- 环境介绍
- DataGuard部署
- 同步功能测试
- 物理Standby的switchover
- 同步功能测试
- 物理Standby的failover
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一、环境介绍
primary
IP地址：172.20.48.88
主机名：dg01
standby
IP地址：172.20.48.89
主机名：dg02
二、DataGuard部署
- 配置网络环境
- 配置TNS
- 创建pfile文件
- 生成口令文件
- 修改primary pfile文件
- 修改standby pfile文件
- 配置archive路径
- 拷贝数据库
- 替换control文件
- 应用primary pfile
- 应用standby pfile
- 启动standby接收状态
1.修改primary、standby主机hosts文件确保网络环境正常
登录primary
# vi /etc/hosts 增加 172.20.48.88 dg01 172.20.48.89 dg02
验证网络环境
# ping dg01 PING dg01 (172.20.48.88) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from dg01 (172.20.48.88): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.021 ms --- dg01 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.021/0.021/0.021/0.000 ms # ping dg02 PING dg02 (172.20.48.89) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from dg02 (172.20.48.89): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=3.17 ms --- dg02 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 3.178/3.178/3.178/0.000 ms
登录standby
# vi /etc/hosts 增加 172.20.48.89 dg02 172.20.48.88 dg01
验证网络环境
# ping dg01 PING dg01 (172.20.48.88) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from dg01 (172.20.48.88): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=2.32 ms --- dg01 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 2.329/2.329/2.329/0.000 ms # ping dg02 PING dg02 (172.20.48.89) 56(84) bytes of data. 64 bytes from dg02 (172.20.48.89): icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=0.019 ms --- dg02 ping statistics --- 1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.019/0.019/0.019/0.000 ms
2.修改primary、standby主机tnsname文件确保数据库通讯正常
登录primary
$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
增加
DG02 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg02)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = dg02)
)
)
查看通讯状态
$ tnsping dg01 TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-AUG-2013 21:33:32 Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg01)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = dg01))) OK (10 msec) $ tnsping dg02 TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-AUG-2013 21:33:34 Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg02)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = dg02))) OK (10 msec)
登录standby
$ vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
增加
DG01 =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg01)(PORT = 1521))
)
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVICE_NAME = dg01)
)
)
查看通讯状态
$ tnsping dg01 TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-AUG-2013 21:34:53 Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg01)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = dg01))) OK (0 msec) $ tnsping dg02 TNS Ping Utility for Linux: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 18-AUG-2013 21:34:58 Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. Used parameter files: Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS_LIST = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = dg02)(PORT = 1521))) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = dg02))) OK (0 msec)
登录standby验证tns是否配置成功
$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Aug 18 21:36:51 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn system/连接密码@dg01 Connected. #成功连接 SQL> quit Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
3.设定日志记录模式及创建pfile文件
登录primary
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/db_1/dbs $ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Aug 18 21:40:19 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> alter database force logging; #设定日志记录模式 Database altered. SQL> create pfile from spfile; #通过spfile文件创建pfile文件 File created. SQL> quit Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
4.创建口令文件
登录primary
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/db_1/dbs $ orapwd file=orapwdg01 password=数据库密码 entries=5
5.修改pfile文件
登录primary
$ vi /u01/app/oracle/product/db_1/dbs/initdg01.ora 增加 log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive' log_archive_dest_state_1=enable log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=dg02' log_archive_dest_state_2=enable log_archive_start=true log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc' log_archive_max_processes=2 fal_server=dg02 fal_client=dg01 db_unique_name=dg01 $ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive $ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
6.修改archive默认目录并创建standby文件
登录primary
