Linux rsync 命令

rsync是Unix下的一款应用软件，它能同步更新两处计算机的檔案與目錄，並適當利用差分編碼以減少数据傳輸。rsync中一項與其他大部分類似程式或協定中所未見的重要特性是镜像對每個目標只需要一次傳送。rsync可拷貝／顯示目錄內容，以及拷貝檔案，並可選擇性的壓縮以及遞歸拷貝。

rsync -av--progress  root@ipaddress:/logs/ /logs/

命令行参数：

-v, --verbose详细模式输出
-q, --quiet 精简模式输出
-c, --checksum 打开校验开关，强制对文件传输进行校验
-a, --archive 归档模式，表示以递归方式传输文件，并保持所有文件属性。
-r, --recursive 对子目录一递归模式处理
-R,--relative 使用相对路径信息
-b, --backup创建备份，也就是对于目的已经存在有同样的文件名时，将老的文件重新命名为~filename。
--backup-dir 将北非文件存在在目录下
-suffix=SUFFIX定义备份文件前缀
-u,--update仅仅进行更新，也就是跳过所有已经存在于DST，并且文件时间晚于要备份的文件。
-l, --links 保留软链接
-L，--copy-links 像对待常规文件一样处理软链接
-H,--hard-links
-p, --perms保持文件权限
-o, --owner保持文件拥有者信息系
-g, --group保持文件所属组信息
-t, --times保持文件的时间信息
--existing 仅仅更新那些已经存在于DST的文件，而不备份那些新创建的文件
--delete 删除那些DST中SRC没有的文件
--force 强制删除目录，即使不为空
--timeout 超时时间
--progress显示备份过程
-z, --compress对备份的文件在传输时进行压缩处理

#rsync -h

rsync version 3.0.9 protocol version 30

Copyright (C) 1996-2011 by Andrew Tridgell, Wayne Davison, and others.

Web site: http://rsync.samba.org/

Capabilities:

    64-bit files, 64-bit inums, 64-bit timestamps, 64-bit long ints,

    socketpairs, hardlinks, symlinks, IPv6, batchfiles, inplace,

    append, ACLs, xattrs, iconv, symtimes



rsync comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY. This is free software, and you

are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions. See the GNU

General Public Licence for details.



rsync is a file transfer program capable of efficient remote update

via a fast differencing algorithm.



Usage: rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]… DEST

  or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST:DEST

  or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... [USER@]HOST::DEST

  or rsync [OPTION]... SRC [SRC]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/DEST

  or rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST:SRC [DEST]

  or rsync [OPTION]... [USER@]HOST::SRC [DEST]

  or rsync [OPTION]... rsync://[USER@]HOST[:PORT]/SRC [DEST]

The ':' usages connect via remote shell, while '::' & 'rsync://' usages connect

to an rsync daemon, and require SRC or DEST to start with a module name.



Options

 -v, --verbose increase verbosity

 -q, --quiet suppress non-error messages

     --no-motd suppress daemon-mode MOTD (see manage caveat)

 -c, --checksum skip based on checksum, not mod-time & size

 -a, --archive archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (no -H,-A,-X)

     --no-OPTION turn off an implied OPTION (e.g. --no-D)

 -r, --recursive recurse into directories

 -R, --relative use relative path names

     --no-implied-dirs don't send implied dirs with --relative

 -b, --backup make backups (see --suffix & --backup-dir)

     --backup-dir=DIR make backups into hierarchy based in DIR

     --suffix=SUFFIX set backup suffix (default ~ w/o --backup-dir)

 -u, --update skip files that are newer on the receiver

     --inplace update destination files in-place (SEE MAN PAGE)

     --append append data onto shorter files

     --append-verify like --append, but with old data in file checksum

 -d, --dirs transfer directories without recursing

 -l, --links copy symlinks as symlinks

 -L, --copy-links transform symlink into referent file/dir

     --copy-unsafe-links only "unsafe" symlinks are transformed

     --safe-links ignore symlinks that point outside the source tree

 -k, --copy-dirlinks transform symlink to a dir into referent dir

 -K, --keep-dirlinks treat symlinked dir on receiver as dir

 -H, --hard-links preserve hard links

 -p, --perms preserve permissions

 -E, --executability preserve the file's executability

     --chmod=CHMOD affect file and/or directory permissions

 -A, --acls preserve ACLs (implies --perms)

 -X, --xattrs preserve extended attributes

 -o, --owner preserve owner (super-user only)

 -g, --group preserve group

     --devices preserve device files (super-user only)

