Maven配置

 

配置了常用的maven仓库的maven settings.xml：

 

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>

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<!--
 | This is the configuration file for Maven. It can be specified at two levels:
 |
 |  1. User Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for a single user, 
 |                 and is normally provided in ${user.home}/.m2/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
 |
 |                 -s /path/to/user/settings.xml
 |
 |  2. Global Level. This settings.xml file provides configuration for all Maven
 |                 users on a machine (assuming they're all using the same Maven
 |                 installation). It's normally provided in 
 |                 ${maven.home}/conf/settings.xml.
 |
 |                 NOTE: This location can be overridden with the CLI option:
 |
 |                 -gs /path/to/global/settings.xml
 |
 | The sections in this sample file are intended to give you a running start at
 | getting the most out of your Maven installation. Where appropriate, the default
 | values (values used when the setting is not specified) are provided.
 |
 |-->
<settings xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0" 
          xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" 
          xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/SETTINGS/1.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/settings-1.0.0.xsd">
  <localRepository>D:/Program files/apache-maven-3.1.0/repository</localRepository>
  <!-- localRepository
   | The path to the local repository maven will use to store artifacts.
   |
   | Default: ${user.home}/.m2/repository
  <localRepository>/path/to/local/repo</localRepository>
  -->

  <!-- interactiveMode
   | This will determine whether maven prompts you when it needs input. If set to false,
   | maven will use a sensible default value, perhaps based on some other setting, for
   | the parameter in question.
   |
   | Default: true
  <interactiveMode>true</interactiveMode>
  -->

  <!-- offline
   | Determines whether maven should attempt to connect to the network when executing a build.
   | This will have an effect on artifact downloads, artifact deployment, and others.
   |
   | Default: false
  <offline>false</offline>
  -->

  <!-- pluginGroups
   | This is a list of additional group identifiers that will be searched when resolving plugins by their prefix, i.e.
   | when invoking a command line like "mvn prefix:goal". Maven will automatically add the group identifiers
   | "org.apache.maven.plugins" and "org.codehaus.mojo" if these are not already contained in the list.
   |-->
  <pluginGroups>
    <!-- pluginGroup
     | Specifies a further group identifier to use for plugin lookup.
    <pluginGroup>com.your.plugins</pluginGroup>
    -->
  </pluginGroups>

  <!-- proxies
   | This is a list of proxies which can be used on this machine to connect to the network.
   | Unless otherwise specified (by system property or command-line switch), the first proxy
   | specification in this list marked as active will be used.
   |-->
  <proxies>
    <!-- proxy
     | Specification for one proxy, to be used in connecting to the network.
     |
    <proxy>
      <id>optional</id>
      <active>true</active>
      <protocol>http</protocol>
      <username>proxyuser</username>
      <password>proxypass</password>
      <host>proxy.host.net</host>
      <port>80</port>
      <nonProxyHosts>local.net|some.host.com</nonProxyHosts>
    </proxy>
    -->
  </proxies>

  <!-- servers
   | This is a list of authentication profiles, keyed by the server-id used within the system.
   | Authentication profiles can be used whenever maven must make a connection to a remote server.
   |-->
  <servers>
	<server>
      <id>remoteRepository</id>
      <username>lubandev</username>
      <password>123</password>
    </server>
    <!-- server
     | Specifies the authentication information to use when connecting to a particular server, identified by
     | a unique name within the system (referred to by the 'id' attribute below).
     | 
     | NOTE: You should either specify username/password OR privateKey/passphrase, since these pairings are 
     |       used together.
     |
    <server>
      <id>deploymentRepo</id>
      <username>repouser</username>
      <password>repopwd</password>
    </server>
    -->
    
    <!-- Another sample, using keys to authenticate.
    <server>
      <id>siteServer</id>
      <privateKey>/path/to/private/key</privateKey>
      <passphrase>optional; leave empty if not used.</passphrase>
    </server>
    -->
  </servers>

  <!-- mirrors
   | This is a list of mirrors to be used in downloading artifacts from remote repositories.
   | 
   | It works like this: a POM may declare a repository to use in resolving certain artifacts.
   | However, this repository may have problems with heavy traffic at times, so people have mirrored
   | it to several places.
   |
   | That repository definition will have a unique id, so we can create a mirror reference for that
   | repository, to be used as an alternate download site. The mirror site will be the preferred 
   | server for that repository.
   |-->
  <mirrors>
    <!-- mirror
     | Specifies a repository mirror site to use instead of a given repository. The repository that
     | this mirror serves has an ID that matches the mirrorOf element of this mirror. IDs are used
     | for inheritance and direct lookup purposes, and must be unique across the set of mirrors.
     |
    <mirror>
      <id>mirrorId</id>
      <mirrorOf>repositoryId</mirrorOf>
      <name>Human Readable Name for this Mirror.</name>
      <url>http://my.repository.com/repo/path</url>
    </mirror>
     -->
  </mirrors>
  