$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Aug 18 21:47:51 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST Oldest online log sequence 0 Next log sequence to archive 1 Current log sequence 1 SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='';#清空路径 System altered. SQL> alter system set log_archive_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive';#设定新路径 System altered. SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive Oldest online log sequence 0 Next log sequence to archive 1 Current log sequence 1 SQL> startup force; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes Fixed Size 1218968 bytes Variable Size 88082024 bytes Database Buffers 188743680 bytes Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> archive log list; Database log mode Archive Mode Automatic archival Enabled Archive destination /u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive Oldest online log sequence 1 Next log sequence to archive 2 Current log sequence 2 SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes Fixed Size 1218968 bytes Variable Size 88082024 bytes Database Buffers 188743680 bytes Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes Database mounted. SQL> alter database create standby controlfile as '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/standby.ctl';#创建standby文件 Database altered. SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> shutdown immediate Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> quit Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
7.将primary数据库拷贝至standby
登录primary
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ $ scp -r dg01 dg02:/u01/app/oracle/oradata $ cd /u01/app/oracle/admin/ $ scp -r dg01 dg02:/u01/app/oracle/admin/ $ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/db_1/dbs $ scp initdg01.ora orapwdg01 dg02:/u01/app/oracle/product/db_1/dbs
8. 使用standby替换control文件
登录standby
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/ $ rm -rf control0* $ mv standby.ctl control01.ctl $ cp control01.ctl control02.ctl $ cp control02.ctl control03.ctl
9.修改standby pfile文件
登录standby
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/db_1/dbs/ $ vi initdg01.ora 修改为 log_archive_dest_1='LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive' log_archive_dest_state_1=enable log_archive_dest_2='SERVICE=dg01' log_archive_dest_state_2=enable log_archive_start=true log_archive_format='%t_%s_%r.arc' log_archive_max_processes=2 fal_server=dg01 fal_client=dg02 db_unique_name=dg02 $ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive $ mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area
10.应用新的primary pfile文件
登录primary
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/db_1/dbs/ $ rm -rf spfiledg01.ora $ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Aug 18 22:15:55 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected to an idle instance. SQL> create spfile from pfile; File created. SQL> startup ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes Fixed Size 1218968 bytes Variable Size 88082024 bytes Database Buffers 188743680 bytes Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes Database mounted. Database opened. SQL> quit Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
11.应用新的standby pfile文件并启动备库
登录standby
$ cd /u01/app/oracle/product/db_1/dbs/ $ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Aug 18 22:18:34 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected to an idle instance. SQL> create spfile from pfile; File created. SQL> startup nomount; ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes Fixed Size 1218968 bytes Variable Size 88082024 bytes Database Buffers 188743680 bytes Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes SQL> alter database mount standby database; Database altered. SQL> select name,database_role from v$database; NAME DATABASE_ROLE ------------------ -------------------------------- DG01 PHYSICAL STANDBY
登录primary
$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Aug 18 22:20:43 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> select name,database_role from v$database; NAME DATABASE_ROLE ------------------ -------------------------------- DG01 PRIMARY
可以看到我们的主库和备库分别是 PRIMARY和PHYSICAL STANDBY
12.接收从主库到备库的redo信息
登录standby
$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sun Aug 18 22:22:18 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> Alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session; Database altered.
此时数据库日志状态
Sun Aug 18 22:24:17 2013 Alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session Sun Aug 18 22:24:17 2013 Attempt to start background Managed Standby Recovery process (dg01) MRP0 started with pid=19, OS id=2975 Sun Aug 18 22:24:17 2013 MRP0: Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (dg01) Managed Standby Recovery not using Real Time Apply Clearing online redo logfile 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/redo01.log Clearing online log 1 of thread 1 sequence number 2 Sun Aug 18 22:24:23 2013 Clearing online redo logfile 1 complete Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 2 Sun Aug 18 22:24:23 2013 Completed: Alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session
使用alter system switch logfile查看传输状态
primary
Thread 1 cannot allocate new log, sequence 3 Private strand flush not complete Current log# 1 seq# 2 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/redo01.log Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 3 Current log# 2 seq# 3 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/redo02.log
standby
RFS[1]: No standby redo logfiles created RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive/1_2_823812298.arc' Sun Aug 18 22:26:08 2013 Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive/1_2_823812298.arc Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 3
三、同步功能测试
登录primary建立test表
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 19 09:08:51 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> create table test (id int, name char(10));
Table created.
