ORACLE 常用脚本—日常管理监控

rem  这需要 统计某个具体用户的"Table,index,column,constraits"
rem================================================================
rem   全部表-列定义 table_cols.txt
set lin 110 pages 3000
column table_name format a30
column data_type  format a12
column data_default  format a8
column column_name format a22
column Cid format  999
column Len format  9999
column Prec format  99
column Scale format  99

select  TABLE_NAME, COLUMN_ID "Cid", COLUMN_NAME, DATA_TYPE, DATA_LENGTH "Len",
nvl(DATA_PRECISION,'-1') "Prec", nvl(DATA_SCALE,'-1') "Scale",
NULLABLE,  DATA_DEFAULT
from   USER_TAB_COLUMNS ;

rem ======== TAB =============
select * from tab;
spool off

spool user_indexes.txt
rem================================================================
rem   全部索引定义user_index.txt
column table_name format a22
column index_name format a28
column index_type format a7
column column_name format a18
column # format  99
column Init format  999999;
select  a.table_name, t.cache "C",a.index_name,
column_position "#",column_name,
UNIQUENESS,a.INITIAL_EXTENT/1024 "Init"
from user_indexes a, user_ind_columns c,user_tables t
where  c.INDEX_NAME =a.INDEX_NAME 
and a.table_name= t.table_name
order by  a.table_name,a.index_name,column_position;
spool off

spool user_Obj_Table_Index.txt
rem================================================================
rem  用户对象，表和索引userObj_Table_Index.txt
set lin 111 pages 333
column table_name format a24
column index_name format a32
column tablespace_name a12
column Init format  999999;
rem 由于用户要关心的是我自己的详细数据的存放位置，下面分别得出index,tables
select tablespace_name,table_name,cache,initial_extent/1024 "Init"
    from user_tables  order by tablespace_name,table_name;
select tablespace_name,table_name,index_name,initial_extent/1024 "Init"
   from user_indexes  order by tablespace_name,table_name,index_name;
spool off

spool user_constraints.txt
rem================================================================
rem   全部表-列约束_user_constraints.txt
column CONSTRAINT_NAME format a30
column TABLE_NAME format a30
column r_CONSTRAINT_NAME format a20

select CONSTRAINT_NAME,
CONSTRAINT_TYPE,  TABLE_NAME, R_CONSTRAINT_NAME, DELETE_RULE 
from user_constraints
order by  CONSTRAINT_TYPE,TABLE_NAME;
spool off

spool c:\user_index1rebld.sql
rem================================================================
rem   重建全部索引
rem select 'alter index '||index_name||' rebuild;' from user_indexes
rem    where table_name = 'GWNEWS';
select 'alter index '||INDEX_NAME||' rebuild tablespace indexes;' from user_indexes;
spool off
rem @index1rebld.sql

spool c:\user_sources.sql
rem================================================================
rem   全部代码，主要是procedure
column name format a22 ;
column text format a77;
break on name;
select text,name from user_source;
spool off

rem       =============== End of File ==================
*************查看当前用户使用的操作****************************

SELECT a.machine,a.terminal,a.osuser, a.username, b.sql_text
from v$session a, v$sqlarea b
where a.sql_address =b.address order by b.address

***************************************************

1. 监控事例的等待

select event,sum(decode(wait_Time,0,0,1)) "Prev",
sum(decode(wait_Time,0,1,0)) "Curr",count(*) "Tot"
from v$session_Wait
group by event order by 4;

2. 回滚段的争用情况

select name, waits, gets, waits/gets "Ratio"
from v$rollstat a, v$rollname b
where a.usn = b.usn;

3. 监控表空间的 I/O 比例

select df.tablespace_name name,df.file_name "file",f.phyrds pyr,
f.phyblkrd pbr,f.phywrts pyw, f.phyblkwrt pbw
from v$filestat f, dba_data_files df
where f.file# = df.file_id
order by df.tablespace_name;

4. 监控文件系统的 I/O 比例

select substr(a.file#,1,2) "#", substr(a.name,1,30) "Name",
a.status, a.bytes, b.phyrds, b.phywrts
from v$datafile a, v$filestat b
where a.file# = b.file#;

