oracle触发器(trigger)的使用示例

创建一个DML语句级触发器，当对emp表执行INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE 操作时，它自动更新dept_summary 表中的数据。由于在PL/SQL块中不能直接调用DDL语句，所以，利用ORACLE内置包DBMS_UTILITY中的EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT过程，由它执行DDL语句创建触发器。

CREATE TABLE dept_summary(
Deptno NUMBER(2),
Sal_sum NUMBER(9, 2),
Emp_count NUMBER);

INSERT INTO dept_summary(deptno, sal_sum, emp_count)
SELECT deptno, SUM(sal), COUNT(*)
FROM emp
GROUP BY deptno;

--创建一个PL/SQL过程disp_dept_summary
--在触发器中调用该过程显示dept_summary标中的数据。
CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE disp_dept_summary
IS
Rec dept_summary%ROWTYPE;
CURSOR c1 IS SELECT * FROM dept_summary;
BEGIN
OPEN c1;
FETCH c1 INTO REC;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('deptno    sal_sum    emp_count');
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('-------------------------------------');
WHILE c1%FOUND LOOP
    DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(RPAD(rec.deptno, 6)||
      To_char(rec.sal_sum, '$999,999.99')||
      LPAD(rec.emp_count, 13));
    FETCH c1 INTO rec;
END LOOP;
CLOSE c1;
END;
BEGIN
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('插入前');
Disp_dept_summary();
DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT('
    CREATE OR REPLACE TRIGGER trig1
      AFTER INSERT OR DELETE OR UPDATE OF sal ON emp
    BEGIN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(''正在执行trig1 触发器…'');
      DELETE FROM dept_summary;
      INSERT INTO dept_summary(deptno, sal_sum, emp_count)
      SELECT deptno, SUM(sal), COUNT(*)
      FROM emp GROUP BY deptno;
    END;
');


INSERT INTO dept(deptno, dname, loc)
VALUES(90, ‘demo_dept’, ‘none_loc’);
INSERT INTO emp(ename, deptno, empno, sal)
VALUES(USER, 90, 9999, 3000);

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('插入后');
Disp_dept_summary();

UPDATE emp SET sal=1000 WHERE empno=9999;
DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('修改后');
Disp_dept_summary();

DELETE FROM emp WHERE empno=9999;
DELETE FROM dept WHERE deptno=90;

DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE('删除后');
Disp_dept_summary();
DBMS_UTILITY.EXEC_DDL_STATEMENT(‘DROP TRIGGER trig1’);
EXCEPTION
   WHEN OTHERS THEN
      DBMS_OUTPUT.PUT_LINE(SQLCODE||'---'||SQLERRM);

END;