SQL> insert into test values(0, ' test 01');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into test values(1, ' test 02');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from test;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
0 test 01
1 test 02
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
primary日志状态
Mon Aug 19 09:10:02 2013 Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 5 Current log# 1 seq# 5 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/redo01.log Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 6 Current log# 2 seq# 6 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/redo02.log Mon Aug 19 09:10:13 2013
standby日志状态
RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive/1_4_823812298.arc' RFS[1]: No standby redo logfiles created RFS[1]: Archived Log: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive/1_5_823812298.arc' Mon Aug 19 09:10:22 2013 Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive/1_4_823812298.arc Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive/1_5_823812298.arc Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 6
登录standby验证
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 19 09:13:34 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> select sequence#, first_time,next_time from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
SEQUENCE# FIRST_TIME NEXT_TIME
---------- ------------ ------------
2 18-AUG-13 18-AUG-13
3 18-AUG-13 18-AUG-13
4 18-AUG-13 19-AUG-13
5 19-AUG-13 19-AUG-13
SQL> select sequence#,applied from v$archived_log order by sequence#;
SEQUENCE# APPLIE
---------- ------
2 YES
3 YES
4 YES
5 YES
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database cancel;
Database altered.
SQL> alter database open read only;
Database altered.
SQL> select * from test;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
0 test 01
1 test 02
SQL> Alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session;
Database altered.
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
standy日志应用状态
Mon Aug 19 09:13:58 2013 Errors in file /u01/app/oracle/admin/dg01/bdump/dg01_mrp0_2975.trc: ORA-16037: user requested cancel of managed recovery operation Mon Aug 19 09:13:58 2013 MRP0: Background Media Recovery process shutdown (dg01) Mon Aug 19 09:13:58 2013 Managed Standby Recovery Canceled (dg01) Mon Aug 19 09:13:58 2013 Completed: alter database recover managed standby database cancel Mon Aug 19 09:14:05 2013 alter database open read only Mon Aug 19 09:14:05 2013 SMON: enabling cache recovery Mon Aug 19 09:14:06 2013 Database Characterset is WE8ISO8859P1 ********************************************************** WARNING: Files may exists in db_recovery_file_dest that are not known to the database. Use the RMAN command CATALOG RECOVERY AREA to re-catalog any such files. One of the following events caused this: 1. A backup controlfile was restored. 2. A standby controlfile was restored. 3. The controlfile was re-created. 4. db_recovery_file_dest had previously been enabled and then disabled. ********************************************************** replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found) Physical standby database opened for read only access. Completed: alter database open read only Mon Aug 19 09:14:36 2013 Alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session Mon Aug 19 09:14:36 2013 Stopping background process CJQ0 Mon Aug 19 09:14:36 2013 Stopping Job queue slave processes Mon Aug 19 09:14:36 2013 Job queue slave processes stopped Waiting for dispatcher 'D000' to shutdown All dispatchers and shared servers shutdown Mon Aug 19 09:14:38 2013 SMON: disabling cache recovery Mon Aug 19 09:14:38 2013 Attempt to start background Managed Standby Recovery process (dg01) MRP0 started with pid=10, OS id=4602 Mon Aug 19 09:14:38 2013 MRP0: Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (dg01) Managed Standby Recovery not using Real Time Apply Clearing online redo logfile 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/redo01.log Clearing online log 1 of thread 1 sequence number 5 Mon Aug 19 09:14:43 2013 Clearing online redo logfile 1 complete Media Recovery Waiting for thread 1 sequence 6 Mon Aug 19 09:14:44 2013 Completed: Alter database recover managed standby database disconnect from session
至此恢复至原始同步状态。
切换分switchover和failover，前者是无损切换，不会丢失数据，而后者则有可能会丢失数据，并且切换后原primary数据库也不再是该data guard配置的一部分了。
Switchover ：无损转换，通常是用户手动触发或者有计划的让其自动触发。其执行分两个阶段，第一步，primary数据库转换为standby角色，第二步，standby数据库转换为primary角色，primary和standby只是简单的角色互换。
Failover ：不可预知原因导致primary数据库故障并且短期内不能恢复就需要failover。
四、物理Standby的switchover
登录primary
$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 19 09:27:51 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> select switchover_status from v$database; SWITCHOVER_STATUS ---------------------------------------- SESSIONS ACTIVE SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed. Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount; ORA-32004: obsolete and/or deprecated parameter(s) specified ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes Fixed Size 1218968 bytes Variable Size 88082024 bytes Database Buffers 188743680 bytes Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes Database mounted. SQL> select switchover_status from v$database; SWITCHOVER_STATUS ---------------------------------------- TO STANDBY SQL> alter database open; Database altered. SQL> alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown; Database altered. SQL> shutdown immediate ORA-01507: database not mounted ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup mount ORA-32004: obsolete and/or deprecated parameter(s) specified ORACLE instance started. Total System Global Area 285212672 bytes Fixed Size 1218968 bytes Variable Size 92276328 bytes Database Buffers 184549376 bytes Redo Buffers 7168000 bytes Database mounted.