5.在某个用户下找所有的索引

select user_indexes.table_name, user_indexes.index_name,uniqueness, column_name
from user_ind_columns, user_indexes
where user_ind_columns.index_name = user_indexes.index_name
and user_ind_columns.table_name = user_indexes.table_name
order by user_indexes.table_type, user_indexes.table_name,
user_indexes.index_name, column_position;

6. 监控 SGA 的命中率

select a.value + b.value "logical_reads", c.value "phys_reads",
round(100 * ((a.value+b.value)-c.value) / (a.value+b.value)) "BUFFER HIT RATIO"
from v$sysstat a, v$sysstat b, v$sysstat c
where a.statistic# = 38 and b.statistic# = 39
and c.statistic# = 40;

7. 监控 SGA 中字典缓冲区的命中率

select parameter, gets,Getmisses , getmisses/(gets+getmisses)*100 "miss ratio",
(1-(sum(getmisses)/ (sum(gets)+sum(getmisses))))*100 "Hit ratio"
from v$rowcache
where gets+getmisses <>0
group by parameter, gets, getmisses;

8. 监控 SGA 中共享缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%

select sum(pins) "Total Pins", sum(reloads) "Total Reloads",
sum(reloads)/sum(pins) *100 libcache
from v$librarycache;

select sum(pinhits-reloads)/sum(pins) "hit radio",sum(reloads)/sum(pins) "reload percent"
from v$librarycache;

9.显示所有数据库对象的类别和大小

select count(name) num_instances ,type ,sum(source_size) source_size ,
sum(parsed_size) parsed_size ,sum(code_size) code_size ,sum(error_size) error_size,
sum(source_size) +sum(parsed_size) +sum(code_size) +sum(error_size) size_required
from dba_object_size
group by type order by 2;

10.监控 SGA 中重做日志缓存区的命中率，应该小于1%

SELECT name, gets, misses, immediate_gets, immediate_misses,
Decode(gets,0,0,misses/gets*100) ratio1,
Decode(immediate_gets+immediate_misses,0,0,
immediate_misses/(immediate_gets+immediate_misses)*100) ratio2
FROM v$latch WHERE name IN ('redo allocation', 'redo copy');

11.监控内存和硬盘的排序比率，最好使它小于 .10，增加 sort_area_size

SELECT name, value FROM v$sysstat WHERE name IN ('sorts (memory)', 'sorts (disk)');

12.监控当前数据库谁在运行什么SQL语句

SELECT osuser, username, sql_text from v$session a, v$sqltext b
where a.sql_address =b.address order by address, piece;

13.监控字典缓冲区

SELECT (SUM(PINS - RELOADS)) / SUM(PINS) "LIB CACHE" FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE;
SELECT (SUM(GETS - GETMISSES - USAGE - FIXED)) / SUM(GETS) "ROW CACHE" FROM V$ROWCACHE;
SELECT SUM(PINS) "EXECUTIONS", SUM(RELOADS) "CACHE MISSES WHILE EXECUTING" FROM V$LIBRARYCACHE;

后者除以前者,此比率小于1%,接近0%为好。

SELECT SUM(GETS) "DICTIONARY GETS",SUM(GETMISSES) "DICTIONARY CACHE GET MISSES"
FROM V$ROWCACHE

14.找ORACLE字符集

select * from sys.props$ where name='NLS_CHARACTERSET';

15. 监控 MTS

select busy/(busy+idle) "shared servers busy" from v$dispatcher;

此值大于0.5时，参数需加大

select sum(wait)/sum(totalq) "dispatcher waits" from v$queue where type='dispatcher';
select count(*) from v$dispatcher;
select servers_highwater from v$mts;

servers_highwater接近mts_max_servers时，参数需加大

16. 碎片程度

select tablespace_name,count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name
having count(tablespace_name)>10;

alter tablespace name coalesce;
alter table name deallocate unused;

create or replace view ts_blocks_v as
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,'free space' segment_name from dba_free_space
union all
select tablespace_name,block_id,bytes,blocks,segment_name from dba_extents;

select * from ts_blocks_v;

select tablespace_name,sum(bytes),max(bytes),count(block_id) from dba_free_space
group by tablespace_name;

