在Android中调用WebService .

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某些情况下我们可能需要与Mysql或者Oracle数据库进行数据交互，有些朋友的第一反应就是直接在Android中加载驱动然后进行数据的增删改查。我个人不推荐这种做法，一是手机毕竟不是电脑，操作大量数据费时费电；二是流量贵如金那。我个人比较推荐的做法是使用Java或PHP等开发接口或者编写WebService进行数据库的增删该查，然后Android调用接口或者WebService进行数据的交互。本文就给大家讲解在Android中如何调用远程服务器端提供的WebService。
既然是调用WebService，我们首先的搭建WebService服务器。为了便于操作，我们就使用网上免费的WebService进行学习。
地址：http://www.webxml.com.cn/zh_cn/index.aspx
下面演示的就是如何通过该网站提供的手机号码归属地查询WebService服务查询号码归属地
调用地址http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx?op=getMobileCodeInfo。
首先，将请求消息保存在XML文件中，然后使用$替换请求参数,如下：
mobilesoap.xml

[html] view plain copy print ?

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
<soap12:Body>
<getMobileCodeInfo xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
<mobileCode>$mobile</mobileCode>
<userID></userID>
</getMobileCodeInfo>
</soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<soap12:Envelope xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:soap12="http://www.w3.org/2003/05/soap-envelope">
  <soap12:Body>
    <getMobileCodeInfo xmlns="http://WebXml.com.cn/">
      <mobileCode>$mobile</mobileCode>
      <userID></userID>
    </getMobileCodeInfo>
  </soap12:Body>
</soap12:Envelope>

其次，设计MainActivity布局文件，
main.xml

[html] view plain copy print ?

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent">
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="手机号码" />
<EditText
android:id="@+id/mobileNum"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text=""
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/btnSearch"
android:layout_width="wrap_content"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="查询"
/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/mobileAddress"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
/>
</LinearLayout>

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout
	xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
	android:orientation="vertical"
	android:layout_width="fill_parent"
	android:layout_height="fill_parent">
	<TextView
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:text="手机号码" />
	<EditText
		android:id="@+id/mobileNum" 
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:text=""
		/>
	<Button
		android:id="@+id/btnSearch"
		android:layout_width="wrap_content"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		android:text="查询"
		/>
	<TextView
		android:id="@+id/mobileAddress"
		android:layout_width="fill_parent"
		android:layout_height="wrap_content"
		/>
</LinearLayout>

下面贴出MainActivity，
在Android中调用WebService还是比较简单的：请求webservice，获取服务响应的数据，解析后并显示。

[java] view plain copy print ?

package com.szy.webservice;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.Xml;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;
/**
* @author coolszy
* @date 2012-3-8
* @blog http://blog.92coding.com
*/
public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
private EditText mobileNum;
private TextView mobileAddress;
private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
{
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
mobileNum = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.mobileNum);
mobileAddress = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.mobileAddress);
Button btnSearch = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btnSearch);
btnSearch.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
{
@Override
public void onClick(View v)
{
// 获取电话号码
String mobile = mobileNum.getText().toString();
// 读取xml文件
InputStream inStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("mobilesoap.xml");
try
{
// 显示电话号码地理位置，该段代码不合理，仅供参考
mobileAddress.setText(getMobileAddress(inStream, mobile));
} catch (Exception e)
{
Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "查询失败", 1).show();
}
}
});
}
/**
* 获取电话号码地理位置
*
* @param inStream
* @param mobile
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private String getMobileAddress(InputStream inStream, String mobile) throws Exception
{
// 替换xml文件中的电话号码
String soap = readSoapFile(inStream, mobile);
byte[] data = soap.getBytes();
// 提交Post请求
URL url = new URL("http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx");
HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
conn.setDoOutput(true);
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8");
conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));
OutputStream outStream = conn.getOutputStream();
outStream.write(data);
outStream.flush();
outStream.close();
if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200)
{
// 解析返回信息
return parseResponseXML(conn.getInputStream());
}
return "Error";
}
private String readSoapFile(InputStream inStream, String mobile) throws Exception
{
// 从流中获取文件信息
byte[] data = readInputStream(inStream);
String soapxml = new String(data);
// 占位符参数
Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
params.put("mobile", mobile);
// 替换文件中占位符
return replace(soapxml, params);
}
/**
* 读取流信息
*
* @param inputStream
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private byte[] readInputStream(InputStream inputStream) throws Exception
{
byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
int len = -1;
ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1)
{
outSteam.write(buffer, 0, len);
}
outSteam.close();
inputStream.close();
return outSteam.toByteArray();
}
/**
* 替换文件中占位符
*
* @param xml
* @param params
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private String replace(String xml, Map<String, String> params) throws Exception
{
String result = xml;
if (params != null && !params.isEmpty())
{
for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet())
{
String name = "\\$" + entry.getKey();
Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(name);
Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(result);
if (matcher.find())
{
result = matcher.replaceAll(entry.getValue());
}
}
}
return result;
}
/**
* 解析XML文件
* @param inStream
* @return
* @throws Exception
*/
private static String parseResponseXML(InputStream inStream) throws Exception
{
XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();
parser.setInput(inStream, "UTF-8");
int eventType = parser.getEventType();// 产生第一个事件
while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT)
{
// 只要不是文档结束事件
switch (eventType)
{
case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
String name = parser.getName();// 获取解析器当前指向的元素的名称
if ("getMobileCodeInfoResult".equals(name))
{
return parser.nextText();
}
break;
}
eventType = parser.next();
}
return null;
}
}

package com.szy.webservice;


import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;


import org.xmlpull.v1.XmlPullParser;


import android.app.Activity;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.util.Log;
import android.util.Xml;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.EditText;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;


