asmcmd详解(原创)

在ASM实例中，所有的存储于ASM磁盘组中的文件对于操作系统命令而言是不可访问的，因此也无法使用常规的命令来操纵ASM磁盘中的文件。所幸的是，我们有ASMCMD工具来代替操作系统命令来完成这部分工作。ASMCMD工具提供了类似于操作系统的常用命令，如ls , du ,find,cd ,rm ,mkdir等等。借助这些工具可以更轻松的完成ASM实例的相关管理工作。
ASMCMD使用实例
启动前要设定ORACLE_SID环境变量
$ export ORACLE_SID=+ASM   
$ asmcmd

ASMCMD> help                 --在asmcmd命令提示符下，输入help [命令] ，则显示该命令帮助信息
        asmcmd [-p] [command]           --该方式可以直接完成相应的功能而不需要进入到ASMCMD提示符下
        The environment variables ORACLE_HOME and ORACLE_SID determine the
        instance to which the program connects, and ASMCMD establishes a
        bequeath connection to it, in the same manner as a SQLPLUS / AS
        SYSDBA.  The user must be a member of the SYSDBA group.
        Specifying the -p option allows the current directory to be displayed
        in the command prompt, like so:
        ASMCMD [+DATAFILE/ORCL/CONTROLFILE] >
        [command] specifies one of the following commands, along with its
        parameters.
        Type "help [command]" to get help on a specific ASMCMD command.
        commands:
        --------
        cd
        du
        find
        help
        ls
        lsct
        lsdg
        mkalias
        mkdir
        pwd
        rm
        rmalias
ASMCMD> help lsct     --查看命令的具体用法，本例为lsct
        lsct [-H] [group]
        List all clients and their attributes from V$ASM_CLIENT.  If group is
        specified, then return only information on that group.
        The -H flag suppresses the column headers from the output.

$ asmcmd -p ls -l        --无需进入到ASMCMD命令提示符下完成相应的功能
    State    Type    Rebal  Unbal  Name
    MOUNTED  NORMAL  N      N      DG1/
    MOUNTED  NORMAL  N      N      DG2/
    MOUNTED  EXTERN  N      N      REV/

ASMCMD> ls -l                          --查看磁盘组的基本信息
    State    Type    Rebal  Unbal  Name
    MOUNTED  NORMAL  N      N      DG1/
    MOUNTED  NORMAL  N      N      DG2/
    MOUNTED  EXTERN  N      N      REV/
ASMCMD> ls -s                          --查看磁盘组的详细信息，如磁盘大小，可用空间，扇区大小等
    Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Name
       512   4096  1048576      3058     1498                0             749              0  DG1/
       512   4096  1048576       200       98                0              49              0  DG2/
       512   4096  1048576      3074     2949                0            2949              0  REV/
ASMCMD> ls -ld     --查看目录信息

Type  Redund  Striped  Time             Sys  Name
                                        Y    czmmiao/
ASMCMD> du                             --查看当前目录磁盘已使用的容量
    Used_MB      Mirror_used_MB
       804                1541
    ASMCMD> pwd                            --显示当前路径
    +
ASMCMD> cd DG1            --cd 命令改变当前目录
ASMCMD> pwd
    +DG1
ASMCMD> find -t datafile +DG1/asmdb sys*     --find 用于查找对象,-t参数指定对象类型，对象类型必须是v$asm_file.type中的对象类型
    +DG1/asmdb/DATAFILE/SYSAUX.261.734885459
    +DG1/asmdb/DATAFILE/SYSTEM.259.734885389
ASMCMD> cd +DG1/asmdb/DATAFILE/
ASMCMD> mkalias EXAMPLE.264.800386585 aaa    --给对象创建别名
ASMCMD> ls
EXAMPLE.264.800386585
SYSAUX.257.800386397
SYSTEM.256.800386395
UNDOTBS1.258.800386397
UNDOTBS2.265.800386713
USERS.259.800386397
aaa
ASMCMD> ls -a            --查看别名信息，该信息来自v$asm_alias

+DATA/CZMMIAO/DATAFILE/aaa => EXAMPLE.264.800386585
none => SYSAUX.257.800386397
none => SYSTEM.256.800386395
none => UNDOTBS1.258.800386397
none => UNDOTBS2.265.800386713
none => USERS.259.800386397
aaa
ASMCMD> rmalias aaa        --删除对象别名

ASMCMD> ls -a
none => EXAMPLE.264.800386585
none => SYSAUX.257.800386397
none => SYSTEM.256.800386395
none => UNDOTBS1.258.800386397
none => UNDOTBS2.265.800386713
none => USERS.259.800386397
ASMCMD> lsdg             --查看磁盘组信息
State    Type    Rebal  Unbal  Sector  Block       AU  Total_MB  Free_MB  Req_mir_free_MB  Usable_file_MB  Offline_disks  Name
MOUNTED  EXTERN  N      N         512   4096  1048576      3815     2529                0            2529              0  DATA/
ASMCMD> lsct              --查看asm客户端信息
DB_Name   Status        Software_Version  Compatible_version  Instance_Name
czmmiao   CONNECTED           10.2.0.1.0          10.2.0.1.0  czmmiao1

ASMCMD> mkdir bbb ccc           -- 创建bbb和ccc目录

ASMCMD> ls
EXAMPLE.264.800386585
SYSAUX.257.800386397
SYSTEM.256.800386395
UNDOTBS1.258.800386397
UNDOTBS2.265.800386713
USERS.259.800386397
bbb/
ccc/
ASMCMD> rmdir bbb ccc           --删除bbb和ccc目录,rm命令有-r和-f两个参数，用法同linux的rm命令

