一般过去时的讲解(simple past tense)

一般过去时

一．    教学目标：一般过去时
二．    教学重难点：一般过去时（用法、动词过去式的变化规则等）
            实义动词do一般过去时的讲解
三．    教学步骤：
（一）般过去时的概念     一般过去时用来表示过去某一时间内发生的动作或存在的状态以及过去习惯性、反复性的动作。谓语动词要用动词的过去式，常和表示过去的时间状语连用，如yesterday昨天、last night昨晚、last week上周、last year去年，等。

（二）一般过去时的结构（可分三类不同的结构）

1.Be动词的一般过去时  在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词， am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were

肯定句式：主语 + be(was , were) + 其它.

否定句式：主语 + be(was , were) + not + 其它.

一般疑问句：Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它？

注：在这种构成中，be动词有人称和数的变化，即要根据主语选用was / were。Be动词分为单数和复数，was是表示单数，were是表示复数。

2. 实义动词的一般过去时态  肯定句要使用动词的过去式，否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.

肯定句式：主语 + 动词（过去式）+ 其它

否定句式：主语 + didn’t + 动词（原形）+ 其它 【did not = didn’t】

一般疑问句：Did + 主语+ 动词（原形）+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为did】？

注：1.  did和didn’t 是构成一般过去时的助动词，其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。

     2.  实意动词do的一般过去时 

I  do  my  homework  every day.(用yesterday改写句子)

I  did  my  homework  yesterday.

I  didn’t do  my  homework  yesterday.(否定句)

Did  you  do  your  homework  yesterday？Yes ,I did.   /No,  I didn’t.(一般疑问句)

3. 情态动词的一般过去时态  含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有Be动词的一般过去时，是十分相似，请注意观察。 

肯定句式：主语 + 情态动词 + 其它

否定句式：主语 + 情态动词 + not + 其它.

一般疑问句：情态动词 + 主语 + 其它？

注：情态动词的过去式：can→could , may→might , must→must ，will-would，should-should。  4.特殊疑问句式： 特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他？

特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他？

特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他？

What was your former name？ 你以前叫什么名字？

Why was he late for school last Monday？ 上星期一他为什么迟到？

What could she do twenty years ago？ 20年前她能做什么？

（三） 一般过去时的判断标志词一般过去时的判断标志词一般过去时的判断标志词一般过去时的判断标志词 yesterday , the day before yesterday , last + 时间 , this morning  时间 + ago , just now , a moment ago , in + 过去的时间 ,

注意：一般过去时表示过去经常或反复发生的动作，常和often经常，  always总是，once a week一周一次，等表示频度的时间状语连用

（四）规则动词的过去式
1.一般情况下，在动词原形后面加-ed。  look→looked    play→played     start→started     visit→visited  pull-pulled,  cook-cooked

2.以不发音e结尾的动词，在词尾直接加-d。  live→lived    use→used   taste-tasted

3.以“辅音字母+ y”结尾的动词，先将 y 改为i ,再加 –ed。  study→studied     try→tried       fly→flied 

4.以重读闭音节（即辅音＋元音＋辅音）或r音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母的动词，要先双写这个辅音字母后，再加 –ed。  stop→stopped  plan→planned  stop-stopped     prefer→preferred

5.不规则动词的过去式需特殊记忆。 如：am(is)-was,  are-were（是）, become _became (成为) go-went（走）, （买） buy --bought， sell--sold(卖）come-came（来）, take-took（拿）, have (has)-had（有）， begin（开始）--began,  bring（拿来）--brought,  can（能）--could,   catch（捉住）--caught,   cut（砍，割）--cut,  do/does（做，干）--did,   draw（画画,拉）--drew,  drink（喝）--drank,  drive（驾驶）--drove,   eat（吃）--ate,  fall（跌倒，落下）--fell,   feel（感觉）--felt,   fly（飞）--flew,  get（获得）--got,   give（给）---gave,    grow（生长）--grew,  keep（保持）--kept,   know（知道，认识）--knew,   learn（学习）--learnt,  leave （离开）--left,   let（让）--let,  lie（躺，平放）--lay, make（使得，做）--made,   may（可以）--might,   must（必须）--must, read（读）--read,   ride （骑）--rode,   ring （鸣铃）--rang,  run（跑）--ran,   say 说）--said,  see （看见）--saw,  sell （卖）--sold,   send（送）--sent,     set （放）--set,  sing（唱歌）--sang,   sit （坐）--sat,   sleep （睡觉）--slept,  speak（说话）--spoke, spend （花费）--spent, stand （站立）--stood, swim （游泳）--swam,  teach（教）--taught,  tell （告诉）--told,  think（认为）--thought,  throw（投掷）--threw, understand（懂得）--understood,  wear（穿）--wore,   will（将要）--would,  win（获胜）--won,  (弯曲) bend --bent, blow --blew(吹)，选择 choose chose ，