/**
 * @author coolszy
 * @date 2012-3-8
 * @blog http://blog.92coding.com
 */
public class MainActivity extends Activity
{
	private EditText mobileNum;
	private TextView mobileAddress;
	private static final String TAG = "MainActivity";


	@Override
	public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState)
	{
		super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
		setContentView(R.layout.main);


		mobileNum = (EditText) this.findViewById(R.id.mobileNum);
		mobileAddress = (TextView) this.findViewById(R.id.mobileAddress);
		Button btnSearch = (Button) this.findViewById(R.id.btnSearch);
		btnSearch.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener()
		{
			@Override
			public void onClick(View v)
			{
				// 获取电话号码
				String mobile = mobileNum.getText().toString();
				// 读取xml文件
				InputStream inStream = this.getClass().getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("mobilesoap.xml");
				try
				{
					// 显示电话号码地理位置，该段代码不合理，仅供参考
					mobileAddress.setText(getMobileAddress(inStream, mobile));
				} catch (Exception e)
				{
					Log.e(TAG, e.toString());
					Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, "查询失败", 1).show();
				}
			}
		});
	}


	/**
	 * 获取电话号码地理位置
	 * 
	 * @param inStream
	 * @param mobile
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private String getMobileAddress(InputStream inStream, String mobile) throws Exception
	{
		// 替换xml文件中的电话号码
		String soap = readSoapFile(inStream, mobile);
		byte[] data = soap.getBytes();
		// 提交Post请求
		URL url = new URL("http://webservice.webxml.com.cn/WebServices/MobileCodeWS.asmx");
		HttpURLConnection conn = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
		conn.setRequestMethod("POST");
		conn.setConnectTimeout(5 * 1000);
		conn.setDoOutput(true);
		conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Type", "application/soap+xml; charset=utf-8");
		conn.setRequestProperty("Content-Length", String.valueOf(data.length));
		OutputStream outStream = conn.getOutputStream();
		outStream.write(data);
		outStream.flush();
		outStream.close();
		if (conn.getResponseCode() == 200)
		{
			// 解析返回信息
			return parseResponseXML(conn.getInputStream());
		}
		return "Error";
	}


	private String readSoapFile(InputStream inStream, String mobile) throws Exception
	{
		// 从流中获取文件信息
		byte[] data = readInputStream(inStream);
		String soapxml = new String(data);
		// 占位符参数
		Map<String, String> params = new HashMap<String, String>();
		params.put("mobile", mobile);
		// 替换文件中占位符
		return replace(soapxml, params);
	}


	/**
	 * 读取流信息
	 * 
	 * @param inputStream
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private byte[] readInputStream(InputStream inputStream) throws Exception
	{
		byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
		int len = -1;
		ByteArrayOutputStream outSteam = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
		while ((len = inputStream.read(buffer)) != -1)
		{
			outSteam.write(buffer, 0, len);
		}
		outSteam.close();
		inputStream.close();
		return outSteam.toByteArray();
	}


	/**
	 * 替换文件中占位符
	 * 
	 * @param xml
	 * @param params
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private String replace(String xml, Map<String, String> params) throws Exception
	{
		String result = xml;
		if (params != null && !params.isEmpty())
		{
			for (Map.Entry<String, String> entry : params.entrySet())
			{
				String name = "\\$" + entry.getKey();
				Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(name);
				Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(result);
				if (matcher.find())
				{
					result = matcher.replaceAll(entry.getValue());
				}
			}
		}
		return result;
	}


	/**
	 * 解析XML文件
	 * @param inStream
	 * @return
	 * @throws Exception
	 */
	private static String parseResponseXML(InputStream inStream) throws Exception
	{
		XmlPullParser parser = Xml.newPullParser();
		parser.setInput(inStream, "UTF-8");
		int eventType = parser.getEventType();// 产生第一个事件
		while (eventType != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT)
		{
			// 只要不是文档结束事件
			switch (eventType)
			{
			case XmlPullParser.START_TAG:
				String name = parser.getName();// 获取解析器当前指向的元素的名称
				if ("getMobileCodeInfoResult".equals(name))
				{
					return parser.nextText();
				}
				break;
			}
			eventType = parser.next();
		}
		return null;
	}
}

最后注意，由于需要访问网络，需要加上权限

[html] view plain copy print ?

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.INTERNET"/>

通过上面简单的例子，相信大家已经学习了如何在Android中调用WebService，最后运行效果：

实例代码：http://115.com/file/anjh65a6

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Android应用自动更新功能的代码实现 | 腾讯微博Android客户端开发——OAuth认证 ...

2012-12-31 10:42
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