集涵盖了从婴儿死亡率、GDP、BMI到免疫接种覆盖率等多个维度,为研究者提供了丰富的信息来探索和预测预期寿命。 该数据集的特点在于其跨国家的比较性,使得研究者能够识别出不同国家之间预期寿命的差异,并分析这些差异背后的原因。数据集包含22个特征列和2938行数据,涉及的变量被分为几个大类:免疫相关因素、死亡因素、经济因素和社会因素。这些数据不仅有助于了解全球健康趋势,还可以辅助制定公共卫生政策和社会福利计划。 数据集的处理包括对缺失值的处理、数据类型转换以及去重等步骤,以确保数据的准确性和可靠性。研究者可以使用这个数据集来探索如教育、健康习惯、生活方式等因素如何影响人们的寿命,以及不同国家的经济发展水平如何与预期寿命相关联。此外,数据集还可以用于预测模型的构建,通过回归分析等统计方法来预测预期寿命。 总的来说,这个数据集是研究全球健康和预期寿命变化的宝贵资源,它不仅提供了历史数据,还为未来的研究和政策制
基于微信小程序的高校毕业论文管理系统小程序答辩PPT.pptx
基于java的超市 Pos 收银管理系统答辩PPT.pptx
基于java的网上报名系统答辩PPT.pptx
基于java的网上书城答辩PPT.pptx
婚恋网站 SSM毕业设计 附带论文 启动教程:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1GK1iYyE2B
基于java的戒烟网站答辩PPT.pptx
基于微信小程序的“健康早知道”微信小程序答辩PPT.pptx
Capital Bikeshare 数据集是一个包含从2020年5月到2024年8月的自行车共享使用情况的数据集。这个数据集记录了华盛顿特区Capital Bikeshare项目中自行车的租赁模式,包括了骑行的持续时间、开始和结束日期时间、起始和结束站点、使用的自行车编号、用户类型(注册会员或临时用户)等信息。这些数据可以帮助分析和预测自行车共享系统的需求模式,以及了解用户行为和偏好。 数据集的特点包括: 时间范围:覆盖了四年多的时间,提供了长期的数据观察。 细节丰富:包含了每次骑行的详细信息,如日期、时间、天气条件、季节等,有助于深入分析。 用户分类:数据中区分了注册用户和临时用户,可以分析不同用户群体的使用习惯。 天气和季节因素:包含了天气情况和季节信息,可以研究这些因素对骑行需求的影响。 通过分析这个数据集,可以得出关于自行车共享使用模式的多种见解,比如一天中不同时间段的使用高峰、不同天气条件下的使用差异、季节性变化对骑行需求的影响等。这些信息对于城市规划者、交通管理者以及自行车共享服务提供商来说都是非常宝贵的,可以帮助他们优化服务、提高效率和满足用户需求。同时,这个数据集也