（五）一般过去时的基本用法
① 表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。

  He suddenly fell ill last night.    他昨晚突然病倒了。

②表示过去的习惯性或经常发生的动作

  She went to the cinema once a month when she was at alked by the riverside.  我在乡下时经常在河边散步。  

③叙述过去连续发生的一件件事

  She got up early, fetched water, cleaned the room and then went out for a walk.   她早早起床，提水，打扫房间然后出去散步。

（六）课后练习

一般过去时练习题，.请用正确动词形式填空

1. He     (live) in Wuxi two years ago.

2. The cat        (eat) a bird last night.

3. We       (have) a party last Halloween. 4

4. Nancy      (pick) up oranges on the farm last week.

5. I        (make) a model ship with Mike yesterday.

6. They         (play) chess in the classroom last PE lesson.

7. My mother        (cook) a nice food last Spring Festival.

8. The girls        (dance) at the party last night.

1.9.  I        (watch) a cartoon on Saturday last week.
10. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?

11. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.

12. Gao Shan _______ (put) up  the picture last night.

13. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday.

1.14.  14. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning?
15. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.

16. Mike _________________(not go) to bed until 12 o’clock last night.

17. I listened but ___________ (hear) nothing.

18. How many people ________ (be) there in your class last term?

II. 改错题

1．How is Jane yesterday? _____________________

2．He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________

3.He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________

4．I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________

5.Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________

三、按要求变换句型。

1. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）

  _______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?

2. He cleaned his room just now.. （划线提问） What________ he _______?

3. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句）

   Thomas _______ _______ RMB 10 on this book.

4. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问）

   ________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?

1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.

2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________.

3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?

He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.

4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.

5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.

She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.

6. When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year.

7. My friend, Carol, ________(study) for the math test and ________(practice) English last night.

8. ________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _________.

9. How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not) bad.

10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she __________.

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巧记一般过去时：

动词一般过去时，表示过去发生的事；be用was或用were, have,has变had；
谓语动词过去式，过去时间作标志；一般动词加-ed，若是特殊得硬记
否定句很简单，主语之后didn’t添；
疑问句也不难，did放在主语前；           不含be动词时
如果谓语之前有did，谓语动词需还原；
动词若是was,were,否定就把not添。           含be动词时
疑问句也不难，要把was，were放在主语前。
二、be的一般过去时：学习动词be的一般过去时，下面有一口诀，它可以帮你们更好地掌  
    握动词be的一般过去时。  be的过去时有四巧：
    一是时间状语巧， 表示过去的短语要记牢；
    二是形式巧，单数was，复数were；
    三巧是否定句结构，not紧跟was／were；
    四是疑问句式巧，was／were向前跑(提前)。
【一巧】时间状语（即标志词）巧。一般过去时表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，恰巧   
       与表示过去的一些时间状语连用。