select switchover_status from v$database;
如果该列值为"TO STANDBY"则表示primary数据库支持转换为standby角色
primary日志状态
Starting background process EMN0 EMN0 started with pid=21, OS id=30343 Mon Aug 19 09:28:02 2013 Shutting down instance: further logons disabled Mon Aug 19 09:28:02 2013 Stopping background process QMNC Mon Aug 19 09:28:02 2013 Stopping background process CJQ0 Mon Aug 19 09:28:04 2013 Stopping background process MMNL Mon Aug 19 09:28:05 2013 Stopping background process MMON Mon Aug 19 09:28:06 2013 Shutting down instance (immediate) License high water mark = 11 Mon Aug 19 09:28:06 2013 Stopping Job queue slave processes Mon Aug 19 09:28:06 2013 Job queue slave processes stopped All dispatchers and shared servers shutdown Mon Aug 19 09:28:17 2013 PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump Mon Aug 19 09:28:29 2013 PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump Mon Aug 19 09:28:33 2013 ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL Mon Aug 19 09:28:34 2013 SMON: disabling tx recovery SMON: disabling cache recovery Mon Aug 19 09:28:34 2013 Shutting down archive processes Archiving is disabled Mon Aug 19 09:28:39 2013 ARCH shutting down ARC1: Archival stopped Mon Aug 19 09:28:44 2013 ARC0: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH ARC0: Archiving disabled ARCH shutting down ARC0: Archival stopped Mon Aug 19 09:28:45 2013 Thread 1 closed at log sequence 6 Successful close of redo thread 1 Mon Aug 19 09:28:45 2013 Completed: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL Mon Aug 19 09:28:45 2013 ALTER DATABASE DISMOUNT Completed: ALTER DATABASE DISMOUNT ARCH: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 1089 Shutting down archive processes Archiving is disabled Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active ARCH: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 1089 Shutting down archive processes Archiving is disabled Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active Mon Aug 19 09:28:52 2013 Starting ORACLE instance (normal) LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0 LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0 Picked latch-free SCN scheme 2 Autotune of undo retention is turned on. IMODE=BR ILAT =18 LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0 SYS auditing is disabled ksdpec: called for event 13740 prior to event group initialization Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 10.2.0.1.0. System parameters with non-default values: processes = 150 __shared_pool_size = 79691776 __large_pool_size = 4194304 __java_pool_size = 4194304 __streams_pool_size = 0 sga_target = 285212672 control_files = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/control01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/control02.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/control03.ctl db_block_size = 8192 __db_cache_size = 188743680 compatible = 10.2.0.1.0 log_archive_start = TRUE log_archive_dest_1 = LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive log_archive_dest_2 = SERVICE=dg02 log_archive_dest_state_1 = enable log_archive_dest_state_2 = enable log_archive_max_processes= 2 log_archive_format = %t_%s_%r.arc fal_client = dg01 fal_server = dg02 db_file_multiblock_read_count= 16 db_recovery_file_dest = /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area db_recovery_file_dest_size= 2147483648 undo_management = AUTO undo_tablespace = UNDOTBS1 remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE db_domain = dispatchers = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=dg01XDB) job_queue_processes = 10 background_dump_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/dg01/bdump user_dump_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/dg01/udump