  <!-- profiles
   | This is a list of profiles which can be activated in a variety of ways, and which can modify
   | the build process. Profiles provided in the settings.xml are intended to provide local machine-
   | specific paths and repository locations which allow the build to work in the local environment.
   |
   | For example, if you have an integration testing plugin - like cactus - that needs to know where
   | your Tomcat instance is installed, you can provide a variable here such that the variable is 
   | dereferenced during the build process to configure the cactus plugin.
   |
   | As noted above, profiles can be activated in a variety of ways. One way - the activeProfiles
   | section of this document (settings.xml) - will be discussed later. Another way essentially
   | relies on the detection of a system property, either matching a particular value for the property,
   | or merely testing its existence. Profiles can also be activated by JDK version prefix, where a 
   | value of '1.4' might activate a profile when the build is executed on a JDK version of '1.4.2_07'.
   | Finally, the list of active profiles can be specified directly from the command line.
   |
   | NOTE: For profiles defined in the settings.xml, you are restricted to specifying only artifact
   |       repositories, plugin repositories, and free-form properties to be used as configuration
   |       variables for plugins in the POM.
   |
   |-->
  <profiles>
    <profile>
      <id>dev</id>
	  <repositories>  
		<repository>  
		  <id>company</id>  
		  <name>company</name>  
		  <url>http://192.168.2.202:8081/nexus/content/repositories/releases/</url>  
		  <releases>  
			<enabled>true</enabled>  
		  </releases>  
		  <snapshots>  
			<enabled>false</enabled>  
		  </snapshots>  
		</repository> 
		<repository>  
		  <id>JBoss_repository</id>  
		  <name>company</name>  
		  <url>http://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/groups/public/</url> 
		</repository>
		<repository>  
		  <id>java.net</id>  
		  <name>company</name>  
		  <url>https://maven.java.net/content/repositories/public/</url> 
		</repository> 
	  </repositories>  
	  <pluginRepositories>  
		<pluginRepository>  
		  <id>company</id>  
		  <name>company</name>  
		  <url>http://192.168.2.202:8081/nexus/content/repositories/releases/</url>  
		  <releases>  
			<enabled>true</enabled>  
		  </releases>  
		  <snapshots>  
			<enabled>false</enabled>  
		  </snapshots>      
		</pluginRepository>
		<pluginRepository>  
		  <id>JBoss_repository</id>  
		  <name>company</name>  
		  <url>http://repository.jboss.org/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>      
		</pluginRepository> 
		<pluginRepository>  
		  <id>java.net</id>  
		  <name>company</name>  
		  <url>https://maven.java.net/content/repositories/public/</url>      
		</pluginRepository>
	  </pluginRepositories>  	  
    </profile>
    <!-- profile
     | Specifies a set of introductions to the build process, to be activated using one or more of the
     | mechanisms described above. For inheritance purposes, and to activate profiles via <activatedProfiles/>
     | or the command line, profiles have to have an ID that is unique.
     |
     | An encouraged best practice for profile identification is to use a consistent naming convention
     | for profiles, such as 'env-dev', 'env-test', 'env-production', 'user-jdcasey', 'user-brett', etc.
     | This will make it more intuitive to understand what the set of introduced profiles is attempting
     | to accomplish, particularly when you only have a list of profile id's for debug.
     |
     | This profile example uses the JDK version to trigger activation, and provides a JDK-specific repo.
    <profile>
      <id>jdk-1.4</id>

      <activation>
        <jdk>1.4</jdk>
      </activation>

      <repositories>
        <repository>
          <id>jdk14</id>
          <name>Repository for JDK 1.4 builds</name>
          <url>http://www.myhost.com/maven/jdk14</url>
          <layout>default</layout>
          <snapshotPolicy>always</snapshotPolicy>
        </repository>
      </repositories>
    </profile>
    -->