【二巧】形式巧。它与一般现在时一样，形式多样：当主语是第一人称单数或第三人称单
        数时，谓语动词用was；主语是第二人称或其他人称复数时，谓语动词用were。
        例如： I was in the classroom yesterday morning． 昨天早上我在教室里。
                   He was at school last Tuesday． 上周二他在学校。
                   They were over there a moment ago． 刚才他们在那边。
【三巧】否定句结构巧。与动词be的一般现在时一样，它在动词后面加not即可变成否定
        句，并且was, were与not可以缩写成wasn't, weren't。即：
        主语 ＋ wasn't／ weren't ＋ 表语 ＋ 其他。例如：
             I was not (＝wasn't) here yesterday． 昨天我不在这儿。
             My parents were not (＝weren't) at home last Sunday． 上周日我父母不在家。
【四巧】 疑问句式巧。把was, were提到句首，句末用问号即可变为一般疑问句。即：
         Was(Were) ＋ 主语 ＋表语 ＋ 其他？这恰巧与动词be的一般现在时的疑问句
         式相似。例如：  Were you at home the day before yesterday﹖ 前天你在家吗？
                             Was she late this morning﹖今天早上她迟到了吗？
更巧的是疑问句的答语也相似，肯定回答用“Yes, 主语＋was／were．”；
                                     否定回答用“No,主语＋wasn't／weren't．”。
           例如：—Were Wei Hua and Han Mei here just now﹖ 刚才魏华和韩梅在这儿吗？
                —Yes, they were． (No, they weren't．) 是的，她们在。（不，她们不在。）

