使用Eclipse开发一个Servlet3.0的简单例子

1、打开Eclipse4.2，新建一个Maven项目

　　　　1）选择maven的archetype为maven-archetype-webapp

　　　　2）填写项目信息

 

　　2、完善项目目录结构

　　　　1）手工添加 src/main/java、src/test/java和src/test/resource 三个source folder，在项目上右键 New ---->Source Folder，输入folder name即可。

　　　　2）修改Source Folder的编译路径，进入Java Build Bath窗口，双击每个文件夹下的Output folder，指定路径。

　　　　　src/main/java和src/main/resource指定target/calsses，

　　　　　src/test/java和src/test/resource指定target/test-classes

　　　　　都选上选上Allow output folders for source folders.

 

　　3、把项目转为 Dynamic Web Module

　　　　1）在项目上点击右键，选择属性，然后选择Project facets，然后点击Convert to faceted form...

 

　　　  勾选Dynamic Web Module，选择3.0，表示支持servlet3.0

 

　　　  勾选Java，选择1.6或更高的jdk版本

　　　　然后再点击Further configuration available...，在弹出的窗口中Context directory输入：src/main/webapp

　　　　2）配置部署的程序Deployment Assembly，删掉test的那两项，test的程序发布的时候不需要，添加maven的依赖库，Eclipse发布的时候可以发布到lib目录中

　　　　3）删除jdk5,添加jdk6

　　

　　4、pom.xml文件配置，添加Servlet3依赖、日志配置等

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/maven-v4_0_0.xsd">
  <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
  <groupId>cn.luxh.app</groupId>
  <artifactId>app</artifactId>
  <packaging>war</packaging>
  <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
  <name>app Maven Webapp</name>
  <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>
  <!-- 属性配置 -->
  <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <junit.version>4.10</junit.version>
      <logback.version>1.0.7</logback.version>
      <slf4j.version>1.7.2</slf4j.version>
  </properties>
  
  <!-- 依赖配置 -->
  <dependencies>
       <dependency>
         <groupId>junit</groupId>
         <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
         <version>${junit.version}</version>
         <scope>test</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
        <version>3.1-b02</version>
        <type>jar</type>
        <scope>provided</scope>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>
        <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId>
        <version>${slf4j.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        <artifactId>logback-core</artifactId>
        <version>${logback.version}</version>
    </dependency>
    <dependency>
        <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>
        <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>
        <version>${logback.version}</version>
    </dependency>
  </dependencies>
  <build>
    <finalName>demo</finalName>
    <plugins>
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.maven.plugins</groupId>
            <artifactId>maven-compiler-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.5.1</version>
            <configuration>
                <source>1.6</source>  
                  <target>1.6</target>  
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>
</project>

 

　　5、logback.xml日志文件配置，该文件存放在src/main/resources/目录下

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<configuration>
   <!-- 控制台输出 -->
  <appender name="stdout" class="ch.qos.logback.core.ConsoleAppender">
      <encoder>
          <pattern>%date [%thread] %-5level %logger{80} - %msg%n</pattern>
      </encoder>
  </appender>
  <root level="INFO">
      <appender-ref ref="stdout"/>
  </root>
</configuration> 

　　

　　6、编写Servlet

　　　　1）写个编码过滤器

package cn.luxh.app.filter;

import java.io.IOException;
import javax.servlet.Filter;
import javax.servlet.FilterChain;
import javax.servlet.FilterConfig;
import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.ServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.ServletResponse;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * Servlet Filter implementation class EncodingFilter
 */
@WebFilter("/EncodingFilter")
public class EncodingFilter implements Filter {
    
    final static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(EncodingFilter.class);

    public void destroy() {
        LOG.info("销毁......");
    }

    public void doFilter(ServletRequest request, ServletResponse response, FilterChain chain) throws IOException, ServletException {
        request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        chain.doFilter(request, response);
    }

    public void init(FilterConfig fConfig) throws ServletException {
        LOG.info("初始化......");
    }

}

　　　　2）第一个Servlet

package cn.luxh.app.servlet;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.PrintWriter;

import javax.servlet.ServletException;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;
import javax.servlet.http.HttpServletResponse;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

/**
 * Servlet implementation class FirstServlet
 */
@WebServlet("/FirstServlet")
public class FirstServlet extends HttpServlet {
    
    final static Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(FirstServlet.class);
    
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 6833688147345340845L;

    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        LOG.info("hello");
        PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();
        out.print("first servlet");
        out.flush();
        out.close();
        
    }


}

 

　　　　3）web.xml不需要任何配置，用tomcat7发布，tomcat6不支持Servlet3。访问：http://localhost:8080/app/FirstServlet