core_dump_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/dg01/cdump audit_file_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/dg01/adump db_name = dg01 db_unique_name = dg01 open_cursors = 300 pga_aggregate_target = 94371840 Deprecated system parameters with specified values: log_archive_start End of deprecated system parameter listing PMON started with pid=2, OS id=30389 PSP0 started with pid=3, OS id=30391 MMAN started with pid=4, OS id=30393 DBW0 started with pid=5, OS id=30395 LGWR started with pid=6, OS id=30397 CKPT started with pid=7, OS id=30399 SMON started with pid=8, OS id=30401 RECO started with pid=9, OS id=30403 CJQ0 started with pid=10, OS id=30405 MMON started with pid=11, OS id=30407 MMNL started with pid=12, OS id=30409 Mon Aug 19 09:28:52 2013 starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'... starting up 1 shared server(s) ... Mon Aug 19 09:28:52 2013 ALTER DATABASE MOUNT Mon Aug 19 09:28:56 2013 Setting recovery target incarnation to 2 Mon Aug 19 09:28:56 2013 Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 459322772 Mon Aug 19 09:28:56 2013 Database mounted in Exclusive Mode Completed: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT Mon Aug 19 09:29:06 2013 alter database open Mon Aug 19 09:29:06 2013 LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES ARC0 started with pid=16, OS id=30445 Mon Aug 19 09:29:06 2013 ARC0: Archival started ARC1: Archival started LGWR: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE ARC1 started with pid=17, OS id=30449 Mon Aug 19 09:29:06 2013 Thread 1 opened at log sequence 6 Current log# 2 seq# 6 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/redo02.log Successful open of redo thread 1 Mon Aug 19 09:29:06 2013 ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES Mon Aug 19 09:29:06 2013 MTTR advisory is disabled because FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET is not set Mon Aug 19 09:29:06 2013 SMON: enabling cache recovery Mon Aug 19 09:29:06 2013 ARC1: Becoming the 'no FAL' ARCH ARC1: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH ARC2 started with pid=18, OS id=30459 Mon Aug 19 09:29:06 2013 ARC2: Archival started ARC0: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE ARC0: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH Mon Aug 19 09:29:06 2013 Successfully onlined Undo Tablespace 1. Mon Aug 19 09:29:06 2013 SMON: enabling tx recovery Mon Aug 19 09:29:07 2013 Database Characterset is WE8ISO8859P1 replication_dependency_tracking turned off (no async multimaster replication found) Starting background process QMNC QMNC started with pid=19, OS id=30463 Mon Aug 19 09:29:07 2013 db_recovery_file_dest_size of 2048 MB is 0.00% used. This is a user-specified limit on the amount of space that will be used by this database for recovery-related files, and does not reflect the amount of space available in the underlying filesystem or ASM diskgroup. Mon Aug 19 09:29:08 2013 Completed: alter database open Mon Aug 19 09:29:17 2013 alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown Mon Aug 19 09:29:17 2013 ALTER DATABASE COMMIT TO SWITCHOVER TO PHYSICAL STANDBY (dg01) Mon Aug 19 09:30:07 2013 SMON: disabling tx recovery Mon Aug 19 09:30:07 2013 Stopping background process CJQ0 Mon Aug 19 09:30:07 2013 Stopping background process QMNC Mon Aug 19 09:30:09 2013 Stopping Job queue slave processes Mon Aug 19 09:30:09 2013 Job queue slave processes stopped Waiting for dispatcher 'D000' to shutdown All dispatchers and shared servers shutdown Active process 30529 user 'oracle' program 'oracledg01@dg01' Active process 30481 user 'oracle' program 'oracledg01@dg01' Active process 30479 user 'oracle' program 'oracledg01@dg01' Active process 30475 user 'oracle' program 