一、单项选择： 从下列各题后所给的四个选项中选择最佳答案填空。(10)
(   )1． My father＿＿＿＿＿＿ill yesterday．
         A． isn't   B． aren't      C． wasn't  D． weren't
(   )2． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your parents at home last week﹖
         A． Is       B． Was          C． Are  D． Were
(   )3． The  twins＿＿＿＿＿＿in Dalian  last year． They＿＿＿＿＿＿here now．
         A． are; were    B． were; are   C． was; are        D． were; was
(   )4． ＿＿＿＿＿＿your father at work the day＿＿＿＿＿yesterday(前天）﹖
         A． Was; before     B． Is; before     C． Was; after      D． Is; after 
(   )5． —Who was on duty last Friday﹖
         —＿＿＿＿＿＿．
         A． I am       B． I was     C． Yes, I was       D． No, I wasn't
(   )6.  I cleaned my classroom ___________.
        A   with three hours     B   three hours ago  
       C    in three hours      D    three hours before
(   ) 7. I came _______ my house two days ago .
      A   back on     B   back to   C    to back         D   back
(   ) 8 .   ___________?  He did some reading at home.
     A What does your father do yesterday evening 
     B  What does your brother do in the school
     C What did your brother do over the weekend  
     D  Where did your brother go last Sunday
(   ) 9. What did you do ________ ? I went to the movies.
     A next morning   Bover the weekend  C  in the weekend  D next Monday
(    ) 10.  The koala sleeps _______，but gets up _________.
     A   during the day; at the evening                B   at day ;during night
     C   in the day ;during the evening              D   during the day ; at night
二、请用正确动词形式填空。(10)
1. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
2. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday?      No, she _________.
3. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?
  He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.
4. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.
5. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.
6. When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year.
7. My friend, Carol, ________(study) for the math test and ________(practice) English last night.
8. ________ Mr. Li __________(do) the project on Monday morning? Yes, he _________.
9. How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not) bad.
10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she __________.
三、翻译下列句子(20)
1. 我过了一个忙碌但却刺激的周末。
  I _________ _________ __________ __________ exciting weekend.
2. Jenny喜欢看书。昨晚她看了一本英语书。
  Jenny likes _________ __________. She _________ an English book last night.
3. Emma每天都看电视。可是昨天他没有看。
  Emma__________ TV every day. But he _________ ________ ________ yesterday.
4. 上周六他们做什么了？他们做作业和购物了。
   What ________ they _________ _________ Saturday?
   They _________ __________ homework and _________ __________.
5. 今天早上方方得做饭，因为他父亲不在家。
  This morning Fangfang ____ ____ ____ ____ because his father _____ _____ ____ yesterday.
6. 你还有什么要说的？ What _______ would you like _______ _______?
7. 放学别忘了向老师说声再见。 Don’t forget ______ _______ _______ _______ the teacher.
8. 为什么你昨晚没有看电视？ Why _______ you _______ TV last night?
9. 他在打扫教室的时候，发现地上有块表。
   When he ______ the classroom, he ______ a watch on the ground.
10. 他什么时候出生的？1980年。 ---When _______ he _______? ---_______ 1980.
四、改写句子：(20)
1、Lucy did her homework at home.（改否定句）Lucy ________ _______ her homework at home.
2、He found some meat in the fridge（冰箱）.（变一般疑问句)
  ___________ he __________ ___________ meat in the fridge?
3、There was some orange in the cup.（变一般疑问句)_______ there _______ orange in the cup?
4. Frank read an interesting book about history. （一般疑问句）
  _______ Frank _______ an interesting book about history?
5. Why not go out for a walk? （同义句） _______ ________ ________ out for a walk?
6. Thomas spent RMB 10 on this book. （否定句） Thomas______ _____RMB 10 on this book.
7. My family went to the beach last week. （划线提问）
  ________ ________ ________ family _______ last week?
8. I think she is Lily’s sister. （否定句。注意否定转移）____________________
9. Sally often does some reading in the morning. （否定句）
  Sally _______ often ______ some reading in the morning.
10. He is a tall, thin boy. （划线提问） _______ _______ he _______ ________?
五、 改错题(20)
1．How is Jane yesterday? _____________________
2．He go to school by bus last week. ____________________________
3．He often goes home at 6:00 last month. ____________________________
4．I can fly kites seven years ago. ______________________________
5．Did you saw him just now. ____________________________________
6．Tom wasn’t watch TV last night. ____________________________________
7．I didn’t my homework yesterday. ____________________________________
8．He wait for you three hours ago. ____________________________________
9．Who find it just now ? ________________________________________
10.What make him cry (哭) just now? __________________________________
六、完形填空(10)
   Tom did not like doing his homework，because he liked to do some 1 things after school．And his teacher always 2 a lot of mistakes in his homework．
   Then one day，his maths teacher 3 at Tom’s homework and saw that he got all his answers right．He was very 4 and surprised（惊奇）．The next morning before class，he called Tom 5 his desk and 6 to him，“You got all your homework right this time．Did your father help you？”Sometimes Tom’s father helped him with his homework， 7 this time he didn’t help Tom because he 8 at home．So Tom answered，“NO，Sir．He Was busy last night，so I 9 to do it 10 ．”
（ ）1．A．others B．another C．the other D．other
（ ）2．A．made B．found C．looked at D．looked
（ ）3．A．laughed B．knocked C．looked D．saw
（ ）4．A．please B．pleased C．pleasure D．sad
（ ）5．A．to B．for C．in D．at
（ ）6．A．talked B．asked C．spoke D．said
（ ）7．A．and B．but C．so D．or
（ ）8．A．isn’t B．won’t be C．wasn’t D．can’t be
（ ）9．A．wanted B．mustn’t C．liked D．had
（ ）10．A．itself B．of them C．myself D．himself
七．写作(10)。 日记一则，字数50---60。 记叙一天的活动：
1．早晨起床，吃饭，上学；
2．上午的课程，并就其中一堂课进行描述；
3．午休的活动；
4．下午的课程及作业；
5.  晚上的安排。
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答案：
一、单项选择：1---5 CDBAB      6----10  BBCBD
二、1.had         2. Did; practice; didn't
3.did; do; watched; read       4.went         5.didn't visit; stayed; did
6.did write; wrote        7.studied; practiced    8. Did; do;did
9.was; wasn't       10. Was; wasn't
三、1.spent a busy but            2.reading books; read
3.watches; didn't watch TV     4.did; do last; did their; went shopping
5.had to cook breakfast; wasn't at home     6.else; to say;       7.to say goodbye to
8.did; watch       9.cleaned; found      10.was; born; In
四、1.didn't do       2. Did; find any      3. Was; any
4. Did; read      5. Why don't you go     6.didn't spend
7.where did your; go      8. I don't think she is Lily's sister
9.doesn't; do.            10. What does; look like
五、1.is------was        2.go-------went      3.goes------went
4.can-------could      5.saw------see      6.wasn't -------didn't
7.在didn't后加do    8.wait--------waited     9.find------found  
10.make-------made
六、1----5 DBCBA     6------10 DBCDC