    <!--
     | Here is another profile, activated by the system property 'target-env' with a value of 'dev',
     | which provides a specific path to the Tomcat instance. To use this, your plugin configuration
     | might hypothetically look like:
     |
     | ...
     | <plugin>
     |   <groupId>org.myco.myplugins</groupId>
     |   <artifactId>myplugin</artifactId>
     |   
     |   <configuration>
     |     <tomcatLocation>${tomcatPath}</tomcatLocation>
     |   </configuration>
     | </plugin>
     | ...
     |
     | NOTE: If you just wanted to inject this configuration whenever someone set 'target-env' to
     |       anything, you could just leave off the <value/> inside the activation-property.
     |
    <profile>
      <id>env-dev</id>

      <activation>
        <property>
          <name>target-env</name>
          <value>dev</value>
        </property>
      </activation>

      <properties>
        <tomcatPath>/path/to/tomcat/instance</tomcatPath>
      </properties>
    </profile>
    -->
	<!-- 设置项目编译的jdk版本 -->
	<profile>    
		<id>jdk-1.6</id>    
		<activation>    
			<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>    
			<jdk>1.6</jdk>    
		</activation>    
		<properties>    
			<maven.compiler.source>1.6</maven.compiler.source>    
			<maven.compiler.target>1.6</maven.compiler.target>    
			<maven.compiler.compilerVersion>1.6</maven.compiler.compilerVersion>    
		</properties>    
	</profile>
  </profiles>

  <!-- activeProfiles
   | List of profiles that are active for all builds.
   |
  <activeProfiles>
    <activeProfile>alwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
    <activeProfile>anotherAlwaysActiveProfile</activeProfile>
  </activeProfiles>
  -->
  <activeProfiles>
    <activeProfile>dev</activeProfile>
  </activeProfiles>
</settings>

 

 

 

 

常用Maven插件介绍

 

我们都知道Maven本质上是一个插件框架，它的核心并不执行任何具体的构建任务，所有这些任务都交给插件来完成，例如编译源代码是由maven-compiler-plugin完成的。进一步说，每个任务对应了一个插件目标（goal），每个插件会有一个或者多个目标，例如maven-compiler-plugin的compile目标用来编译位于src/main/java/目录下的主源码，testCompile目标用来编译位于src/test/java/目录下的测试源码。

用户可以通过两种方式调用Maven插件目标。第一种方式是将插件目标与生命周期阶段（lifecycle phase）绑定，这样用户在命令行只是输入生命周期阶段而已，例如Maven默认将maven-compiler-plugin的compile目标与compile生命周期阶段绑定，因此命令mvn compile实际上是先定位到compile这一生命周期阶段，然后再根据绑定关系调用maven-compiler-plugin的compile目标。第二种方式是直接在命令行指定要执行的插件目标，例如mvn archetype:generate 就表示调用maven-archetype-plugin的generate目标，这种带冒号的调用方式与生命周期无关。

认识上述Maven插件的基本概念能帮助你理解Maven的工作机制，不过要想更高效率地使用Maven，了解一些常用的插件还是很有必要的，这可以帮助你避免一不小心重新发明轮子。多年来Maven社区积累了大量的经验，并随之形成了一个成熟的插件生态圈。Maven官方有两个插件列表，第一个列表的GroupId为org.apache.maven.plugins，这里的插件最为成熟，具体地址为：http://maven.apache.org/plugins/index.html。第二个列表的GroupId为org.codehaus.mojo，这里的插件没有那么核心，但也有不少十分有用，其地址为：http://mojo.codehaus.org/plugins.html。

接下来笔者根据自己的经验介绍一些最常用的Maven插件，在不同的环境下它们各自都有其出色的表现，熟练地使用它们能让你的日常构建工作事半功倍。

maven-antrun-plugin

http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-antrun-plugin/

maven-antrun-plugin能让用户在Maven项目中运行Ant任务。用户可以直接在该插件的配置以Ant的方式编写Target，然后交给该插件的run目标去执行。在一些由Ant往Maven迁移的项目中，该插件尤其有用。此外当你发现需要编写一些自定义程度很高的任务，同时又觉得Maven不够灵活时，也可以以Ant的方式实现之。maven-antrun-plugin的run目标通常与生命周期绑定运行。

maven-archetype-plugin

http://maven.apache.org/archetype/maven-archetype-plugin/

Archtype指项目的骨架，Maven初学者最开始执行的Maven命令可能就是mvn archetype:generate，这实际上就是让maven-archetype-plugin生成一个很简单的项目骨架，帮助开发者快速上手。可能也有人看到一些文档写了mvn archetype:create，但实际上create目标已经被弃用了，取而代之的是generate目标，该目标使用交互式的方式提示用户输入必要的信息以创建项目，体验更好。maven-archetype-plugin还有一些其他目标帮助用户自己定义项目原型，例如你由一个产品需要交付给很多客户进行二次开发，你就可以为他们提供一个Archtype，帮助他们快速上手。