'oracledg01@dg01' Active process 30473 user 'oracle' program 'oracledg01@dg01' Active process 30477 user 'oracle' program 'oracledg01@dg01' Active process 30508 user 'oracle' program 'oracledg01@dg01' Active process 30467 user 'oracle' program 'oracledg01@dg01' Active process 30485 user 'oracle' program 'oracledg01@dg01' CLOSE: waiting for server sessions to complete. Mon Aug 19 09:30:15 2013 PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump Mon Aug 19 09:30:27 2013 PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump PMON failed to acquire latch, see PMON dump Mon Aug 19 09:30:36 2013 CLOSE: all sessions shutdown successfully. Mon Aug 19 09:30:36 2013 SMON: disabling cache recovery Mon Aug 19 09:30:36 2013 Shutting down archive processes Archiving is disabled Mon Aug 19 09:30:41 2013 ARCH shutting down ARC2: Archival stopped Mon Aug 19 09:30:46 2013 ARCH shutting down ARC1: Archival stopped Mon Aug 19 09:30:51 2013 ARCH shutting down ARC0: Archival stopped Mon Aug 19 09:30:52 2013 Thread 1 closed at log sequence 6 Successful close of redo thread 1 Mon Aug 19 09:30:52 2013 ARCH: Noswitch archival of thread 1, sequence 6 ARCH: End-Of-Redo Branch archival of thread 1 sequence 6 ARCH: Archiving is disabled due to current logfile archival Clearing standby activation ID 459262087 (0x1b5fc887) The primary database controlfile was created using the 'MAXLOGFILES 16' clause. There is space for up to 13 standby redo logfiles Use the following SQL commands on the standby database to create standby redo logfiles that match the primary database: ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE 'srl1.f' SIZE 52428800; ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE 'srl2.f' SIZE 52428800; ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE 'srl3.f' SIZE 52428800; ALTER DATABASE ADD STANDBY LOGFILE 'srl4.f' SIZE 52428800; Archivelog for thread 1 sequence 6 required for standby recovery MRP0 started with pid=10, OS id=30591 Mon Aug 19 09:30:53 2013 MRP0: Background Managed Standby Recovery process started (dg01) Managed Standby Recovery not using Real Time Apply Online logfile pre-clearing operation disabled by switchover Media Recovery Log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive/1_6_823812298.arc Identified End-Of-Redo for thread 1 sequence 6 Mon Aug 19 09:30:58 2013 Media Recovery End-Of-Redo indicator encountered Mon Aug 19 09:30:58 2013 Media Recovery Applied until change 528858 Mon Aug 19 09:30:58 2013 MRP0: Media Recovery Complete: End-Of-REDO (dg01) Resetting standby activation ID 459262087 (0x1b5fc887) Mon Aug 19 09:30:59 2013 Waiting for MRP0 pid 30591 to terminate Waiting for MRP0 pid 30591 to terminate Mon Aug 19 09:31:01 2013 MRP0: Background Media Recovery process shutdown (dg01) Mon Aug 19 09:31:01 2013 idle dispatcher 'D000' terminated, pid = (13, 1) Mon Aug 19 09:31:01 2013 Switchover: Complete - Database shutdown required (dg01) Mon Aug 19 09:31:01 2013 Completed: alter database commit to switchover to physical standby with session shutdown Shutting down instance: further logons disabled Mon Aug 19 09:31:05 2013 Stopping background process MMNL Mon Aug 19 09:31:06 2013 Stopping background process MMON Mon Aug 19 09:31:07 2013 Shutting down instance (immediate) License high water mark = 11 Waiting for dispatcher 'D000' to shutdown All dispatchers and shared servers shutdown Mon Aug 19 09:31:09 2013 ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL ORA-1507 signalled during: ALTER DATABASE CLOSE NORMAL... ARCH: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 1089 Shutting down archive processes Archiving is disabled Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active ARCH: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 1089 