查看碎片程度高的表

SELECT segment_name table_name , COUNT(*) extents
FROM dba_segments WHERE owner NOT IN ('SYS', 'SYSTEM') GROUP BY segment_name
HAVING COUNT(*) = (SELECT MAX( COUNT(*) ) FROM dba_segments GROUP BY segment_name);

17. 表、索引的存储情况检查

select segment_name,sum(bytes),count(*) ext_quan from dba_extents where
tablespace_name='&tablespace_name' and segment_type='TABLE' group by tablespace_name,segment_name;

select segment_name,count(*) from dba_extents where segment_type='INDEX' and owner='&owner'
group by segment_name;

18、找使用CPU多的用户session

12是cpu used by this session

select a.sid,spid,status,substr(a.program,1,40) prog,a.terminal,osuser,value/60/100 value
from v$session a,v$process b,v$sesstat c
where c.statistic#=12 and c.sid=a.sid and a.paddr=b.addr order by value desc;

19、查看Lock
SELECT sn.username, m.sid, m.type,
DECODE(m.lmode, 0, 'None',
1, 'Null',
2, 'Row Share',
3, 'Row Excl.',
4, 'Share',
5, 'S/Row Excl.',
6, 'Exclusive',
lmode, ltrim(to_char(lmode,'990'))) lmode,
DECODE(m.request,0, 'None',
1, 'Null',
2, 'Row Share',
3, 'Row Excl.',
4, 'Share',
5, 'S/Row Excl.',
6, 'Exclusive',
request, ltrim(to_char(m.request,
'990'))) request,
m.id1, m.id2
FROM v$session sn, v$lock m
WHERE (sn.sid = m.sid AND m.request != 0)
OR (sn.sid = m.sid
AND m.request = 0 AND lmode != 4
AND (id1, id2) IN (SELECT s.id1, s.id2
FROM v$lock s
WHERE request != 0
AND s.id1 = m.id1
AND s.id2 = m.id2)
)
ORDER BY id1, id2, m.request;


select l.sid,s.serial#,s.username,s.terminal,
decode(l.type,'RW','RW - Row Wait Enqueue',
'TM','TM - DML Enqueue',
'TX','TX - Trans Enqueue',
'UL','UL - User',l.type||'System') res,
substr(t.name,1,10) tab,u.name owner,
l.id1,l.id2,
decode(l.lmode,1,'No Lock',
2,'Row Share',
3,'Row Exclusive',
4,'Share',
5,'Shr Row Excl',
6,'Exclusive',null) lmode,
decode(l.request,1,'No Lock',
2,'Row Share',
3,'Row Excl',
4,'Share',
5,'Shr Row Excl',
6,'Exclusive',null) request
from v$lock l, v$session s,
sys.user$ u,sys.obj$ t
where l.sid = s.sid
and s.type != 'BACKGROUND'
and t.obj# = l.id1
and u.user# = t.owner#
--第二条语句比较有效。

20、显示表空间的使用情况：

col tsname format a16 justify c heading 'Tablespace'
col nfrags format 999,990 justify c heading 'Free|Frags'
col mxfrag format 999,999,990 justify c heading 'Largest|Frag (KB)'
col totsiz format 999,999,990 justify c heading 'Total|(KB)'
col avasiz format 999,999,990 justify c heading 'Available|(KB)'
col pctusd format 990 justify c heading 'Pct|Used'
select
total.tablespace_name tsname,
count(free.bytes) nfrags,
nvl(max(free.bytes)/1024,0) mxfrag,
total.bytes/1024 totsiz,
nvl(sum(free.bytes)/1024,0) avasiz,
(1-nvl(sum(free.bytes),0)/total.bytes)*100 pctusd
from
dba_data_files total,
dba_free_space free
where
total.tablespace_name = free.tablespace_name(+)
group by
total.tablespace_name,
total.bytes;