11g R2新增命令

cp:不仅可以在ASM和OS之间复制文件，也可以在不同的ASM Instance和Diskgroup之间复制文件;

cp +dgtest/test/datafile/USERS.264.646186565 users.dbf
md_backup: 将disk group中的metadata备份到文件;
md_backup /tmp/backupfile -G DATAGP
md_restore: 将备份文件中的metadata恢复到disk group;
md_restore -full -G data --silent /tmp/file
lsattr: 列出disk group的属性;
lsattr -l -G DATAGP
setattr: 设置disk group的属性;
setattr -G DATAGP compataible.asm 11.2.0.0.0
lsof: 显示local clients的open files;
lsof -G DATAGP
chdg: 修改disk group, add或drop disk;
chdg DATAGP_config.xml
chkdg: check 或 repair disk group 的metadata;
chkdg --repair DATAGP
dropdg: drop disk group;
dropdg -r -f DATAGP
iostat: 查看I/O statics通过v$asm_disk_iostat;
iostat -G DATAGP
lsdsk: list ASM disks;
lsdsk -p -G DATAGP /dev/raw/* ;
lsdsk --candidate -p
lsod: list open ASM disks;
lsod -G DATAGP
mkdg: create disk group based on a xml file;
mkdg DATAGP_config.xml
mount: mount a disk group;
mount -f DATAGP;
mount --restrict DATAGP;
mount -a
offline: offline disks or failure groups that belong to disk group.
offline -G DATAGP -F FG1
online: online disks or a failure group;
online -G DATAGP -D data_0001 --power=3
rebal: rebalance a disk group;
rebal --power 4 DATAGP
remap: mark blocks as unusable on the disk and relocates data;
remap DATAGP data_0001 500-700
umount: dismount a disk group;
unmount -f DATAGP
pwcopy: copy password file;
pwcopy --asm +DG/mydir/mypwfile +DG1/mypwfile
pwcreate: create password file for sys;
pwcreate --asm +DG/mdir/mypwfile 'welcome'
pwdelete: delete password file;
pwdelete --asm +DG/mydir/mypwfile
pwget: get the location of password file;
pwget --asm
pwmove: move password file;
pwmove --asm +DG/mydir/mypwfile +DG1/mypwfile
pwset: set the location of password file;
pwset -dbuniquename aime1 +DG/mydir/mypwfile
dsget: get the discovery disk string;
dsget
dsset: set the discovery disk string;
dsset /dev/raw/*
lsop: list current operations on disk group from v$asm_operation;
lsop
shutdown: shutdown ASM instance;
shut immediate
spbackup: backup ASM Spfile;
spbackup +DATA/asm/asmprameterfile/register.323.234 +DATA/spf.bak
spcopy: copy spfile;
spcopy +DATA/asm/asmprameterfile/register.323.234 +DATA/spf.ora
spget: get the spfile location;
spget
spmove: move spfile;
spmove +DATA/spf.ora +DATA1/spf.ora
spset: set the location of spfile;
spset +DATA/spf.ora
startup: start up ASM instance;
startup --nomount --pfile asm.ora
chtmpl:改变template的属性；
chtmpl -G DATAGP --redundancy high --striping fine mytemplate
lstmpl: list templates;
ls -l -G DATAGP
mktmpl: add template to disk group;
mktmpl -G DATA --redundancy mirror --striping coarse
rmtmpl: remove template from disk group;
rmtmpl -G DATAGP mytp
chgrp: change user group of files; 
chgrp asm-data +data/mydir/a.f
chmod: change permissions of files;
chmod 640 a.f
chown: change owner of files;
chown user:usergroup a.f
groups: list all user groups of a user;
groups DATAGP user
grpmod: add or remove OS users to ASM user group;
grpmod --add fra asm_fra oracle1 oracle2
lsgrp: list all ASM user groups;
lsgrp -a
lspwusr: list users from ASM password file;
lspwusr
lsusr: list users in a disk group;
lsusr -G DATAGP
mkgrp: create new ASM user group;
mkgrp DATAGP asm_data oracle1 oracle2
mkusr: add OS user to a disk group;
mkusr DATA oracle1
orapwusr: add, drop, modify ASM password file user; 
orapwusr --add --privilege sysdba hrusr
passwd: change password of a user;
passwd oracle2
rmgrp: remove a user group from disk group;
rmgrp DATAGP asm_data
rmusr: remove a OS user from disk group;
rmusr DATAGP oracle2
rpusr: replace OS user1 with OS user2;
rpusr DATAGP oracle1 oracle2
volcreate: create an ADVM volume in disk group;
volcreate -G DATA -s 10G --width 64K --column 8 volume1
voldelete: delete an ADVM volume;
voldelete -G DATAGP volume1
voldisable: disable an ADVM volumes in mounted disk groups and remove the volume device on the local node;
voldisable -G DATAGP volume1
volenable: enable ADVM volume in mounted disk groups;
volenable -G DATAGP volume1
volinfo: display information of ADVM volumes;
volinfo -G DATAGP volume1
volresize: resize an ADVM volume;
volresize -G DATAGP -s 20G volume1
volset: set attributes of ADVM volume;
volset -G DATA --usagestring 'no file system attached'  volume1
volstat: report I/O statistics of ADVM volume;
volstat -G DATAGP

参考至:http://www.ningoo.net/html/2008/oracle11g_asmcmd_new_command.html
               http://www.dba-oracle.com/t_asmcmd.htm
               http://www.reachdba.com/showthread.php?386-asmcmd-Usage-with-Examples
               http://www.isnetne.ch/lbd/SGBD/oracle/documents/ASM/ASMCMD%20Quick%20Reference%20Guide.pdf
               http://blog.chinaunix.net/uid-23622436-id-3196692.html
               http://www.cnblogs.com/zlja/archive/2011/01/13/2449338.html
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