Shutting down archive processes Archiving is disabled Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active Mon Aug 19 09:31:16 2013 Starting ORACLE instance (normal) LICENSE_MAX_SESSION = 0 LICENSE_SESSIONS_WARNING = 0 Picked latch-free SCN scheme 2 Autotune of undo retention is turned on. IMODE=BR ILAT =18 LICENSE_MAX_USERS = 0 SYS auditing is disabled ksdpec: called for event 13740 prior to event group initialization Starting up ORACLE RDBMS Version: 10.2.0.1.0. System parameters with non-default values: processes = 150 __shared_pool_size = 83886080 __large_pool_size = 4194304 __java_pool_size = 4194304 __streams_pool_size = 0 sga_target = 285212672 control_files = /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/control01.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/control02.ctl, /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/control03.ctl db_block_size = 8192 __db_cache_size = 184549376 compatible = 10.2.0.1.0 log_archive_start = TRUE log_archive_dest_1 = LOCATION=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive log_archive_dest_2 = SERVICE=dg02 log_archive_dest_state_1 = enable log_archive_dest_state_2 = enable log_archive_max_processes= 2 log_archive_format = %t_%s_%r.arc fal_client = dg01 fal_server = dg02 db_file_multiblock_read_count= 16 db_recovery_file_dest = /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area db_recovery_file_dest_size= 2147483648 undo_management = AUTO undo_tablespace = UNDOTBS1 remote_login_passwordfile= EXCLUSIVE db_domain = dispatchers = (PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=dg01XDB) job_queue_processes = 10 background_dump_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/dg01/bdump user_dump_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/dg01/udump core_dump_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/dg01/cdump audit_file_dest = /u01/app/oracle/admin/dg01/adump db_name = dg01 db_unique_name = dg01 open_cursors = 300 pga_aggregate_target = 94371840 Deprecated system parameters with specified values: log_archive_start End of deprecated system parameter listing PMON started with pid=2, OS id=30621 PSP0 started with pid=3, OS id=30623 MMAN started with pid=4, OS id=30625 DBW0 started with pid=5, OS id=30627 LGWR started with pid=6, OS id=30629 CKPT started with pid=7, OS id=30631 SMON started with pid=8, OS id=30633 RECO started with pid=9, OS id=30635 CJQ0 started with pid=10, OS id=30637 MMON started with pid=11, OS id=30639 MMNL started with pid=12, OS id=30641 Mon Aug 19 09:31:16 2013 starting up 1 dispatcher(s) for network address '(ADDRESS=(PARTIAL=YES)(PROTOCOL=TCP))'... starting up 1 shared server(s) ... Mon Aug 19 09:31:16 2013 ALTER DATABASE MOUNT Mon Aug 19 09:31:20 2013 Setting recovery target incarnation to 2 ARCH: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES ARC0 started with pid=16, OS id=30650 Mon Aug 19 09:31:20 2013 ARC0: Archival started ARC1: Archival started ARCH: STARTING ARCH PROCESSES COMPLETE Mon Aug 19 09:31:20 2013 ARC0: Becoming the 'no FAL' ARCH ARC0: Becoming the 'no SRL' ARCH ARC0: Thread not mounted ARC1 started with pid=17, OS id=30652 ARC1: Becoming the heartbeat ARCH ARC1: Thread not mounted Mon Aug 19 09:31:20 2013 Successful mount of redo thread 1, with mount id 459281700 Mon Aug 19 09:31:20 2013 Physical Standby Database mounted. Completed: ALTER DATABASE MOUNT
登录standby切换角色
$ sqlplus /nolog SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 19 09:40:49 2013 Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. SQL> conn /as sysdba Connected. SQL> select switchover_status from v$database; SWITCHOVER_STATUS ---------------------------------------- TO PRIMARY SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary; Database altered.
