Spring 事物异常[Transaction rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only]

spring通过TransactionInterceptor和AbstractPlatformTransactionManager的实现类控制数据库事务。

创建数据库
Animal表

create table Animal(
name nvarchar(20)
)

Person表

create table Person(
name nvarchar(20)
)

一、配置文件
1.applicationContext.xml

	<import resource="applicationContext-common.xml"/>
	
	<import resource="applicationContext-service.xml"/>

2.applicationContext-service.xml

	<bean id="baseService" abstract="true">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
	</bean>
	
	<bean id="animalService" class="service.impl.AnimalServiceImpl" parent="baseService"/>
	
	<bean id="personService" class="service.impl.PersonServiceImpl" parent="baseService"/>
	
	<bean id="allService" class="service.impl.AllServiceImpl" parent="baseService">
		<property name="animalService" ref="animalService"/>
		<property name="personService" ref="personService"/>
	</bean>

3.applicationContext-common.xml

	 <!-- 配置属性配置文件  -->
	<bean id="propertyConfigurer" class="org.springframework.beans.factory.config.PropertyPlaceholderConfigurer">
		<property name="locations">
			<list>
				<value>classpath:jdbc.properties</value>
			</list>
		</property>
	</bean>
	
	<!-- 配置数据源 -->  
    <bean id="dataSource" class="org.apache.commons.dbcp.BasicDataSource" destroy-method="close">  
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.database.driverClassName}"/>  
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.database.url}"/>  
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.database.username}"/>  
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.database.password}"/>  
    </bean>  
			

	<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
	<bean id="transactionManager"
		class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
		<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
	</bean>

	<!-- 具体事务配置 -->
	<aop:config>
		<aop:pointcut expression="execution(* service.*.*(..))"
			id="allManagerMethods" />
		<aop:advisor advice-ref="txAdvice" pointcut-ref="allManagerMethods" />
	</aop:config>

	<!-- 事务传播特性的配置 -->
	<tx:advice id="txAdvice" transaction-manager="transactionManager">
		<tx:attributes>
			<tx:method name="*" propagation="REQUIRED" />
		</tx:attributes>
	</tx:advice>

4.jdbc.properties

jdbc.database.driverClassName=oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver
jdbc.database.url=jdbc:oracle:thin:@127.0.0.1:1521:oracle
jdbc.database.username=scott
jdbc.database.password=tiger

二、service类
service.AllService

public interface AllService {
		public void addAll(String personName,String animalName) throws Exception;
}

service.impl.AllServiceImpl

public class AllServiceImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements AllService {

	private PersonService personService;
	private AnimalService animalService;
	
	@Override
	public void addAll(String personName, String animalName) throws Exception {
		
		try{
			personService.addPerson(personName);
		}catch (Exception e) {
			System.out.println(e.toString());
		}	
		
		animalService.addAnimal(animalName);
	}

	public void setPersonService(PersonService personService) {
		this.personService = personService;
	}

	public void setAnimalService(AnimalService animalService) {
		this.animalService = animalService;
	}
}

service.AnimalService

public interface AnimalService {
	public void addAnimal(String animalName) throws Exception;
}

service.impl.AnimalServiceImpl

public class AnimalServiceImpl  extends JdbcDaoSupport implements AnimalService{

	@Override
	public void addAnimal(String animalName) throws Exception {
		this.getJdbcTemplate().update("insert into ANIMAL values(?)",new Object[]{animalName});
	}

}

service.PersonService

public interface PersonService {
	public void addPerson(String personName)throws Exception;
}

service.impl.PersonServiceImpl

public class PersonServiceImpl extends JdbcDaoSupport implements PersonService {

	@Override
	public void addPerson(String personName) throws Exception {
		this.getJdbcTemplate().update("insert into PERSON values(?)",new Object[]{personName});
	}

}

三、测试代码

public class SpringTest {
	private static ApplicationContext applicationContext = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(
			"applicationContext.xml");

	public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception{
		AllService allService=(AllService) applicationContext.getBean("allService");
		String personName="will";
		String animalName="小狗";
		allService.addAll(personName,animalName);
	}
}

执行以上代码，在数据库中可以成功插入数据。
可是如果把personName赋值为一个很长的字符串(超过20位，超过数据库指定长度)，就会抛出如下错误

org.springframework.jdbc.UncategorizedSQLException: PreparedStatementCallback; uncategorized SQLException for SQL [insert into PERSON values(?)]; SQL state [72000]; error code [12899]; ORA-12899: 列 "SCOTT"."PERSON"."NAME" 的值太大 (实际值: 32, 最大值: 20)
; nested exception is java.sql.SQLException: ORA-12899: 列 "SCOTT"."PERSON"."NAME" 的值太大 (实际值: 32, 最大值: 20)

Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.transaction.UnexpectedRollbackException: Transaction rolled back because it has been marked as rollback-only
	at org.springframework.transaction.support.AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.commit(AbstractPlatformTransactionManager.java:695)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionAspectSupport.commitTransactionAfterReturning(TransactionAspectSupport.java:321)
	at org.springframework.transaction.interceptor.TransactionInterceptor.invoke(TransactionInterceptor.java:116)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:171)
	at org.springframework.aop.interceptor.ExposeInvocationInterceptor.invoke(ExposeInvocationInterceptor.java:89)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.ReflectiveMethodInvocation.proceed(ReflectiveMethodInvocation.java:171)
	at org.springframework.aop.framework.JdkDynamicAopProxy.invoke(JdkDynamicAopProxy.java:204)
	at $Proxy2.addAll(Unknown Source)
	at test.SpringTest.main(SpringTest.java:16)

已经在AllServiceImpl中的addAll中捕获了personService.addPerson这个抛出异常的方法调用。从控制台的打印中，可以发现错误的源是插入的Person表中的name字段太长。虽然在AllServiceImpl.addAll中已经捕获了异常，AllServiceImpl.addAll并未抛出异常，可是事务还是没有提交成功。

经过调试，发现spring处理普通的jdbc事物大致如此：每当调用事物管理的方法时(这里就是aop:pointcut expression匹配的方法),首先会调用TransactionInterceptor的invoke方法，在方法中spring会检测是否要开启事物(根据具体的配置文件而定)，然后具体在调用具体的那个真正要处理的方法。如果这个真正处理的方法抛出了异常(如果在这个真正执行的方法内部有异常，但是自我捕获了，那么对于spring而言，这个方法并没有抛出异常)，spring会根据配置判断这个异常是否要使得事物回滚,如果要回滚，那么就是设置一个标记，标记有关这一个connection的所有事物都要回滚。

所以，虽然AllServiceImpl.addAll中没有抛出异常，但是personService.addPerson这个调用抛出了异常，并且这个方法spring是要做事物处理的，一旦personService.addPerson抛出异常，TransactionInterceptor中invoke方法会捕获这个异常，然后标记有关这个connection的事务做回滚，就算在AllServiceImpl.addAll捕获了这个异常，但是animalService.addAnimal是无法插入数据的