     --specials preserve special files

 -D same as --devices --specials

 -t, --times preserve modification times

 -O, --omit-dir-times omit directories from --times

     --super receiver attempts super-user activities

     --fake-super store/recover privileged attrs using xattrs

 -S, --sparse handle sparse files efficiently

 -n, --dry-run perform a trial run with no changes made

 -W, --whole-file copy files whole (without delta-xfer algorithm)

 -x, --one-file-system don't cross filesystem boundaries

 -B, --block-size=SIZE force a fixed checksum block-size

 -e, --rsh=COMMAND specify the remote shell to use

     --rsync-path=PROGRAM specify the rsync to run on the remote machine

     --existing skip creating new files on receiver

     --ignore-existing skip updating files that already exist on receiver

     --remove-source-files sender removes synchronized files (non-dirs)

     --del an alias for --delete-during

     --delete delete extraneous files from destination dirs

     --delete-before receiver deletes before transfer, not during

     --delete-during receiver deletes during the transfer

     --delete-delay find deletions during, delete after

     --delete-after receiver deletes after transfer, not during

     --delete-excluded also delete excluded files from destination dirs

     --ignore-errors delete even if there are I/O errors

     --force force deletion of directories even if not empty

     --max-delete=NUM don't delete more than NUM files

     --max-size=SIZE don't transfer any file larger than SIZE

     --min-size=SIZE don't transfer any file smaller than SIZE

     --partial keep partially transferred files

     --partial-dir=DIR put a partially transferred file into DIR

     --delay-updates put all updated files into place at transfer's end

 -m, --prune-empty-dirs prune empty directory chains from the file-list

     --numeric-ids don't map uid/gid values by user/group name

     --timeout=SECONDS set I/O timeout in seconds

     --contimeout=SECONDS set daemon connection timeout in seconds

 -I, --ignore-times don't skip files that match in size and mod-time

     --size-only skip files that match in size

     --modify-window=NUM compare mod-times with reduced accuracy

 -T, --temp-dir=DIR create temporary files in directory DIR

 -y, --fuzzy find similar file for basis if no dest file

     --compare-dest=DIR also compare destination files relative to DIR

     --copy-dest=DIR ... and include copies of unchanged files

     --link-dest=DIR hardlink to files in DIR when unchanged

 -z, --compress compress file data during the transfer

     --compress-level=NUM explicitly set compression level

     --skip-compress=LIST skip compressing files with a suffix in LIST

 -C, --cvs-exclude auto-ignore files the same way CVS does

 -f, --filter=RULE add a file-filtering RULE

 -F same as --filter='dir-merge /.rsync-filter'

                             repeated: --filter='- .rsync-filter'

     --exclude=PATTERN exclude files matching PATTERN

     --exclude-from=FILE read exclude patterns from FILE

     --include=PATTERN don't exclude files matching PATTERN

     --include-from=FILE read include patterns from FILE

     --files-from=FILE read list of source-file names from FILE

 -0, --from0 all *-from/filter files are delimited by 0s

 -s, --protect-args no space-splitting; only wildcard special-chars

     --address=ADDRESS bind address for outgoing socket to daemon

     --port=PORT specify double-colon alternate port number

     --sockopts=OPTIONS specify custom TCP options

     --blocking-io use blocking I/O for the remote shell

     --stats give some file-transfer stats

 -8, --8-bit-output leave high-bit chars unescaped in output

 -h, --human-readable output numbers in a human-readable format

     --progress show progress during transfer

 -P same as --partial --progress

 -i, --itemize-changes output a change-summary for all updates

     --out-format=FORMAT output updates using the specified FORMAT

     --log-file=FILE log what we're doing to the specified FILE

     --log-file-format=FMT log updates using the specified FMT

     --password-file=FILE read daemon-access password from FILE

     --list-only list the files instead of copying them

     --bwlimit=KBPS limit I/O bandwidth; KBytes per second

     --write-batch=FILE write a batched update to FILE

     --only-write-batch=FILE like --write-batch but w/o updating destination

     --read-batch=FILE read a batched update from FILE

     --protocol=NUM force an older protocol version to be used

     --iconv=CONVERT_SPEC request charset conversion of filenames

 -4, --ipv4 prefer IPv4

 -6, --ipv6 prefer IPv6

     --version print version number

(-h) --help show this help (-h is --help only if used alone)



Use "rsync --daemon --help" to see the daemon-mode command-line options.

Please see the rsync(1) and rsyncd.conf(5) man pages for full documentation.

See http://rsync.samba.org/ for updates, bug reports, and answers

参考资料：

http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh-cn/Rsync
http://os.51cto.com/art/201006/203217.htm