select switchover_status from v$database;
此时待转换standby数据库switchover_status列值应该是"TO_PRIMARY"
standby日志状态
Mon Aug 19 09:41:03 2013 alter database commit to switchover to primary Mon Aug 19 09:41:03 2013 ALTER DATABASE SWITCHOVER TO PRIMARY (dg01) Mon Aug 19 09:41:03 2013 If media recovery active, switchover will wait 900 seconds SwitchOver after complete recovery through change 528858 Online log /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/redo02.log: Thread 1 Group 2 was previously cleared Standby became primary SCN: 528856 Mon Aug 19 09:41:08 2013 Switchover: Complete - Database shutdown required (dg01) Completed: alter database commit to switchover to primary Mon Aug 19 09:41:14 2013 ARC1: Archival disabled due to instance shutdown Shutting down archive processes Archiving is disabled Mon Aug 19 09:41:21 2013 RFS[4]: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 16098 Shutting down archive processes Archiving is disabled Mon Aug 19 09:41:24 2013 ARCH shutting down Mon Aug 19 09:41:24 2013 Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active Mon Aug 19 09:41:24 2013 ARC0: Archival stopped Mon Aug 19 09:41:24 2013 RFS[4]: Archival disabled due to shutdown: 16098 Shutting down archive processes Archiving is disabled Archive process shutdown avoided: 0 active Mon Aug 19 09:41:29 2013 ARCH shutting down ARC1: Archival stopped
登录查看角色是否转化成功
登录primary
SQL> select name,database_role from v$database; NAME DATABASE_ROLE ------------------ -------------------------------- DG01 PHYSICAL STANDBY
登录standby
SQL> select name,database_role from v$database; NAME DATABASE_ROLE ------------------ -------------------------------- DG01 PRIMARY
使用alter system switch logfile查看传输状态
standby
Mon Aug 19 09:58:12 2013 Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 8 Current log# 1 seq# 8 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/redo01.log Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 9 Current log# 3 seq# 9 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/redo03.log
primary
RFS[2]: Assigned to RFS process 32645 RFS[2]: Identified database type as 'physical standby' RFS[2]: No standby redo logfiles created RFS[2]: Archived Log: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive/1_7_823812298.arc' RFS[2]: No standby redo logfiles created RFS[2]: Archived Log: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/archive/1_8_823812298.arc'
五、同步功能测试
登录dg02新建test02表
$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Aug 19 10:08:57 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn /as sysdba
Connected.
SQL> create table test02 (id int, name char(10));
Table created.
SQL> insert into test02 values(0, ' test 01');
1 row created.
SQL> insert into test02 values(1, ' test 02');
1 row created.
SQL> commit;
Commit complete.
SQL> select * from test02;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
0 test 01
1 test 02
SQL> alter system switch logfile;
System altered.
SQL> /
System altered.
SQL> quit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.1.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options
dg02日志状态
Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 10 Current log# 2 seq# 10 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/redo02.log Thread 1 advanced to log sequence 11 Current log# 1 seq# 11 mem# 0: /u01/app/oracle/oradata/dg01/redo01.log
登录dg01验证
SQL> select * from test02;
ID NAME
---------- --------------------
0 test 01
1 test 02
六、物理Standby的failover
1、 检查归档文件是否连续
查询待转换standby数据库的V$ARCHIVE_GAP视图，确认归档文件是否连接
SQL> SELECT THREAD#, LOW_SEQUENCE#, HIGH_SEQUENCE# FROM V$ARCHIVE_GAP; no rows selected
2、 检查归档文件是否完整
分别在primary/standby执行下列语句
SQL> select distinct thread#,max(sequence#) over(partition by thread#) a from v$archived_log;
SQL> select distinct thread#,max(sequence#) over(partition by thread#) a from v$archived_log;
THREAD# A
---------- ----------
1 26
SQL> select distinct thread#,max(sequence#) over(partition by thread#) a from v$archived_log;
THREAD# A
---------- ----------
1 26
3、 启动failover
SQL> alter database recover managed standby database finish force; Database altered.
4、 切换物理standby角色为primary
SQL> alter database commit to switchover to primary; Database altered.
5、 启动新的primary数据库。
SQL> shutdown immediate ORA-01109: database not open Database dismounted. ORACLE instance shut down. SQL> startup Total System Global Area 2298478592 bytes Fixed Size 1220652 bytes Variable Size 503320532 bytes Database Buffers 1778384896 bytes Redo Buffers 15552512 bytes Database mounted. Database opened.
角色转换工作完成。剩下的是补救措施(针对原primary数据库)，由于此时primary数据库已经不再是data guard配置的一部分，我们需要做的就是尝试看看能否恢复原primary数据库，将其改造为新的standby服务器。具体操作方式可以分为二类：1.重建 2.备份恢复。
至此、完成。
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Oracle 11G 创建scott用户
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