english

注：原文地址不祥

 

【语法难点解析之besides,but,except,exept for,excepting,apart from的区别】

（１） besides与except
        前者表示＂除．．．以外，还有．．．＂；后者表示＂从整体中除去．．．＂
        这个大家都知道，就不举例子了．

（２）except与except for
        a．除去的和非除去的是同类事物，用except
            eg：
                All the essays are well written except Nelson's.
                Nelson的文章（除去的）和All the essays（非除去的）是同类事物，所以用except．
        b．除去的和非除去的不是同类事物，用except for，并且从语气上通常表示遗憾．
                eg：His essay is well written except for a few spelling mistakes.
                a few spelling mistakes(除去的）和His essay（非除去的）是不同类的事物．

（３）apart from 具有多重意义：既可表示besides，也可以表示exept或exept for，       还可以表示without的意思
        eg：
        Apart from the cost,it will take a lot of time.(=besides)
        The orphan had no one to take care of him apart from his uncle.(=except)
        He has done good work,apart from a few slight faults.(=except for)
        There can be no knowledge apart from practice.实践出真知．（＝without）

（４）excepting =except,但一般用于句首或用于not，without，always等词之后
        eg:
        Excepting his brother,they are all right.
        Everyone,not excepting myself,must share the blame.
        All of us,without excepting those who know more about the subject,should study.
        All my brothers com here every day,always excepting the youngest.

（５）but与except同义，但but多用在every，any，no等和由这些词构成的复合词如    everything，anywhere，nobody等词以后及all，none之后
        eg：
        The children go to school everyday but Sunday.
        They are all gone but me.
        You can get the book anywhere but here.
        There is no one but me.
        Who but George would do such a thing?

 

【语法难点之too...to 结构表示肯定含义的情况】（连载中）
【too...to 结构表示肯定含义的情况】
    我们知道too...to结构一般表示否定含义,意为"太...以致于不能"
    eg:He is too old to work.

    但too...to在下列情况下却表示肯定含义:
    ⑴当too前或to前有否定词构成双重否定时.
        eg:English is not too difficult to learn.
        英语并不太难学.
        He is too wise not to see that.
        他很聪明,不会不懂这一点.

    ⑵ 当too后是glad,pleased,happy,delighted,satisfied,ready,willing,kind,apt, good,true,easy,near,careful,well,early,delicious,eager,anxious等形容词或副词时.
        eg:They are too anxious to leave.
        他们急于离开.
        He is too ready to help others.
        他总是乐于助人.
        与这些词连用时,too前还常加上only,all,but,just,simply等副词,意思不变,因为这些词加上too后与very同义.
        eg:I'm only too glad to see you .
        见到你非常高兴.
        They are but too pleased to hear the news.
        他们听到这个消息,非常高兴.

    ⑶与cannot连用时.
        eg:You cannot be too careful(=You can never be careful enough) to do your         homework.
        你做作业越仔细越好(=无论怎样仔细也不过分).

    ⑷当不定式在句中作定语或真正的主语时.
        eg:There are too many problems to be solved.
        有很多问题有待解决.
        It is too much to say that he is a fool.