maven-assembly-plugin

http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-assembly-plugin/

maven-assembly-plugin的用途是制作项目分发包，该分发包可能包含了项目的可执行文件、源代码、readme、平台脚本等等。maven-assembly-plugin支持各种主流的格式如zip、tar.gz、jar和war等，具体打包哪些文件是高度可控的，例如用户可以按文件级别的粒度、文件集级别的粒度、模块级别的粒度、以及依赖级别的粒度控制打包，此外，包含和排除配置也是支持的。maven-assembly-plugin要求用户使用一个名为assembly.xml的元数据文件来表述打包，它的single目标可以直接在命令行调用，也可以被绑定至生命周期。

maven-dependency-plugin

http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-dependency-plugin/

maven-dependency-plugin最大的用途是帮助分析项目依赖，dependency:list能够列出项目最终解析到的依赖列表，dependency:tree能进一步的描绘项目依赖树，dependency:analyze可以告诉你项目依赖潜在的问题，如果你有直接使用到的却未声明的依赖，该目标就会发出警告。maven-dependency-plugin还有很多目标帮助你操作依赖文件，例如dependency:copy-dependencies能将项目依赖从本地Maven仓库复制到某个特定的文件夹下面。

maven-enforcer-plugin

http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-enforcer-plugin/

在一个稍大一点的组织或团队中，你无法保证所有成员都熟悉Maven，那他们做一些比较愚蠢的事情就会变得很正常，例如给项目引入了外部的SNAPSHOT依赖而导致构建不稳定，使用了一个与大家不一致的Maven版本而经常抱怨构建出现诡异问题。maven-enforcer-plugin能够帮助你避免之类问题，它允许你创建一系列规则强制大家遵守，包括设定Java版本、设定Maven版本、禁止某些依赖、禁止SNAPSHOT依赖。只要在一个父POM配置规则，然后让大家继承，当规则遭到破坏的时候，Maven就会报错。除了标准的规则之外，你还可以扩展该插件，编写自己的规则。maven-enforcer-plugin的enforce目标负责检查规则，它默认绑定到生命周期的validate阶段。

maven-help-plugin

http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-help-plugin/

maven-help-plugin是一个小巧的辅助工具，最简单的help:system可以打印所有可用的环境变量和Java系统属性。help:effective-pom和help:effective-settings最为有用，它们分别打印项目的有效POM和有效settings，有效POM是指合并了所有父POM（包括Super POM）后的XML，当你不确定POM的某些信息从何而来时，就可以查看有效POM。有效settings同理，特别是当你发现自己配置的settings.xml没有生效时，就可以用help:effective-settings来验证。此外，maven-help-plugin的describe目标可以帮助你描述任何一个Maven插件的信息，还有all-profiles目标和active-profiles目标帮助查看项目的Profile。

maven-release-plugin

http://maven.apache.org/plugins/maven-release-plugin/

maven-release-plugin的用途是帮助自动化项目版本发布，它依赖于POM中的SCM信息。release:prepare用来准备版本发布，具体的工作包括检查是否有未提交代码、检查是否有SNAPSHOT依赖、升级项目的SNAPSHOT版本至RELEASE版本、为项目打标签等等。release:perform则是签出标签中的RELEASE源码，构建并发布。版本发布是非常琐碎的工作，它涉及了各种检查，而且由于该工作仅仅是偶尔需要，因此手动操作很容易遗漏一些细节，maven-release-plugin让该工作变得非常快速简便，不易出错。maven-release-plugin的各种目标通常直接在命令行调用，因为版本发布显然不是日常构建生命周期的一部分。

关于作者

许晓斌（Juven Xu），国内社区公认的Maven技术专家、Maven中文用户组创始人、Maven技术的先驱和积极推动者，著有《Maven实战》一书。对Maven有深刻的认识，实战经验丰富，不仅撰写了大量关于Maven的技术文章，而且还翻译了开源书籍《Maven权威指南》，对Maven技术在国内的普及和发展做出了很大的贡献。就职于Maven之父的公司，负责维护Maven中央仓库，是Maven仓库管理器Nexus（著名开源软件）的核心开发者之一，曾多次受邀到淘宝等大型企业开展Maven方面的培训。此外，他还是开源技术的积极倡导者和推动者，擅长Java开发和敏捷开发实践。他的个人网站是：http://www.juvenxu.com。